Table of Content

06 July 2013, Volume 21 Issue 7

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Disease burden of urban children in certain district of Hubei province.

WANG Jing,LIU Ying,LIU Rui,ZENG Jing,YAO Wei-fu,CHEN Hui,ZHOU Shang-cheng.

2013, 21(7):  679-681. 

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Objective To estimate disease burden of urban children in Shiyan city and provide evidence for the policy-making of disease prevention and control. Methods Data on child mortality among urban residents of Shiyan city from 2007 to 2009 were collected and mortality rate,years of life lost(YLL),years lost due to disability(YLD),disability adjusted life year(DALY) were calculated according to the methods recommended by the World Heath Organization. Results Average child mortality rate of Shiyan city from 2007 to 2009 was 0.90‰,male child mortality rate was 1.11‰ vs.female's 0.69‰.Death caused by communicable,maternal,perinatal and nutritional conditions was 0.36‰,mortality of noncommunicable diseases was 0.28‰,mortality of injuries was 0.23‰.There were age and gender differences in death causes.The mortality rates of 0~4 years old children were all higher than those of 5~14 years old children in three groups of death causes.Male mortality rate was higher than female's.DALY of male children was 84.15 per 1 000 vs.female's 51.56 per 1 000,DALY of both genders was 68.47 per 1 000.The sequence of mortality rate was:conditions arising during the perinatal period,unintentional injuries,malignant neoplasms,congenital anomalies,cardiovascular diseases,while the sequence of DALY was neuro-psychiatric conditions,conditions arising during the perinatal period,unintentional injuries,respiratory diseases,and congenital anomalies. Conclusions Both death and disability are should be considered to evaluate disease burden of children comprehensively.Disease burden of children are majorly caused by conditions arising during the perinatal period and injuries.

Analysis of gene mutation in surfactant protein B +1580 site on full-term newborns with respiratory distress syndrome.

YIN Xiao-juan,HAN Xiao,FAN Han-xiao,XIE Lu,QU Wen-wen,FENG Zhi-chun.

2013, 21(7):  682-684. 

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Objective To analyze correlative factor between gene mutation (SP-B +1580) and respiratory distress syndrome(RDS) in full-term newborns. Methods There were 312 Han full-term newborns with RDS as RDS group and 156 Han healthy full-term newborns as control group.Genotypic analysis on exon 4 was performed with polymerase chain reaction amplification(PCR) and gene sequencing.Analysis of for expression of SP-B and proSP-B in lung were determined with immunohistochemical technique. Results Three genotypes of SP-B+1580 including CC,C/T,TT were discovered in two groups.Frequency of C/T genotype in RDS group was higher than that in control group(P<0.05).Patients with C/T genotype had higher rates on uterine-incision delivery mechanical ventilation and mortality chest X-ray grade showed severity about RDS,and needed more pulmonary surfactants(P<0.01).19 patients with decreased mature SP-B and proSP-B were among 50 cases of dead patients with C/T genotypes. Conclusion C/T genotype in SP-B +1580 site causing decreased mature SP-B and proSP-B may be the high risk for RDS.

Neonatal birth weight 10 years trend and analysis of relevant factors in Urumqi.

ZHOU Tian-hong,LIU Zao-ling,Maliyamu.

2013, 21(7):  685-687. 

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Objective According to the Urumqi municipal hospital delivery records in recent ten years,analysis of the neonatal birth weight,study of low birth weight infants and macrosomia the incidence and the related factors. Method From 2002 January to 2011 December in Urumqi city hospital,5 421 cases of neonatal birth weight were investigated retrospectively,and analyzed of gestational age,maternal age,maternal race and other factors associated with low birth weight,fetal macrosomia relationship. Results 1)5 421 cases of neonatal mean birth weight was (3 399.95± 475.94)g,baby boy mean birth weight was (3 457.05± 475.94)g,girl's mean birth weight was (3 335.43±467.72)g.2)The rate of low birth weight was 2.60%,associated with preterm birth,maternal,newborn gender related tribe,the differences were statistically significant.3)The incidence of macrosomia was 10.20%,with gestational age,maternal age,neonatal sex related,the differences were statistically significant. Conclusion Nearly ten years neonatal birth weight increases smoothly; the prevention of preterm birth is important measures to reduce the rate of low birth weight,the higher incidence of macrosomia,should be paid attantion to,neonatal birth weight is necessary to observ year after year.

Study on relationship between Tourette's syndrome and ASO,IL-6,IL-8.

LI Ning,DU Jian-jun,ZHENG Hua,JI Wei-dong.

2013, 21(7):  688-690. 

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Objective To observe the changes of blood T-cell subpopulations,ASO,IL-6 and IL-8 in children with Tourette's syndrome (TS) and explore the pathogenesis. Methods T-cell subpopulations and concentration of IL-6,IL-8,ASO were measured in 32 children with TS and 30 normal children using SAP and ELISA.Yale global tic severity scale(YGTSS) was used to evaluate the severity of tic disorder in children with GTS. Results The numbers of CD⁺₃,CD⁺₄ and CD⁺₈ cells were no significant differences between 32 children with Tourette’s syndrome and 30 normal children(P>0.05),and the levels of IL-6[(68.12±28.13)ng/L] and ASO[(351.4±27.6)kU/L]in serum of children with Tourette's syndrome were significantly higher than those in normal children[(240.8±20.9)kU/L,(48.48±26.21)ng/L](P<0.05).No statistical significance of IL-8 was found in two groups. Conclusion There may be disfunction in humoral immunity in Tourette's syndrome.The pathogenesis of Tourette's syndrome may should be improved in future.

Differences study of asthma and polymorphisms in vitamin D receptor gene between Ningxia Hui and Han asthmatic children.

TANG Chang-chao,MA Jin-hai,ZHANG Xiao-chun,ZHANG Xue-hong,GAO Ying,BAI Hua.

2013, 21(7):  691-694. 

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Objective To discuss the differences between Ningxia Hui and Han asthmatic children about the single nucleotide polymorphisms of locus of BsmI,ApaI,TaqI and FokI on the VDR gene. Methods The peripheral blood DNA from Hui and Han asthmatic children was extracted to analyze the genotype and gene frequency of dynamic locus of VDR gene using the methods of PCR and PCR-RFLP,Chi square test was used to analyse data. Results FokI was a locus where the difference of asthma existed between Ningxia Hui and Han asthmatic children(P<0.05).There was no distinguished difference about the distribution of gene frequency and genotype frequency of the locus of BsmI,ApaI and TaqI existed between the Hui asthma group and Han asthma group(P>0.05). Conclusions Among the four polymorphic sites being studied,the following results have been achieved:FokI is a locus where the differences exist between Ningxia Hui children's asthma and Ningxia Han children's asthma.There is no difference between Ningxia Hui and Han children's asthma about the locus of BsmI,ApaI and TaqI.

Neuropsychological development evaluation for infants with small ventricular septal defect.

ZHANG Wan-xia,YUAN Xue,PAN Ying,WU Yun-mei,CHEN Jin-hong.

2013, 21(7):  695-697. 

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Objective To evaluate neuropsychological development of infants with small ventricular septal defect,in order to adopt effective intervention. Methods The cases were composed of 31 infants born in 2011-2012 with small ventricular septal defect and the controls were composed of 31 healthy infants matched with the cases in birthday,birth weight,gestational age and place of residence.Both the cases and the controls were all accepted Gesell's Neuropsychological Development Evaluation at the age of 12 months and the gap from earliest and latest was not more than 2 weeks.The results were compared then. Results There were no statistical significances in Development Quotient(DQ) of all five departments between the cases and the controls by qualitative analysis (P>0.05).In addition,the study showed no statistically significant differences in DQ of adaptive behavior,fine motor language and personal-social behavior.In gross motor,the DQ of cases was lower than that of the controls,and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusions The neuropsychological development level of the cases is closer to the controls.The lower gross motor development level of the cases may be because of parents' overprotection.

Analysis of related knowledge,attitude and knowledge source on chronic diseases among 4~6 grades in eight Chinese provinces.

SI Xiang,ZHAI Yi,QIAN Yong-gang,DONG Jing,LI Wei-rong,SHEN Chong,ZHAO Wen-hua,SHI Xiao-ming.

2013, 21(7):  698-700. 

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Objective To evaluate knowledge,attitude and knowledge source on chronic diseases among 4~6 graders in eight Chinese provinces. Methods A stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select study participants.All students in 4~6 grades were invited to complete a questionnaire survey. Results A total of 12 385 4~6 graders were participated in the study.Knowledge level was low:52.3% knew that "overweight/fat lead to hypertension or elevation of blood pressure" but only 7.8% knew about the calculation method of body mass index (BMI).Knowledge level was higher among urban children than among rural children (P<0.05);Sixth grader had the highest rate of correctly answer the question about overweight/fat and high blood pressure,while fifth grader had the highest rates of answering other questions (P<0.05).Knowledge about prevention of chronic diseases was positively associated with correct attitudes (P<0.05).Teachers were considered as the most trustful source of knowledge (47.1%) while TV was considered the most favorable source (27.6%).Among all children,59% reported that their families were the most influential factor for their dietary habit,while 30.2% reported that it was the most influential factor for their excise habit. Conclusions It is more lower of knowledge level about prevention of chronic disease.Intervention programs should involve both school and family.

Status quo of social adaption of left-home-kids and the correlation to resilience.

XU Li-ping,TIAN Zong-yuan,KUANG Hong-da.

2013, 21(7):  701-703. 

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Objective To investigate the status quo of social adaption of left-behind students and the correlation to resilience. Method A total of 267 left-home-kids and 644 non-left-home-kids were investigated with resilience scale and social adaptation scale. Results There were significant differences in the score of social adaptation's four factors between left-home-kids and non-left-home-kids.There were significant differences in campus adaption between boys and girls(P<0.05).And there were also significant differences in learning adaption between senior high school and junior school left-home-kids(P<0.05).Social adaption of left-home-kids were correlated with their resilience (Pearson correlation coefficient was between 0.030 and 0.411 for each pair). Conclusions There were internal consistency between resilience and good social adaption of left-home-kids.In order to strengthen the capacity of social adaptation needs to improve their resilience.

Behavioral characteristics in the spontaneously hypertensive,Wistar-Kyoto,and Sprague-Dawley rats.

CAO Ai-hua,ZHANG Xin-ting,YU Lin,WANG Gui-ju,WANG Yu-wei,LEI Ge-fei.

2013, 21(7):  704-707. 

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Objective To observe the behavioral characteristics of attentional flexibility,impulse,spontaneous locomotor activity,cognitive ability in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat (SHR),model of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods To characterize behavioural alterations,attentional set-shifting test,open-field environment test and morris water maze were used in eight juvenile SHR,Wistar-Kyoto(WKY)and SD rats.Prior to training on the set-shifting task,weights were obtained and rats were then food deprived to 85% of the free-feeding standard weight. Results In ASST,the SHR was found decreased mean latency,more trials to reach criterion and more perseverative and regressive errors than the control strains (P<0.01).In open field,the activity levels were significantly higher in SHR than in WKY controls (P<0.01),but there was no significant difference between the SHR and SD rat.During the navigation test,there was no significant difference of latency in SHR(14.41±3.68) and SD rat(16.62±4.65)(P>0.05),WKY rat (23.45±12.02)showed the characteristic of floating.In probe test,SHR (39.92±4.68)showed shorter times stayed in old platform than WKY(54.57±9.34) and SD rat(55.92±8.78)(P<0.01). Conclusions It is important to added SD rats as an additional control to show the behavioral characteristics of SHR in impulse,attentional flexibility,spontaneous locomotor activity and cognitive ability.The SHR is the suitable model used for the study of the behavioral characteristic in the ADHD.

Effect of chronic intermittent hypoxia on renal ultrastructure and function in immature rats.

CHEN Yan,HOU Qing-hua,LU Chao,YE Min,YE Xiao-fen,ZHAO Chun-ling.

2013, 21(7):  708-710. 

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Objective To investigate the effect of chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) on renal ultrastructure and function in immature rats. Methods A total of 22 postnatal day 21 (P21) Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats were randomly averagely divided into two groups:control group and CIH group.CIH-handled rats were exposed to intermittent hypoxia in designed cabin 8 hours every day,and the duration of hypoxia was 6 weeks.The renal ultrastructure was observed by transmission electron microscopy.The value of serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and renal malondialdehyde,activity of urinary enzyme N-β-D-glucosaminidase as well as content of the urinary creatinine were detected by colorimetry. Results The renal ultrastructure of control group were normal.The glomerular endothelial cells showed edema and the foot process fusion were demonstrated in CIH group.Renal tubular epithelial cells appeared obvious edema in CIH group.Compared with the control group,the value of serum MDA and renal MDA were increased obviously (P<0.01).There were significantly increased in activity of Urinary N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) of CIH group (P<0.01),but the content of the urinary creatinine were less than those in control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The study demonstrated CIH exposures result in changes of renal ultrastructure and impairment of renal function,which may be associated with the produce of excessive oxygen radicals after hypoxia.

Effect of perinatal high fat diet on spatial learning and memory in SD rat offspring.

WANG Ling,LIU Ying,WANG Meng-meng,WEI Teng-da,ZHANG Hui.

2013, 21(7):  711-713. 

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Objective To explore the effect of perinatal high fat diet on spatial learning and memory in SD rat offspring. Methods A total of ten pregnant SD rats were randomly divided into control group and high fat diet group,fed with lab chow diet and high fat diet (containing 20% of lard) respectively.After weaning,half of male pups from either group were fed with lab chow and the other half were fed with high fat diet until 12 weeks of age.Then,Morris water maze task was applied to evaluate spatial learning and memory in the pups,and the body weight,the mass of visceral fat and brain were weighted and the level of plasma leptin was measured through ELISA. Results The pups fed with high fat diet from perinatal period until 12 weeks of age showed poorer performance than others in spatial leaning (P＜0.05),but no difference in memory (P>0.05) ability than others;Postweaning high fat diet reduced the body weight and the mass of visceral fat in the pups;Maternal high fat diet during pregnancy and lactation reduced the mass of brain and lowered the level of plasma leptin of offspring. Conclusion Maternal high fat diet during gestation and lactation may impair the development of brain and lower the level of plasma leptin,which could be relative with the cause of the impairment of learning.

Risk factors of cerebral paralysis infants complicated with epilepsy.

PENG Gui-lan,HU Shu-xiang,LI Yin-lan,WANG Yang-dan,CAI Shu-ying.

2013, 21(7):  726-728. 

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Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and the risk factors of cerebral palsy(CP) complicated with epilepsy. Methods A total of 522 children with CP(92 cases complicated with epilepsy and 430 cases non-complicated with epilepsy) were studied retrospectively,including the high risk factors and iconography.The clinical onset of epilepsy,the type of paralysis and level of mental development were also analyzed in 92 cases complicated with epilepsy. Results The incidence of 522 cases of children with cerebral palsy with epilepsy was 17.6%.The study demonstrated that the risk factors of CP complicated with epilepsy were low birth weight (χ²=6.564,P<0.05)and intracranial hemorrhage(χ²=11.797,P<0.05).There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in preterm delivery,asphyxia,and pathologic jaundice.The imaging findings showed the encephalomalacia(χ²=5.250,P<0.05) and brain structure deformity (χ²=14.020,P<0.05) were predictive risk factors for epilepsy,while there was no statistically differences between cerebral hypoplasia and ventriculomegaly (P>0.05 ).The most common onset type of epilepsy was tonic-clonic seizures(44.5%),myoclonic seizures in second place(28.3%),followed by focal seizures(15.3%),infantile spasms(10.8%),one patients without typical attack(1.1%).97.7% children with CP complicated with epilepsy had different degrees of mental retardation.The highest incidence of epilepsy was quadriplegia(61.9%). Conclusion Children with low birth weight,intracranial hemorrhage,cerebral palsy with mental retardation and structural brain abnormalities should increase risks for epilepsy,clinical attention should be paid to.

Relationship of intrauterine infection,interleukin-6 and white matter damage in premature infants.

LI Ya-hong,YUAN Tian-ming,DING Ji-li.

2013, 21(7):  728-731. 

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Objective To observe the relationship of intrauterine infection interleukin-6 (IL-6),and white matter damage (WMD) in preterm infants. Methods 168 preterm children were enrolled in this study from Jan.2010 to May 2012,and divided into WMD group and control group.Intrauterine infection was determined by membranes,placental pathologic examination,WMD was determined by brain ultrasound,and cord serum IL-6 levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent. Results The incidence of intrauterine infection was 32.1% ( 54/168 ).29 cases were diagnosed WMD,and the incidence of WMD with intrauterine infection premature infants was higher than that of without intrauterine infection preterm infants[35.2%(19/54) vs.8.8%(10/114),χ²=17.899,P<0.001].Compared with control group,gestational age,sex,birth weight and Apgar score in WMD group showed no statistical differences (P>0.05).The umbilical cord blood level of IL-6 in WMD group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.001);and its level in preterm infants with intrauterine infection was significantly higher than that in preterm infants without intrauterine infection(P<0.001). Conclusion Intrauterine infection significantly increased the risk of WMD in preterm infants,and cytokines may mediate the process of brain injury in preterm infants with intrauterine infection.

Internal environment changes of whole-body hypothermia on neonatal hypoxic-ischemia encephalopathy.

CHEN Tao-ying,WANG Xiao-lei,JIN Wei-lai,MA Juan,YU Min.

2013, 21(7):  731-733. 

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Objective To investigate the internal environment changes of whole-body hypothermia on neonatal hypoxic-ischemia encephalopathy. Methods Twenty-nine hypoxic-ischemia encephalopathy neonates were randomized to either systemic hypothermia group(n=15) or normothermia group(n=14).The infants in hypothermia group were got parental consent and maintained rectal temperature 33.0℃~34.0℃ for 72 h by cooling.The other supportive treatments were the same in both groups.The dynamic changes of serum Ca²⁺,Na⁺,Cl^-,K⁺,PH,BE,ALT,AST,BUN,Cr,CK-MB at 0 and 72 hours after admission were monitored respectively. Results At the time of 72 h after admission,levels of serum Ca²⁺ and Na⁺ in systemic hypothermia group were higher than those in normothermia group;the level of serum CK-MB in systemic hypothermia group were lower than those in normothermia group;and levels of serum Cl^-,K⁺,ALT,AST,BUN,Cr,BE and PH were no differences between this two groups. Conclusion Systemic hypothermia on neonatal hypoxic-ischemia encephalopathy can improve hypocalcemia and hyponatremia,without aggravated damagements of liver,kidney and acid-base balance,even may have neuroprotective effects on damaged myocardium.

Levels and clinical significances of MCP-4,MDC and CysLTs in peripheral blood of children with asthma.

WU Fan,SUN Zhong-hou,YI Rui-hua,TANG Xiao-di,ZHENG Xiao-jing,ZHANG Jian,SU Ying-ying.

2013, 21(7):  733-736. 

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Objective To investigate the levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein 4 (MCP-4),macrophage derived chemokine (MDC),cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) and eosinophils (EOS) in peripheral blood of children with asthma,in order to understand their roles in the pathogenesis of asthma and clinical significances. Methods Serum levels of MCP-4,MDC,CysLTs and EOS in 35 children with asthma exacerbation (asthma exacerbation group),32 children with asthma convalescence (asthma convalescence group),32 children with pneumonia (pneumonia group) and 25 health children (control group) were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and blood cells analyzer respectively,data were analysed. Results Serum levels of MCP-4,MDC,CysLTs and EOS in asthma exacerbation group were significantly higher than those in asthma convalescence group,pneumonia group and control group (P<0.05).The level of EOS was higher in asthma convalescence group than that in pneumonia group and control group (P<0.05).The levels of MCP-4,MDC,CysLTs in asthma convalescence group were higher than those in control group (P<0.05),but there were no significant differences compared with pneumonia group (P>0.05).The levels of MCP-4,MDC,CysLTs and EOS were associated with the severity of the disease,and there were positive correlations between them. Conclusions MCP-4,MDC and CysLTs are all involved in pathogenesis of asthma in children,and related to the severity of asthma,so their serum levels and counts can be used for diagnosis and evaluation of severity of asthma in children,and it is of great value to clinical treatment;Chronic inflammation still exists in convalescence phases of asthma.

Study on risk factors associated with death cases of hand-foot-mouth disease in Hubei Province,2010-2012.

GUO Yan-ping,WANG Xiao-nan,CHEN Qi,GUAN Xu-hua,JIANG Xiao-qing.

2013, 21(7):  736-739. 

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Objective To explore the risk factors associated with death cases of hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD) in Hubei Province 2010-2012,so as to provide a scientific evidence for its prevention and control. Methods The 63 death cases of HFMD between 2010 and 2012 in Hubei Province were selected as case group,and the 189 survival cases of serious HFMD,which were randomly selected with a ratio at 3∶1 in the same period in Hubei as control group.The basic information,hospitalized experience,clinical symptoms and laboratory test results had been surveyed and the relevant risk factors were analyzed by single factor and multi-factor Logistic regression. Results The results of single-factor Logistic regression indicated that diagnosis of HFMD in the first visit to hospital and rash were two protective factors.While age less than 1 year old,living in rural areas,breastfeed,rural clinics and township medical institutions as the first choice,medication of hormone,medication of antibiotics and EV71 infection were nine risk factors.The results of multi-factors Logistic regression showed that diagnosis of HFMD in the first visit to hospital(OR=0.276,95%CI:0.082~0.937)were protective factors of death of HFMD.Age less than 1 year old(OR=8.222,95%CI:1.875~36.046),living in rural areas(OR=3.459,95%CI:1.051~11.388),breastfeed(OR=2.451,95%CI:1.013~5.928)and EV71 infection(OR=7.964,95%CI:2.504~25.330)were the risk factors of death of HFMD. Conclusions It is necessary to improve the capacity of clinical diagnosis,together with improvement molecular diagnosis for identifying the virus type of HFMD in order to diagnose the HFMD cases earlier.More attention should be paid to these HFMD severe cases with age less than 1 year old and EV71 infection as well as strengthened rural area knowledge propaganda and education.

Silverman Anderson score applying in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome.

DAI Miao-ying,ZHENG Guo-fang,HAO Xiao-qing,LIU Shi,WU Rong.

2013, 21(7):  740-742. 

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Objective To understand the significance of Silverman anderson score for assessing the severity extent of preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Methods A total of 130 preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome were divided into 3 groups according to the Silverman Anderson (SA)score:mild group (3~5 scores),moderate group (6~7 scores) and severite group (8~10 scores).The difference of respiratory rates (RR),heart rates (HR),mean blood pressure (MBP),Fraction of inspired oxygen(FiO₂),the pressure of NCPAP,X-ray grading of RDS,the number of NCPAP success and surporting by endotracheal intubation,SA value of NCPAP success and failure in each group were compared. Results 1)There were statistically significant differences in RR(F=8.990),HR(F=17.792),MBP(F=8.677),FiO₂(F=69.187) and oxygenation index(F=50.807) among the group of the mild,moderate and severite group(all P<0.01).2)There were statistically significant differences in the pressure of NCPAP between the mild and moderate group(F=83.216,P=0.000).The pressure of the mild was higher than that of the moderate group.3)There were statistically significant differences in the X-ray grading of RDS (χ²=33.24),the number of NCPAP success and surporting by endotracheal intubation(χ²=62.62) among the three groups(all P=0.000).4)There was statistically significant differences in the SA value between the NCPAP success and failure(F=13.404,P=0.001). Conclusions SA score can objectively reflect the severity extent of preterm infants with RDS.It might help the clinicians to rapidly assess the severity extent of the infants and give appropriate measures to the infants in the ward.So it might improve the quality of treatment of RDS.

Health intervention effect prediction of children aged <5 years old in the rural areas in Guizhou based on the LiST.

WANG Li-li,JIANG Zhen,WANG Zhi-feng,LUO Da-sheng,MOU Hong-jiang,GUO Yan.

2013, 21(7):  743-746. 

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Objective To understand the current children's health situation of rural areas in Guizhou,select effective interventions and provid priority interventions of children's health. Method To analyze relevant informations of children aged <5 years old in rural areas of Guizhou by SPSS 16.0,then measure direct and indirect intervention effects from 2008 to 2015 which made on the mortality of children aged <5 years old by the Lives Saved Tool (LiST). Results Effective interventions reducing the mortality neonatal:breastfeeding,hospital delivery and curative;1~59 months:breastfeeding,preventive,vaccines and curative. Conclusions 1)The effective interventions focus on improving the environment and health habits,strengthening the medical quality of medical institutions,the promotion of ORS and Zn,put pneumococcal,rotavirus,Hib vaccines into the state planning immune.2) According to LiST,to strengthen grass-roots existing maternal and child health care selectively which may be more conducive to clarify future direction of the maternal and child health in the allocation of resources,to provide reference for the follow-up studies.

Correlation analysis of perinatal hypoxic ischemic brain damage.

WANG Yu,YIN Xiao-juan,LI Li-hua,KONG Xiang-yong,KONG Ling-kai,CHI Jing-han,SHANG Ming-xia,FENG Zhi-chun.

2013, 21(7):  746-749. 

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Objective To explore the risk factors for perinatal hypoxic ischemic brain damage in asphyxiated newborn infants. Method A retrospective study was carried out in 102 asphyxiated newborn infants from Nov.2010 to the end of Jun.2011 in Bayi Children's Hospital Affiliated to General Hospital of Beijing Military Command of People's Liberation Army. Results In 102 asphyxiated newborn infants,46 new born infants were complicated with hypoxic ischemic brain damage(HIBD).The clinical data of the HIBD group (n=46) were compared with those of the HIBD negative group (n=56).The gestational age,umbilical cord abnormalities,placental abruption,meconium,abnormal fetal heart rate and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy were more common in the perinatal HIBD group (P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed gestational age,umbilical cord abnormalities,placental abruption,meconium and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy were the risk factors of HIBD in asphyxiated new born infants. Conclusion Asphyxiated newborn infants with the above mentioned risk factors should be given with appropriate intervention and resuscitation,thereby may prevent the perinatal asphyxia and minimize the occurrence of HIBD.

Effect of prenatal anxiety on neonatal birth weight:a perspective study.

CHEN Hong-hua,WEN Yan-ling,LI Ling.

2013, 21(7):  752-754. 

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Objective To explore the adverse effect of prenatal anxiety on neonatal birth weight (NBW). Methods A perspective study was conducted with 220 prenatal anxiety and 220 non-prenatal anxiety pregnant women selected from Xinhua hospital of Hubei province during Jun 2009 to Dec 2010.Those 220 prenatal anxiety pregnant women were further randomly divided into non-intervention group (n=110) and intervention group (n=110) who accepted the psychological intervention.The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) was used to evaluate the participants' prenatal anxiety extension.Information of NBWs and LBW were extracted from hospital recorded. Results The average SAS score of intervention group significantly decreased after psychological intervention (P<0.001);the NBW of intervention group[(3 390±510) g] and blank group[(3 480±480) g] were significantly heavier than non-intervention group[(3 070±610) g](F=23.40,P<0.001).The gap between intervention group[(3 390±510) g] and blank group[(3 480±480) g] was tested non-significant.The incidences of LBW were significantly higher in non-intervention group than those of intervention group and blank group (P=0.031). Conclusion Prenatal anxiety may have adverse effect on NBW and psychological intervention may be helpful in relieving prenatal anxiety and further decreasing the adverse effect on NBW.

Case contrast of sleeping situations in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder children.

LU Ge-lan,ZHANG Hai-yan,ZHU Dong-mei,ZHANG Jin.

2013, 21(7):  755-757. 

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Objective Based on observations and investigations of associations among normal and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children with sleep disorder aged 5~13,and related index of human delta sleep-inducing peptide(DSIP) level in blood serum.Then followed by an analysis and summary to explores ADHD's onset mechanism and prevention and treatment. Methods Random sampling of 1 100 children aged 5 to 13 were taken from five primary schools and two kindergartens in Lanzhou City for a Conner's Abbreviated Symptom Questionnaire (ASQ)and initial screening of sleep problem.Evaluation was thus made,with ≥15 marks of suspected ADHD.Designated specialists made a definite diagnosis in line with the DSM-IV (1991) standard.Blood serum tests on an empty stomach were given to both groups for DSIP levels. Results 1)The problem of sleep in ADHD group was remarkably significant(P＜0.001)and markedly associated with AOHO.2)DSIP was negatively associated with ADHD (P＜0.001).3)DSIP was negatively associated with ASQ (P<0.001).The more sleep problems children have,their ASQ were higher and were negatively associated with their academic performance. Conclusion ADHD children have low DSIP levels in blood serum,ADHD is associated with sleep disorder,and can affect the academic performance.

Clinical characteristics of neonatal sepsis in term newborn and preterm newborn.

LU Yan,LU Hui.

2013, 21(7):  758-760. 

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Objective To evaluate the clinical characters of neonatal sepsis in term and preterm newborns for early diagnosis and treatment. Method A retrospective study was done to collect clinical characteristics and drug sensitivity in term and preterm neonatal sepsis from January 2009 to May 2011 in neonatal care unit. Results Preterm newborns had higher risks for the incidences of premature rupture of membranes and intravenous nutrition.Preterm newborns were susceptible to hyperbilirubinemia,respiratory distress syndrome,feeding intolerance and neonatal asphyxia,while term newborns were susceptible to omphalitis.G⁺ bacteria was the major pathogen in neonatal sepsis with higher incidence rate in term newborn.Candida albicans infection was susceptible to preterm newborns. Conclusion Preterm newborns with septicemia need more invasive operation to be susceptible to complex complications and complicated with fungal infection.

Evaluation of neonatal resuscitation effect of Chaoyang District in Beijing city during 2004-2012.

LI Jie,LI Hong,MIAO Xiu-fang.

2013, 21(7):  761-763. 

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Objective To promote the recovery of neonatal resuscitation technology,management,reduce the mortality rate of neonatal asphyxia. Method A retrospective analysis was carried out in 23 midwifery institutions from 2004 to 2012 Chaoyang district in Beijing city,to promote the establishment of neonatal asphyxia recovery technology,high-risk infants referral network. Results The rate of neonatal asphyxia was decreased from 3.40% to 1.01%,the perinatal mortality rate decreased from 10.22‰ to 5.76‰.Compared 2008 with 2012 in primary and private hospitals,secondary hospitals,tertiary hospitals,the rates of neonatal asphyxia were respectively 69.53%,42.08%,51.48%. Conclusion Establishing training bases on government,the establishment of long-term mechanism,focusing on training and management at the primary level hospital is the key to reduce the rate of neonatal asphyxia.

Clinical study of pulmonary surfactant and subsidiary ventilation treatment for neonatal respiratory failure.

AN Hong-xia,ZHENG Xing-hui,ZHANG Jin-hua,ZHANG Xin.

2013, 21(7):  763-765. 

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Objective To discuss the cause of disease and the correlation factor for neonatal respiratory failure,and evaluate the clinical effect of (pulmonary surfactant,PS) and subsidiary ventilation for the treatment of neonatal respiratory failure. Methods By retrospective analysis the clinical data of 121 neonatal with respiratory failure were received the systemic treatment of subsidiary ventilation at department of neonatology in the First People's Hospital in Zunyi from July 2010 to July 2011.49 infants who received PS treatment were set as in test group,another 72 neonates who only received subsidiary ventilation were set as control group.The ventilation duration,the total oxygen-inhale time,cure rate,mortality and the clinical outcomes were compared between two groups. Results Cure rate in the test group ( 89.8%) was obviously higher than that in the control group(69.4%);while the mortality rate was lower than that of the control group(χ²=7.16,P＜0.05);The ventilation duration and total oxygen-inhale time in test group were lower compared with control group(U=20.979 and 12.997,P＜0.01);There was no significant difference in the complications between two groups(P＞0.05). Conclusion The combined treatment of PS and subsidiary ventilation can obviously improve the cure rate but not increase the incidence of complications.

Etiologic analysis of 1 200 children under 5 years old with lower respiratory tract infections in Shangzhou City.

RU Guan-pu,LI Yan-yan,WANG Qi,GUO Ai-hua,WANG Hao-jun,ZHAO Wei-jie.

2013, 21(7):  766-768. 

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Objective To explore and analyze the etiologic analysis of 1 200 children under 5 years old with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in Shangzhou city. Methods Sputa specimens for bacterial cultures were collected from 1 200 children with LRTI.The antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed after bacteria had been identified. Results Children under 3 months with LTRI had the highest positive rate of pathogen detection up to 75.9%.RSV infection was the most common virus for children under 3 months.K.pn was the most common bacterial for children followed by SP and E.coli.SP was sensitive to cephalosporins,rifampicin,chloromycetin and vancomycin.K.pn and E.coli were sensitive to imipenem. Conclusion The results of pathogen distribution and drug resistance are important to the diagnosis and treatment in lower respiratory tract infection.

Epidemiological characteristics and treatment analysis of hand-foot-mouth disease of Nanning city in 2008-2011.

ZHOU Yong-dong,YAN Yun-ying,SHI Hai-li.

2013, 21(7):  768-771. 

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Objective To understand epidemiologic features of Nanning city from 2008 to 2011 and provide reference for the prevention and control of hand foot mouth disease. Method Using descriptive epidemiological method,the data of hospital outpatient and inpatient children with hand foot and mouth disease were analyzed. Results A total of 9 280 cases were reported under the jurisdiction of the municipality of Nanning six urban areas from 2008 to 2011.Xingning and Xixiangtang district had more incidence,accounted for 77.84%,the peak incidence was obseved from March to July,,sex ratio was 1.65∶1,major violations from scattered children and preschool children,was 97.37%,pathogen detection showed EV71,CoxA16 incidence,age was ranged from 6 months to 3 years,accounted for 84.67%,the incidence rate was quite low under 6 months,accounting for only 2.22%;treatment rate within 3 days after onset was high (95.13%),mild patient with outpatient treatment accounted for 84.94%,accounting for 15.06% of inpatient treatment. Conclusions Hand-foot-mouth' disease is mainly composed of EV71 or CoxA16 in Nanning city of 2008-2011.Summer peak,scattered children and kindergarten children,male were more incidence of primary group,infant under 6 months may have protective antibodies,most mild cases of outpatient service cures.

Varicella outbreak in a highly vaccinated kindergarten in Changping district,Beijing.

WANG Tao,YUAN Xin-hai,WANG Hai-hong.

2013, 21(7):  771-773. 

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Objective To evaluate the protective effects of varicella vaccine. Method Varicella vaccination and morbidity situation were collected of all the children in the kindergarten which had happened varicella outbreak,through the outbreak of epidemic to evaluated the protective effect of varicella vaccine. Results The attack rate of inoculation object were 8.20%,and the attack rate of non-inoculation object were 34.78%,the attack rate of two groups had significant difference.The vaccine efficacy of varicella was 76%(95%CI:51%~91%).After the vaccination of 1,2,3 years and above 3 years,the vaccine efficacy of varicella were 93%,88%,67%,and 43% respectively.The trend of gradual decreasing of vaccine efficacy over time was statistically significant. Conclusion It advised to adjust varicella vaccine strategy,implement 2 dose of varicella vaccine of children immunization strategy,establish the effective immunity barrier and reduce the varicella outbreak in kindergarten and primary school.

Clinical study of methylprednisolone combined with interferon for bronchiolitis.

WANG Bing-zheng.

2013, 21(7):  773-775. 

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Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of methylprednisolone combined with interferon for bronchiolitis. Methods A total of 182 patients with bronchiolitis were randomly divided into two groups:the control group of 91 patients were treated with anti-infectives,cough suppressants,expectorants,and oxygen therapy.The treatment group of 91 cases were received conventional treatment and methylprednisolone (1~2mg/kg,2~3 times /d for 3 days,reduction after 3 days) combined with interferon(1.0 μg /kg,one time/d for 3~5 days).The symptoms and signs were observed before and after the treatment. Results In the treatment group,the efficiency rate was 97.6%:in the control group,the efficiency rate was 82.4 %.There was a significant difference between the two groups in efficiency(P<0.01).Relieving wheezing,breathing difficulty,reduced cough time,and ablscultatory wheezing disappearing time were shorter in the treatment group compared to the control group(P<0.01). Conclusion Methylprednisolone combined with interferon for bronchiolitis is safe and help reduce healing time.

Etiology analysis on 193 cases of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.

LI Jun,YUE Feng,WANG Jing-tao,YANG Fang.

2013, 21(7):  776-778. 

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Objective To study the etiology of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Method A total of 193 cases of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia were analyzed in the Rizhao Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2009 to February 2012 retrospectively. Results The etiological factors of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia of 193 cases were:perinatal factors (28%),breast milk jaundice (16.6%),hemolytic disease of the newborn (15%),neonatal infection factors (14.5%),maternal fetal liver injury (11.4%),congenital factors and other factors (14.5%).The main therapy methods were the blue light,albumin injection;dispel pathogeny including exchange transfusion therapy,anti-infection,suspend breast-feeding when breast milk jaundice,as well as various adjuvant treatment.In 193 cases of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia,in 184 cases were cured or improved diversified. Conclusion A variety of causes leading to neonatal hyperbilirubinemia are diversified.Perinatal factors,breast milk jaundice,hemolytic disease of the newborn are most common factors.

Clinic analysis on air oxygen mixing instrument by preventings retinopathy of prematurity and its effect factors in preterm infants.

YANG Fu-zhi,LI Wei-sheng,SU Ge-xin,CHEN Xiao-ling,LIU Hong-ling.

2013, 21(7):  778-780. 

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Objective To explore the effect and feasibility on air oxygen mixing instrument by preventings retinopathy of prematurity(ROP) in preterm infantsmeasures. Method A total of 117 preterm infants of test group were used air oxygen mixing instrument in oxygen inhalation,undergone indirect funduscopic examinations two weeks after birth,and then they were followed-up,the outcome were compared with control group(n=95) of no intervention. Results A total of 212 cases of premature infants,8 cases occurred in ROP,accounted for 3.77%,5 males and 3 females.3 cases were ROP Ⅰstage,4 cases were ROP Ⅱ stage,and 2 case were ROP Ⅲ stage.Among the 8 cases,2 cases in test group and 6 cases in control group,the incidence of ROP was obviously different between two groups(P<0.01).High risk factor analysis showed that neonatal asphyxia,apnea,hyaline membrane disease,severe infection,pneumorrhagia,gestation age,birth weight,concentration of oxygen inhalation,time of oxygen inhalation and mechanical ventilation were significantly related to ROP(P<0.01). Conclusion Using air oxygen mixing instrument in oxygen inhalation can depress the incidence of ROP in preterm infants,the development of ROP is higher in the preterm infants with more complications,higher oxygen concentration and longer mechanical ventilation time.

Study of the health education model on preschool children in Wuhan city.

YANG Shao-ping,LIU Li,ZHANG Yan,MEI Hui,CHEN Guang-xing,ZHANG Dan-ni,HOU Li,ZHANG Bin.

2013, 21(7):  781-782. 

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Objective To understand the intervention effect of health education on preschool children's health,and to explore a suitable model for preschool children. Methods Using self-prepared health education materials and self-designed toys to carry out movements.Questionnaires were applied to learn the changes in knowledge,attitude and behavior before and after health education. Results After the education,there were significant improvement in the health related knowledge,attitude and behavior,especially in the prevention of vitamin A deficiency,parents' correct answer rate was 19.34%~80.66%,then increased to 66.85%~92.27%; and children correct answer rate was 14.36%~46.96%,then increased to 67.96%~80.11%,the knowledge awareness and good behavior rate increased significantly (P<0.01). Conclusion The comprehensive health intervention model combined with children and parents can improve the adherence of children and parents for health education,and effectively improve the knowledge,attitude and behavior of children and parents.