【Objective】 To master the death situation and dominant death cause in children under 5 years old in Yantian district of Shenzhen,and find intervening methods. 【Method】 The death data of children under 5 years old in Yantian district from 2000 to 2010 were analyzed retrospectively. 【Results】 1)The death rate of children under 5 years old was 3.85‰, in premature new-born was 1.82‰, in new-born was 2.29‰, in infant was 3.10‰,in children aged 1~4 years was 0.74‰. 2)The percentage of death in children under 5 years old as following: 47.4% in premature new-born, 59.6% in new-born, 80.7% in infant, and 19.3% in children aged 1~4 years. 3)The death rate of children in permanent resident population was significantly lower than that in floating population (χ² = 12.31,P<0.01) . 4)The main death causes were in turn:accidental death, birth asphyxia, and premature delivery and low birth weight. 【Conclusions】 The key to reduce the death rate of children under 5 years old is to reduce the death rate of premature new-born. Prevention of accidental death is the urgent affair.