Abstract: Objective To explore and analyze the etiologic analysis of 1 200 children under 5 years old with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in Shangzhou city. Methods Sputa specimens for bacterial cultures were collected from 1 200 children with LRTI.The antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed after bacteria had been identified. Results Children under 3 months with LTRI had the highest positive rate of pathogen detection up to 75.9%.RSV infection was the most common virus for children under 3 months.K.pn was the most common bacterial for children followed by SP and E.coli.SP was sensitive to cephalosporins,rifampicin,chloromycetin and vancomycin.K.pn and E.coli were sensitive to imipenem. Conclusion The results of pathogen distribution and drug resistance are important to the diagnosis and treatment in lower respiratory tract infection.

Key words: lower respiratory tract infections, susceptibility testing, children, etiology

摘要： 目的 分析商州地区1 200例5岁以下小儿下呼吸道感染患儿的病原学检测结果,为临床诊治提供参考依据。 方法 对商州地区1 200例5岁以下下呼吸道感染患儿呼吸道分泌物进行病原学鉴定和药敏试验,并对检测结果进行统计学分析。 结果 <3个月的下呼吸道感染的患儿病原检测阳性率最高,高达75.9%(309/407),病原检测的阳性率随患儿年龄增大逐渐降低。3岁以下患儿以感染呼吸道合胞病毒最常见。患儿细菌感染以肺炎克雷伯菌最常见,肺炎链球菌和大肠埃希菌次之。肺炎球菌对于头孢类药物以及非常规使用的抗生素诸如利福平、氯霉素、万古霉素等敏感性好。肺炎克雷伯菌以及大肠埃希菌对于亚胺培南均有很高的敏感性。 结论 病毒学检测、细菌学检测以及细菌药敏试验对于下呼吸道感染的诊断及治疗均有着重要的意义。

关键词: 下呼吸道感染, 药敏试验, 儿童, 病原学