Table of Content

06 July 2011, Volume 19 Issue 7

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Investigation of specific adversity and cumulative adversity on adolescents in the rural of Shandong province

LI Yu-li, CAO Feng-lin, LIU Shan-shan

2011, 19(7):  590-592. 

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【Objective】 To investigate the rate of adversity and cumulative adversity on adolescents in the countryside and discuss the importance of paying attention to the adolescents' adversity. 【Methods】 Using the method of convenient sampling to questionnaire surveyed 1 200 adolescents living in the eastern, central and western of Shandong province; the questionnaires were consist of the demography, the adversity checklist which contains family adversity, community adversity, school adversity and personal adversity. 【Results】 The top five adolescents' adversity were the test anxiety and tension(51.7%), parents' substance abuse(37.8%), witnessed the accident(33.5%), own serious illness or injury(31.6%), and the teacher's words hurt(29.8%). The incidence of rural adolescents' cumulative adversity was 79.6% and it was significantly different by sex(χ²=4.1,P＜0.05). Only 6.6% adolescents never suffered adversity. The study also found that the adversity rate of problems with sibling, the test anxiety and tension, sexual abuse, witnessed of fire and traffic accidents were different according to sex(P＜0.05 or ＜0.01). 【Conclusions】 The adversity is common in the rural, especially the cumulative adversity. The rural adolescents' healthy living environment should be paid attention to, and measures are taken to prevent and reduce the influence of adversity on adolescents' physical and mental health development.

Study of how temperament of 2~3 year old children and rearing pattern of their parents' impacted on children's behavioral problem at the same period and 2 years later

ZHU Xue-na, LIANG Ai-min, LI Dong-yang, YAN Shu-juan

2011, 19(7):  593-596. 

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【Objective】 To explore the influencements on children's behavioral problems at the same period and two years later, and to explore the stability of behavioral problems, in order to provide effective rearing patterns to reduce behavioral problems. 【Methods】 Two children temperament questionnaires(TTS, BSQ) developed by Carey were administered to 2~3 year-old children taken at random in 5 districts of Beijing countryside whose development screening was normal, and the Child-rearing Practice was investigated to test the rearing pattern, Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL 2~3,4~16) were used to test the behavioral problems. 【Results】 1)Temperament was the most important risk factor to children's behavior problems, especially on internalizing behavior problems; parents' rearing pattern was another risk factor; the situation of pregnant of mothers could effect on externalizing behavior problems; 2)The rhythmicity of children's temperament and rejection of parents' rearing pattern could predict children's behavioral problems after two years; 3)There was significant stability in externalizing behaviors, but less stability in internalizing behaviors. 【Conclusions】 children's temperament and parents' rearing pattern can impact on children's behavioral problems at the same period and two years later, there were stability on children's behavioral problem.

Investigation of delinquent junior comorbidity with different attention deficit hyperactivity disorder subtypes

JIANG Su-hua, ZOU Xiao-bing, TAN Wei-tang, MAI Zhi-guang, ZHANG Hong-qiao, HUANG Liu-kai

2011, 19(7):  597-599. 

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【Objective】 To explore the prevalence, different clinical subtype distribution and behavioral problems of delinquent junior with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) and to provide theoretical basis for early preventing delinquent junior. 【Methods】 Using Vanderbilt ADHD Parent Rating Scale, 41 cases of delinquent junior males with ADHD were diagnosed, namely delinquent junior group. 38 common adolescents males with ADHD who were diagnosed by Vanderbilt ADHD Rating Scale in the outpatient department were control group. 【Results】 The prevalence of ADHD in delinquent junior was obviously higher than common children. The main ADHD subtypes were predominantly hyperactivity-impulsive type and combine type in delinquent junior. This was different with common ADHD adolescents. There were 51.22% predominantly hyperactivity-impulsive type and 36.58% combine type in delinquent junior group. However, the control group had 39.47% predominantly inattentive type and 47.37% combine type. The delinquent junior with ADHD comobid externalizing disorders and co-existed externalizing disorders and internalizing disorders. Behavior problems distribution was not different in three clinical subtypes. But there was different in three clinical subtypes of common ADHD adolescents. 【Conclusions】 The prevalence of ADHD in delinquent junior is obviously higher than common adolescents. ADHD diagnosis and treatment should be differentiated individually. It has great significance on prognosis and outcome.

Mid-term follow-up effect assessment on peer-led HIV/AIDS prevention among senior high school students of three coastal cities

CAI Yong, HUNG Hong, JIN Xing-ming, SHI Rong, XU Gang, YE Xiu-xia, QIAN-Xu

2011, 19(7):  600-602. 

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【Objective】 To evaluate mid-term follow-up effect on peer-led HIV/AIDS prevention among senior high school students of three coastal cities and discuss the sustainability of peer intervention on HIV/AIDS prevention. 【Methods】 18 classes senior high school students of key, regular and vocational schools selected from Shanghai, Sanming and Beihai were divided into intervention group and control group randomly. The peer-led HIV/AIDS prevention was conducted in intervention group and the same questionnaire was carried out before intervention, two weeks after and 1-year after. 【Results】 The scores of HIV/AIDS related knowledge, cognitive benefits for security behavior and safe sexual behavioral intentions among intervention group were significantly higher than the previous one at both two weeks and one year after intervention(P<0.01). It also scored higher than control group at the same circumstances. 【Conclusions】 Peer-led intervention on HIV prevention among senior high school students can improve the HIV/AIDS related knowledge, cognitive and behavioral intentions effectively, and it can also maintain a long time.

Survey on health KAP in floating children in Beijing

GUO Li-na, YU Xiao-ming, AN Wei-wei, WANG Jia

2011, 19(7):  603-605. 

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【Objective】 To study the state of the health knowledge, attitudes and behavior of floating children in Beijing, and accomplish the needs of health education assessment in migrant children schools, to provide a theoretical basis and recommendations in order to complete the implementation of school health education. 【Methods】 Self-report questionnaire was used and laid emphasis on anonymous, totally 730 fourth to sixth grade students of 5 migrant children schools in two districts of Beijing were included. 【Results】 There existenced sex and grade differences in knowledge of the overall health of floating children; Habits in terms of health behavior, they lacked of the hygiene of food(24.11% could not eat breakfast everyday, 20.99% could not eat vegetables frequently), hand washing, oral (37.43% could not tooth brushing before sleep), etc. And obviously 93.88% needed the health education. 【Conclusions】 In order to improve the floating children's health, and develop the health awareness, strengthen the implementation and management of health education should be done by the migrant children school.

Effects of early intervention on healthy personality development in 0~3 years infants

BAO Xiu-lan, ZHENG Yi, SUN Shu-ying, WANG Hui-shan, WANG Dan-hua, LI Yue-ping, HUANG Xiao-na

2011, 19(7):  606-609. 

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【Objective】 To explore the effects of early intervention on healthy personality development in infants and the evidence for optimized nurture and education. 【Methods】 From October 2007 to October 2010, 21 hospitals in China took part in the research of early integrate intervention on infants of 0~3 years of age. 594 eligible normal newborn infants were randomly assigned to early intervention group(301 cases) and control group(293 cases). Regular follow-up and general parenting guidance were performed for both groups. In addition to the common guidance, individualized instructions and training courses for parents were organized by well-trained professionals. The standard instruments used to assess the effect of intervention were Chattel's Sixteen Personality Factor Scale(16pf), Temperament Questionnaire(1~4 months old and 12~36 months old), Personality Tendency Scale for Children(PTSC), Children Behavior Check list(CBCL), CDCC Scale of infant development(CDCC) and Child Home Nurture Environment Scale. 【Result】 The mean scores of Personality Tendency for Children, CDDD, Children Behavior Checklist and Temperament in the intervention group were significantly better than those for control group(P<0.05 or ＜0.01). 【Conclusion】 Early intervention can significantly promote the formation of a healthy personality of early childhood; it is a golden stage to cultivate infants' healthy personality in 0 ~ 3 years old.

Effect of hypertension disorder complicating pregnancy and weight gain in early childhood on the blood pressure of 3-year-old offspring

HUA Chen, XIE Ya-chun, HAN Cong-hui, WANG Zhi-ming, LIU Li, ZHENG Dong-mei, WANG Zhong-qing, CHEN Su-fen, YANG Liu, ZHANG Hui-ying

2011, 19(7):  610-612. 

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【Objective】 To investigate the blood pressure and the impact of related factors in 3-years old offspring with hypertension disorder complicating pregnancy(HDCP)mother. 【Methods】 Utilizing the group case-control study method, a follow-up study was carried out. 28 HDCP patients, 34 normotensive controls during pregnancy and all of their offspring were obtained. The information was collected by questionnaires. The anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, lipids and serum uric acid were measured in HDCP and control. The height, weight and blood pressure were measured in the offspring. 【Results】 There was no statistical difference in blood pressure between off springs of the two groups(P＞0.05). The blood pressure of offspring was not associated with mother current blood pressure, presentational BMI, weight gain during pregnancy(P＞0.05). No effect of mother's current dyslipidemia, uric acid anomalies and cardiovascular risk factors aggregation on their offspring's blood pressure was found(P＞0.05). The offspring's systolic blood pressure was positively associated with their weight gain after birth(P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in weight gain between two group children(P＞0.05). 【Conclusions】 This study indicates that HDCP is not associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressures in the 3-year-old offspring. But weight gain after birth is associated with systolic blood pressure in the children.

Cross-sectional investigation on rickets of 0~4 years old children in Xichang city

HUO Ting-zhu, YANG Yao, CHEN Jing, SHI Yan, WANG Xi-rong, WANG Qin, YANG Yu-xiang, WU Kang-min

2011, 19(7):  613-615. 

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【Objective】 To study the prevalence and influencing factors of 0~4 years old children's vitamin D deficiency in Xichang city by epidemiological investigation. 【Methods】 1 235 children were randomly selected from 5 kindergartens and First People's Hospital of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture who would get physical examination and lab tests, and their parents would get a questionnaire survey. 【Results】 Rickets prevalence in Xichang city of 0~4 years old children were 38.1%. Infants were found mainly in early stage, and young children were in the stage of recover. The prevalence of Yi was higher than that of Han. The 25-(OH)-D₃ levels were significantly lower than the Han children. The main factors of rickets in Xichang city were nationality. 【Conclusion】 Early prevention of infant and young child' rickets should be strengthened, especially in health management of Yi children.

Survey on blood pressure of teenagers aged 12~17 years old in Changsha city

KANG Ru-tong, ZHONG Yan, JIANG Yao-hui

2011, 19(7):  616-618. 

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【Objective】 To study blood pressure level and the epidemic status of hypertension in teenagers aged 12~17 years old in Changsha in order to provide reference data for prevention of teenagers hypertension. 【Methods】 According to cluster sample method sampling pricipal, all students from junior 1 to senior 2 in 18 middle schools were measured about their blood pressure, height and weight. At the same time, the level of blood pressure and nutrition status were evaluated. 【Results】 1)Among 18 922 teenagers aged 12~17 years old, 1 276 teenagers were attacked with hypertension and 1 127 teenagers were borderline hypertension, their prevalence ratios were 6.7% and 6.0% respectively. 2)The levels of SBP and DBP increased as the age rised. In 12 years old, the levels of SBP and DBP among girls were more than those of boys. The boys gradually catched up after then and exceeded girls. 3)The hypertension ratio among boys was more than girls and increased as the age rised. But the borderline hypertension ratios were higher among girls and lower age groups. 4)In the obesity group, the hypertension ratio and borderline hypertension ratio were highest and which were second in overweight group and lowest in the normal weight. There was significant difference among groups(χ²=69.348,P=0.000). 【Conclusions】 The hypertension ratio is intermediate level for teenagers aged 12~17 years old in Changsha, the blood pressure level of boys rises rapidly. The hypertension ratio is positively correlated with obesity.

Research on the changes and value of the serum myocardial enzymes in neonates with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension

WANG Li, ZHU Yan-ping, LI Ming-xia

2011, 19(7):  619-621. 

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【Objective】 To study the changes and clinical value of the serum myocardial enzymes in neonates with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension(HPH). 【Methods】 There were totally 30 cases of neonates as HPH group and 30 cases of neonates as control group enrolled. Tests were performed on the 1^st and 7^th day after birth separately, which included the level of serum myocardial enzymes, pulmonary artery systolic pressure(PASP) by using the color Doppler echocardiography and blood gas analysis tested by the femoral arterial blood at the same time. 【Results】 1)There were significant differences(P<0.05) of the values of PaO₂, PASP between the HPH group and the control group on the 1st day, while there were no significant difference(P>0.05) on the 7th day. There was a negative relation between the PaO₂ and PASP(P<0.05)on the 1^st day in the HPH groups, but there was no relation between PaO₂ and PASP(P>0.05)on the 7^th day in the HPH group. 2)The level of serum myocardial enzymes obviously increased and had a significant difference in the HPH group between the control group(P<0.05) on the 1^st day, however, the result had no significance statistically on the 7^th day. The values of creatine kinase myocardial myoglobin isoenzyme(CK-MB) had significant difference(P<0.05) on the 1^st day in the HPH group. It had a positive relation among the level of serum creatine kinase myocardial myoglobin isoenzyme and PASP(P<0.05), but it had no relation among the level of blood serum myocardial enzymes and PASP(P>0.05)on the 7^th day between the HPH group and the control group. 【Conclusions】 Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension can result in myocardial damage in the neonates, and the level of myocardial enzymes will increase when myocardium are damaged. They are correlative with PaO₂ and PASP.With the improvement of hypoxia and decrease of PASP, the level of blood serum myocardial enzymes will also decrease. So the level of blood serum myocardial enzymes can reflect the myocardial damage in the neonatal hypoxic pulmonary hypertension, they provide an evidence for early diagnosis and treatment of the myocardial damage in the neonatal hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.

Study on comprehensive intervention for infant obesity in city

WANG Wen-yuan, ZHAO Gui-lan, LI Yu-fen, HU Xiao-yan, FU Ping

2011, 19(7):  622-624. 

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【Objective】 To explore the intervene methods for infant obesity in city. 【Methods】 Intervention program suitable for community child care physicians was carried out. A variety of activities directed at caregivers were conducted to promote children's dietary health. Interventional cycle was 1 year. 【Results】 Food transfer time of intervention group was earlier than control group.Eating meat, vegetables and fruits were more frequent while eating sweet drinks was less frequent than control group. The proportion of overweight and obesity in intervention group was significantly lower than control group after one year. There was statistical difference in nutritional status between the two groups while no statistical difference in length. It didn't mean that intervention hindered infants' linear growth. 【Conclusion】 The intervention program is applicable for communities and simple, practicable, safe and effective.

Study on attention and temperament and their correlation at 7～12 months infants

RAN Ni, TIAN Xin-xin, QIN Wei, YI Ming-ji, FU Peng, FENG Xue-ying

2011, 19(7):  625-627. 

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【Objective】 To investigate the characteristics and influencing factors of attention and the correlation between attention and temperament at 7～12 months infants. 【Methods】 A toy car, a ball and a book were given successively to the infants playing for 90 seconds each one. The period of infant free play was videotaped so that it could be scored for focused and casual attention by observers to analyse attention time. The temperament types and dimensionalities were assessed with Carey Infant Temperament Questionnaire which was answered by the main caregiver. 【Results】 The average total attention time was (28.8±12.9) s, focused attention was (11.4±7.4) s and casual attention was (17.4±8.3) s per 90 seconds for the three toys. The focused attention time was shorter than casual attention time (t =4.7,P＜0.01). There were significant differences among the 3 toys in attention time(P＜0.01). The LSD-t test showed that the attention time to the book was longer than that of the car or the ball(P＜0.01), but there was no significance difference between the car and the ball(P＞0.05). There was significant difference neither between male and female infants nor among the different age-group of 7~12 months. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between attention time and temperamental dimensionalities. The attention time among the different temperament type infants had no significant difference. 【Conclusions】 The focused attention time is shorter than casual attention time at 7～12 months infants. The baby's sustained attention time is significant differences in different toys, but it is not related to infant temperament.

Effects of valsartan on the renal nephrin and vascular endothelial growth factor of adriamycin nephritic rats

WANG Jun-jian, HU Rui, MAO Yun-ying

2011, 19(7):  628-631. 

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【Objective】 To explore effects of valsartan on expression changes of nephrin and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in adriamycin(ADR)-induced-nephropathy rats. 【Methods】 Thirty-six rats of Sprague-Dawley were divided into two groups: the model group(n=24) and the control group(n=12). The rats in the model group were injected with a single dose of ADR(0.007 mg/g ) via tail-vein, while the rats in the control group were injected with a comparable volume of 0.9% saline. The model was successfully established when the 24 h urinary protein excretion exceeded 100 mg after ADR injection 1 week. Twenty rats were successful and then were randomly assigned to the ADR nephrosis group(n=10) and the valsartan group(n=10). The rats in the valsartan group were treated with valsartan[0.02 mg(g·d), i.g., once a day for 4 weeks, whereas the other rats were received a comparable volume of 0.9% saline. The 24 h urinary protein excretion was measured and the pathological changes of the renal tissues were observed under light microscope, Immunohistochemical and Western Blotting techniques to detect the expression of nephrin and VEGF, then analyzed the relationship of the data. 【Results】 1)The 24 h urinary protein and the expression of VEGF in the ADR nephrosis group were higher than those in the control group and valsartan group(P<0.05), and the expression of nephrin in the ADR nephrosis group was lower than those in the control group and valsartan group(P<0.05);2)Nephrin was negatively correlated with the 24 h urinary protein, while VEGF was positively correlated with the 24 h urinary protein. 【Conclusions】 1)Nephrin and VEGF play an important role in the pathogenesis of ADR nephrosis. 2)Valsartan decreases the urine albumin excretory rate in rats with ADR nephrosis, which mechanism may be at least partly correlated with enhancing the expression of nephrin and inhibiting the expression of VEGF in kidney.

Case-control study on risk factors of sub-health neonates based on population in Shandong province

ZHOU Feng-rong, LIU Xia,ZHANG Peng, CHEN Zhi-xin, LIU Wen-zhu

2011, 19(7):  643-645. 

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【Objective】 To investigate the possible risk factors of sub-health neonates in Shandong province. 【Methods】 A population-based case-control study was carried out on 1 073 cases of sub-health neonates and 1 073 controls. The parents of cases and controls were interviewed with a uniformed questionnaire. The incidence was calculated and chi-square test was made to probe the statistical sense of exposure of risk factors using statistical software SPSS15.0. Conditional logistic regression model was used for multivariate analysis on SPSS. 【Results】 The chi-square test and multiple factor logistic regression analysis showed that some risk factors were mothers' age, fathers' smoking, mothers' passive smoking, raising pets, premature rupture of membrane, polyembryony, virus infection, pregnancy hypertension, taking nalgesics, tocolytic agent, morthers' exposure to noise, agricultural chemicals, and bad moral irritation, fathers' exposure to hor-mone drug. 【Conclusions】 The incidence of sub-health neonates is associated with many factors. Intended measures to prevent those risk factors could be effective in reducing the incidence of Sub-health Neonates.

Risk factors of functional constipation in school children

XIONG Shu-ying, SUN Xiao-mian, HUANG Xu-li

2011, 19(7):  646-648. 

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【Objective】 To discuss the epidemiological situation and the risk factors in the pathogenesis for the functional constipation(FC) among school children in Shenzhen, and in order to provide a scientific basis of etiology and precaution for the school children. 【Methods】 A stratified, randomized study by cluster sampling using a questionnaire was employed with 1 786 children whose studying in primary school in Shenzhen, and the clinical data of these children diagnosed FC were analysed. 【Results】 The incidence rates for these functional constipation among school children is 5.49% in primary school in Shenzhen. Factors including the poor balanced diet, excessive intake of fried food, excessive intake of meat, did not eat or occasionally some vegetables, poor sleep quality, sweating much, anxiety, heredity and obesity were significantly associated with the presence of chronic constipation(OR＞1). 【Conclusion】 To start from the risk factors of school children's functional constipation and take some target actions and make early treatment could protect children from FC.

Related analysis on the type of epilepsy and sleep disorders

JIANG Zhi, ZHANG Jie, NING Ze-shu, CHEN Bo, YANG Li-ming

2011, 19(7):  648-650. 

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【Objective】 In order to improve the sleep quality in children with epilepsy, the relationship between the types of epilepsy and sleep disorders were intevestigated. 【Methods】 Using questionaire survey methods, according to whether there were sleep disorders the children with epilepsy were divided into sleep disorder groups and control group,. and intevestigated how the type of epilepsy affect sleep quality. 【Results】 There were 220 cases of children with epilepsy in all. Using related analysis there were mild positive correlation between sleep disorders and general seizure, focal seizure, seizure frequence. But there was moderate correlation between sleep disorders and often sleep onset. 【Conclusions】 There are some correlation between seizure types and sleep disorders. But the onset of sleep have a greater impact on sleep. It is possible more meaningful to improve sleep quality for controlling onset especially sleep onset.

Effects of two growth hormone provocative tests(arginine and levodopa combined or sequential ways)among children with short stature

JIN Wei, PAN Ping-ping, YUAN Xin-hua

2011, 19(7):  651-652. 

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【Objective】 To compare the effects of two growth hormone(GH) provocative tests(arginine and levodopa combined or sequential ways) among children with short stature. 【Methods】 77 children with short stature were divided into 2 groups randomly. The combined group(39 cases) was given with arginine and levodopa at the same time to stimulate GH secretion, while the sequential group(38 cases) was given with arginine and levodopa separately in two days. The peak value of GH and the positive incidence of the two stimulation tests were compared. Peak value <10 ng/mL was defined as negative test and peak value >10 ng/mL was defined as positive test. 【Results】 The GH peak value in combined group and sequential group were(15.55±7.50) ng/mL and(13.80±9.23) ng/mL respectively. The incidence of positive test in combined group(82.0%) was significantly higher than sequential group(60.5%). 【Conclusion】 The GH provocative test performed in combined way has a higher positive incidence than in sequential way, and is more reliable in diagnosing GH deficiency.

Current situation analysis of secondary prevention of prenatal birth defects in Qingdao

XIU Xin-hong, WANG Xiao-ming, Chen Yu-hua

2011, 19(7):  653-655. 

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【Objective】 To analyze status of secondary prevention of prenatal birth defects in Qingdao city, in order to provide the basis for the prevention decision. 【Methods】 The three-level monitor network information of birth defects in Qingdao city were used, to analyze the monitor situation during pregnancy and the occurrence status of prenatal birth defects, in order to identify the impact of the secondary prevention on prenatal birth defects. The whole prenatal neonates were delivered in hospital from April 1 of 2009 to March 31 of 2010. 【Results】 The rate of prenatal birth defects was 60.34/10⁴. The top five defects diseases were congenital heart disease, total harelip, polydactyly, congenital hydrocephalus(tied for limb reduction defect), and syndactyly. The present situation of implementation about secondary prevention was that the prenatal screening rate of prenatal birth defects was 49.14%, the screening rate of ultrasound was 88.20%, the prenatal diagnosis rate was 58.37%, the prenatal detection rate was 63.95%. After therapeutic abortion, the incidence of prenatal birth defects decreased from 60.34/10⁴ to 43.89/10⁴(χ²=20.14,P<0.01). 【Conclusions】 Strengthening the work of health care in gestation period and raising the technology of prenatal diagnosis can reduce the birth defects effectively.

Prevention and cure strategy concluded from clinical analysis of 960 cases of respiratory foreign body in children

LI Xiang-li, TANG Ya-e, WANG Li, LI Xiao-ying, ZHOU Mei-hong, KONG De-ling, KANG Fang-qin

2011, 19(7):  655-657. 

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【Objective】 To analyze the variety of different causes of children respiratory foreign body, in order to provide the appropriate prevention for children accidental injury. 【Methods】 960 cases of children respiratory foreign body(October,2005-October,2010) were gathered and retrospectively analyzed, focused major on the age, sex, geographical distribution, clinical treatment, the kinds of foreign body, location of the foreign body, the kinds of operation, and the therapeutic result. 【Results】 75.63% of all the cases happened in infants of 1~3 years old, boys more than girls; 73.96% of all the cases were those come from country side; 82.08% of all the foreign bodies were vegetant foreign body such as peanuts or melon seeds; 957 cases were cured after operation whereas 3 cases died. 【Conclusions】 The key point of prevention of children respiratory foreign body is the reinforced health education, especially in countryside.

Drug-resistance surveillance and analysis of the staphylococcus aureus infection of children under 5-year in Zhuhai area

WANG Wei-shan, CAI Gui-feng, ZHONG Ying, ZHOU Yu-qiu

2011, 19(7):  657-660. 

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【Objective】 To investigate the drug-resistance of staphylococcus aureus(SAU) isolated from children under 5-year in Zhuhai area. 【Methods】 245 stains of SAU were isolated from 4 357 cases under 5-year in the Zhuhai Municipal Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital since January 2007 to December 2009. Kurby-Bauer method was used to analyze antimicrobial susceptibility of above-mentioned strains against 12 antimicrobial agents. Results were evaluated according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI) of that year. The data was statistic analysis by WHONET 5.4 and SPSS 17.0. 【Results】 95.1% of the cases were under 1-year. 97.1% strains were isolated from the specimens of the outpatients and in-patients within 48 h of hospitalization. The majority of the specimens was sputum(89%) and pneumonia was the main disease among the cases(88.6%). The prevalence of the methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) was 17.6%. The rates of resistance to penicillin, clindamycin and erythromycin were 93.9%, 51.4%, 67.6% respectively. All were sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid. The drug-resistance of MRSA was higher than methicillin sensitive staphylococcus cureus(MSSA)(P<0.05). According to the drug resistance of SAU, there was no significant difference between the newborns and the infants(P>0.05). 【Conclusions】 The detection rate of MRSA is low in children under 5-year with SAU infection in Zhuhai area. The drug-resistance rate is not high in the microbial agents except Penicillin, Clindamycin and Erythromycin. Oxacillin is still a cheap and sensitive drug to cure the children with SAU infection in Zhuhai area.

Clinical study of the life quality in chidren with different subtypes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

WEI Yan, ZHANG Feng, YANG Jie, LU Xue-qian, WANG Jie, ZHANG Li-li

2011, 19(7):  660-663. 

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【Objective】 To study the quality of life in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD), and investigate the relationship between the life quality and intelligence. 【Methods】 Test groups included 653 children diagnosed ADHD according to the DSM-IV were divided into three groups .Control group included 530 healthy children were matched with ADHD in age and sex. All were investigated with ISLQ and CRT. 【Results】 Compared with control group, the scores of peer intercommunion, school life, cognitive components, depression experience, anxiety experience and overall satisfaction in ADHD children were lower in significance(P＜0.05) . In ADHD-CT children, the school life scores were lower in more significance(P＜0.01). The scores of overall satisfaction in ADHD-CT and ADHD-PI children were lower than healthy children(P＜0.05). In ADHD children whose CRT were in the middle level scores, the scores of school life, self-awareness, cognitive component, anxiety experience and overall satisfaction were lower than ADHD children with high intelligence (P＜0.05). The scores of self-awareness in ADHD children with middle intelligence were lower than with good intelligence(P＜0.05). 【Conclusion】 ADHD children have damages in life quality, especially for ADHD-CT, and ADHD children with different intelligence have different disorder in the life quality.

Analysis of death condition in children under 5 years old in Yantian district of Shenzhen, 2000-2010

LI Xian-fen, CHEN Xi

2011, 19(7):  663-665. 

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【Objective】 To master the death situation and dominant death cause in children under 5 years old in Yantian district of Shenzhen,and find intervening methods. 【Method】 The death data of children under 5 years old in Yantian district from 2000 to 2010 were analyzed retrospectively. 【Results】 1)The death rate of children under 5 years old was 3.85‰, in premature new-born was 1.82‰, in new-born was 2.29‰, in infant was 3.10‰,in children aged 1~4 years was 0.74‰. 2)The percentage of death in children under 5 years old as following: 47.4% in premature new-born, 59.6% in new-born, 80.7% in infant, and 19.3% in children aged 1~4 years. 3)The death rate of children in permanent resident population was significantly lower than that in floating population (χ² = 12.31,P<0.01) . 4)The main death causes were in turn:accidental death, birth asphyxia, and premature delivery and low birth weight. 【Conclusions】 The key to reduce the death rate of children under 5 years old is to reduce the death rate of premature new-born. Prevention of accidental death is the urgent affair.

Analysis on the relationship between ultrasound bone density and height of the development of 6-month-old infants in Zhuhai city

ZHANG Xiao-jiao

2011, 19(7):  666-668. 

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【Objective】 To investigate the relationship between the height of development and ultrasound bone density of infants, and discuss the deficiency of bone mineral substance in the development of infants, then provide the basis of taking precautions against premature rickets. 【Methods】 The investigation was conducted in 531 6-month-old infants who were selected by stochastic monitoring method in physical examination of outpatient clinic from January 2009 to February 2010, the way was to measure the SOS value of infants' tibial by ultrasonic bone analyzer of Aonuo BMD-1000C of America, and compare with Z value(Z value=(measuring value-mean value)/ Standard deviation of mean value of different age), so could show the bone mineralization situation of infants who be measured in groups of same age. 【Results】 The z value of 6-month infant' bone density had remarkable difference or obvious difference between the low-grade or above average and other grades of heignt evaluation(P all＜0.05). the gradus of the relationship between the positivity rate of Z value of 6-month infant' bone density and the grades of heignt evaluation was average +> above average> average-> below average> superior>low grade. 【Conclusions】 Screening of bone density in priority of such infants whose heignt evaluation was low grade, average and above average, so could maintain level of bone mineral substance in effect and avoid deficiency of bone calcium during the development, taking precautions against premature rickets.

Evaluation to standardized management mode of discharging high risk neonates from NICU of primary hospital

ZHANG Li-fan, GUO Xiao-fang

2011, 19(7):  669-671. 

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【Objective】 To evaluate the efficiency and feasibility of standardized management mode of discharged high risk neonates from NICU of primary hospital. 【Methods】 The following-up center for discharged NICU high-risk neonates was to establish and the follow-up processes and intervention model were also set up. High-risk neonates born from Jan. 2007 to Jan. 2009 were followed up with periodic evaluation, advice and guidance, and the implementation of early intervention. 【Results】 About 2 505 of high-risk neonates were recruited into this standardized management mode. The filing number and the rate of follow-up at 6month, one year and two years after this mode performed were significantly higher than that of two years before this mode performed(P<0.001). About 253 neonates with mental and motor developmental abnormalities were performed early hospital combined family intervention. Compared with control group, there was no significant difference between intellectual and motor developmental index at 2 yeas of age. 【Conclusion】 Setting up network of supervision to high-risk neonates, unified management and multi-course cooperation combined with family based intervention are efficiency and feasibility modes for primary hospital.

Epidemiological analysis of measles among infants less than eight months in Yuyao

CHEN Li-feng, HUANG Da-li

2011, 19(7):  671-673. 

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【Objective】 To study the epidemiological characteristics of measles among infants less than eight months in Yuyao. 【Methods】 83 measles cases of infants less than eight months reported by measles monitoring system were collected in Yuyao during 2005-2010. The epidemiological data were dealed with by descriptive analysis. 【Results】 83 measles cases of infants less than eight months were reported during 2005-2010, 45 cases were occurred in 6~8 months infants, which accounted 54.2% of all cases; 38 cases were occurred in less than 6 months infants, which accounted 45.8% of all cases ; native children was 58(69.1%), non-native children was 25(30.1%). 【Conclusion】 This result suggests that it is availability to vaccinate infants aged within 6 months, to reduce the incidence of measles among infants less than eight months.

Case-control analysis of neonatal respiratory failure disease

TIAN Bao-li, ZHAI Shu-fen, YAN Jun-rong, HAO Gui-zhu, ZHANG Rui-min

2011, 19(7):  673-675. 

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【Objective】 To investigate the main effect factors associated with neonatal respiratory failure(NRF). 【Methods】 Total of 188 neonatals with NRF and 190 neonatals with non-NRF of NICU were selected in the same period. The data of NRF were analyzed with case-control study. 【Results】 Tweleve factors were proved to be statistically significant difference. including residence, mode of delivery, multiple pregnancy, premature birth, pregnancy disease, fetal distress, amniotic fluid aspiration, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, birth asphyxia,respiratory distress syndrome, congenital heart disease, meconium aspiration syndrome. 【Conclusions】 Controlling these risk factors of NRF is of great practical significance to reducing the incidence and mortality of NRF.

Analysis and changes on disease class of Linzi People's Hospital pediatric hospitalized patients during 2001-2009

DONG Cui-xiang, HAN Zheng-li, MIAO Li-yan, ZHANG Min, BIAN Lin

2011, 19(7):  675-677. 

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【Objective】 To observe the change of disease class among inpatient of pediatric department in Linzi People's Hospital in order to provide the scientific basis for the health care work and pediatrics medical treatment. 【Method】 Total 28 534 inpatient records during 2001-2009 were reviewed and analysed by the SPSS13.0 software. 【Results】 The number of inpatient had increased year by year, the top five ranks in disease class were bronchopneumonia, upper respiratory tract infection, asthmatic pneumonia and acute bronchitis, virus enteritis. Bronchopneumonia was in the first place of disease class accounting for 21.61 percent of the total number of 9 years, hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD), herpangina, asthma raised rapidly. 【Conclusions】 The disease class of hospitalized patient of pediatric dipartment have changed during 9 years. The future key work is to prevent and treat children's respiratory disease, to strengthen the prevention and management for HFMD and intensify the prevention work for children's disease.