Abstract: Objective To evaluate the protective effects of varicella vaccine. Method Varicella vaccination and morbidity situation were collected of all the children in the kindergarten which had happened varicella outbreak,through the outbreak of epidemic to evaluated the protective effect of varicella vaccine. Results The attack rate of inoculation object were 8.20%,and the attack rate of non-inoculation object were 34.78%,the attack rate of two groups had significant difference.The vaccine efficacy of varicella was 76%(95%CI:51%~91%).After the vaccination of 1,2,3 years and above 3 years,the vaccine efficacy of varicella were 93%,88%,67%,and 43% respectively.The trend of gradual decreasing of vaccine efficacy over time was statistically significant. Conclusion It advised to adjust varicella vaccine strategy,implement 2 dose of varicella vaccine of children immunization strategy,establish the effective immunity barrier and reduce the varicella outbreak in kindergarten and primary school.

Key words: varicella vaccine, vaccine efficacy, kindergarten

摘要： 目的 评价水痘疫苗的保护效果,为能有效地预防接种提供依据。 方法 收集发生水痘暴发疫情幼儿园内全部儿童的水痘疫苗接种情况及发病情况,通过暴发疫情评价疫苗效果。 结果 接种水痘疫苗人群罹患率8.20%,未接种疫苗人群罹患率为34.78％,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。水痘疫苗保护效力为76%(95%CI:51%~91%)。接种后1年、2年、3年和3年以上的水痘疫苗保护效力分别为93%、88%、67%和43%,可见,水痘疫苗保护效力随时间推移逐步递减,并有统计学意义(趋势χ²=4.415,P<0.05)。 结论 建议对水痘疫苗免疫策略进行调整,实施儿童2剂水痘疫苗的免疫策略,建立有效的人群免疫屏障,从而减少托幼机构及小学的水痘暴发疫情。

关键词: 水痘疫苗, 疫苗效力, 幼儿园