Chinese Journal of Child Health Care

Observation of effect on neural development on massage of Tongduxingnao and Yishenjianpi in the brain damage in preterm infants

CEN Li-ting,LIU Zhen-huan

2012, 20(12): 1064-1066.

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【Objectives】 The effects of the two groups was compared to see whether there were superiority in early intervention of brain damage in preterm infants with the Massage of Tongduxingnao and Yishenjianpi.Whether to further established the important position of traditional Chinese medicine in the early intervention of brain damage in premature infants. 【Methods】 82 infants with brain demage in preterm infants were selected and randomly divided into two groups.The experimental group received the treatment of Massage of Tongduxingnao and Yishenjianpi combined with routine intervention.The control group received Massage of Sensory Stimulation combined with routine intervention.The Gross Motor Function Measure,Bayley scales of infant developmentⅡ(MDI、PDI)and the Gesell Developmental Scales were tested before,right after and 3 months after the treatment designed. 【Results】 The experimental group had a significant superiority in improving the DQ of gross motor function by Gesell Developmental Scales and GMFM(B area)compared with the control group(P<0.05),but no discrepancy in the others.After the treatment,the score of experimental group reach normalization in MDI and PDI by BSID was higher compared with the control group(P>0.05). 【Conclusion】 The Massage of Tongduxingnao and Yishenjianpi has a significant superiority in improving the DQ of gross motor function and sitting position(B area of GMFM)compare with the Massage of Sensory Stimulation.

Predictive value of qualitative assessment of general movements for motor developmental outcome of very low weight premature infant

CHEN Ming,YANG Hong,HOU Fang-hua,SHI Wei,ZOU Jing,CAO Yun,WANG Yi,ZHU Xiao-yun,LUO Dan-dan,ZHU Mo,SHAO Xiao-mei

2012, 20(12): 1067-1069.

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【Objective】 To study the predictive value of qualitative assessment of general movements (GMs) for very low birth weight (VLBW) premature infants' motor developmental outcome. 【Methods】 Neurological outcomes were determined at least after 12-month-old of age, according to clinical diagnoses and Peabody Developmental Motor Scale-2 (PDMS-2).Sensitivity, specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated. 【Results】 The predictive value of GMs assessment for abnormal motor developmental outcome was as following: sensitivity 100%,specificity 98.3%,positive predictive value 87.5%,and negative predictive value 100%;The predictive value of GMs assessment for cerebral palsy was as following: sensitivity 100%,specificity 92.1%,positive predictive value 37.5%,and negative predictive value 100%. 【Conlusions】 The qualitative assessment of GMs has a very good predictive value for VLBW infants in detecting later neurological outcomes.As a new method of neurological assessment,the qualitative assessment of GMs stands an important ground for follow-ups,and needs further application and generalization in China.

Research on the health-related quality of life in prematures with low birth weight

YE Xiu-xia,SUN Jian-hua,HUANG Ping,BU Jun,BEI Fei,HU Wen,YE Xiao-lai,HUANG Hong

2012, 20(12): 1070-1073.

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【Objective】 To evaluate health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) in prematures with low birth weight. 【Methods】 A cross-sectional study was conducted in Shanghai.A self-administrated questionnaire (TAPQOL) was completed by the primary caregivers of the prematures with mild to moderate birth weight and normal controls at the age of 1~5. 【Results】 Among the three groups,significant differences were found at the level of stomach,skin,sleep,appetite,motion function,problem behavior and cognitive function (P<0.05 or <0.01 ). 【Conclusions】 Children born with low birth weight do not experience an overall lower HR-QOL at preschool age.Children with moderate low birth weight perform more poor in physical function,cognitive function and behaviors.More attention and family-based health intervention are needed.

Study on prevalence and its risk factors of the developmental coordination disorder in a preschool children population of Nanjing city

LIU Xiao,YANG Lei,ZHANG Min,XIE Ya-chun,HONG Qin,LI Xi-ling,TONG Mei-ling,GUO Xi-rong,CHI Xia,CUI Yan

2012, 20(12): 1074-1076.

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【Objective】 To investigate the distribution and its influential factors of the developmental coordination disorder (DCD) of preschool children in Nanjing city. 【Methods】 A cross-sectional survey with cluster random sampling was performed.750 children aged 4~6 years old from 6 kindergartens of Nanjing city were selected as survey venues,whose parents would complete the developmental coordination disorder questionnaire and the basic situation questionnaire and the Chi-square test and unconditional logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data. 【Results】 1) The prevalence of DCD in preschool children was 24.7%.There were high significant difference in the prevalence of DCD among children of different ages(χ²=19.748,P=0.000),and no statistical significance was found between boys and girls(χ²=1.239,P＞0.05).2) The children with DCD were different from the normal children on the age,whether crawling clumsily or not,the time began to walk,the time began to use the spoon,the time began to use the chopsticks as well as the time and interested items for everyday's exercise (P＜0.05).3) Whether crawling clumsily or not,the time began to walk and the average time for everyday's exercise affected the happening of the DCD according to the unconditional logistic regression analysis. 【Conclusions】 The prevalence of DCD is higher in the preschool children population.Measures should be taken to promote the children's coordination ability by the parents and teachers.

Relationship between serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and iron metabolic index in preschool children

CHEN Ke,CHENG Xin-ran,ZHANG Lan,LUO Hong-yi,GAO Ning,WANG Jin,FU Gui-ying,MAO Meng

2012, 20(12): 1077-1179.

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【Objective】 To explore the correlation of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and iron metabolic index,including hemoglobin (HB),serum ferritin (SF),serum transferrin receptor (sTfR),transferritin receptor-ferritin index (TFR-F) and body iron content (BIC). 【Methods】 About 473 preschool children with 2~7 years old were randomly selected from eight kindergartens,including 223 boys and 250 girls with (47.8±14.5) months.HB was measured by HiCN method,NGAL,SF and sTfR by ELISA.TFR-F index and BIC were calculated according to the relevant index formula. 【Result】 There were significant correlation between NGAL and sTfR,TFR-F and BIC (the partial correlation coefficients were 0.23,0.24 and -0.15,P<0.01 or <0.05),respectively.The value of serum NGAL in anemic children was markedly higher than that of non-anemic children [(152.8±33.4) vs (220.7±25.4)pg/mL](P<0.05).Children with low sTfR level (cut by sTfR media value) had lower serum NGAL level than those with high sTfR level[(181.05±41.1) vs (257.6±47.8)pg/mL](P<0.05);however,children with low BIC level (cut by BIC media value) had higher serum NGAL level than those with high BIC level [(269.1±49.4) vs (181.3±30.8)pg/mL](P<0.05).The values of sTfR and TFR-F in children with low NGAL level (cut by NGAL media level) were significantly lower than those of children with high NGAL level (P<0.05),but not for HB,SF and BIC (P>0.05). 【Conclusion】 The impact of NGAL on iron metabolism may be mainly through the inhibition on erythroid proliferation,but no relationship with iron reserves process.

Physical condition of primary and secondary students in Qingdao city from 1991 to 2010 year

LI Ze-min,SHI Xue-xiang,XU Yan-ju

2012, 20(12): 1080-1082.

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【Objective】 To study the physical condition and the variation tendency for ages of the primary and secondary school students,and to provide evidence for the intervention measures. 【Methods】 The 1991,2000 and 2010 Chinese National Survey on Students Constitution and Health was used as reference population.There were 3 170,3 573 and 5 277 primary and secondary Han nationality students aged 7 to 18 years old included in this study.Annual physical health data of lung capacity,50 meters run,standing long jump、endurance run were analyzed. 【Results】 The lung capacity,standing long jump and endurance run time were increased beyond of 50 meters run compared by 1991 and 2000 year,instead the lung capacity and standing long jump were decreased,while 50 meters run and endurance run time were increased compared by 2000 and 2010 year. 【Conclusion】 The physical condition of primary and secondary Han nationality students aged 7 to 18 years in Qingdao city from 1991 to 2010 was decreased,It is necessary to provide the prevention measures.

Investigation on beverage knowledge,attitude and practice of primary and middle school students

GUAN Shuang,TIAN Yan-mei,DONG Fu-rong,QI Cui-hua,ZHANG Jun-li,ZHANG Shi-xiu,LI Xin-qin,ZHAO Chang-feng

2012, 20(12): 1083-1086.

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【Objective】 To study students' cognition of beverage-related knowledge,attitude and practice(KAP),and guide their beverage consumption scientifically. 【Method】 2 400 cases of children and adolescents were selected from 15 schools in 5 cities in Shandong province with stratified cluster random sampling,and surveyed with questionnaires. 【Results】 Primary and secondary students had a certain amount of knowledge of beverage.Girls had better attitude of beverage consumption than boys.Primary students and senior school students had better attitude of beverage consumption than junior school students.Unhealthy beverage consumption behavior was widespread among primary and secondary students.The frequency and consumption of drinking beverage of primary and secondary students was different by gender and school. 【Conclusion】 It is necessary to pay attention to the prevention of beverage-related unhealthy behavior.Proper intervention measures must be taken to strengthen the professional nutrition healthy education to students,parents and teachers.

Evaluation of the related dangerous factors in children with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome

LI Jun-yi,XU Hua-lin,JIANG Yan,LI Na

2012, 20(12): 1087-1089.

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【Objective】 To study the dangerous factors in children with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS),and to explore whether obesity and the tonsil and/or adenoid hypertrophy would cause obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome. 【Methods】 The body mass index(BMI) and the tonsil and adenoid size were evaluated on 182 OSAHS and 160 non-OSAHS children.All children were examined by polysomnography(PSG). 【Results】 Among OSAHS,BMI and the tonsil and adenoid size were significantly higher than the control group of children's.In addition,OSA score and apnea hypopnea index(AHI),LSaO₂ showed a positive correlation.Obesity,tonsillar hypertrophy,and adenoid hypertrophy were the dangerous factors for OSAHS. 【Conclusion】 OSAHS had impact on children's quality of life seriously.It indicated that there were certain relations between pathogenetic factors and obesity,tonsillar hypertrophy and adenoid hypertrophy.we can pass from the etiology to control the occurrence of OSAHS in children.

Current situation of maternal knowledge related with infant sleep health during pregnancy in urban area

Chinese Infants Sleep Development Study Group

2012, 20(12): 1090-1093.

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【Objective】 To find out the status of maternal knowledge related with infant sleep health in urban area and correlation between maternal knowledge and demographic characteristics. 【Methods】 469 data were collected with questionnaire which was filled by themselves.Data were analyzed with Binomial Logistic Regression to explore the relationship between maternal knowledge and demographic characteristics. 【Results】 The percentages of mothers who knew the changing trend of infant sleep duration and could decide infant's sleep status correctly were 75.3% and 55.9% respectively.88.3% of them prefered to have their infants sleep in the baby's crib,67.0% of them believed they should put their baby in bed before they fall asleep,and 68.7% of them would not soothe their infant right after night wakes or not soothe at all.Maternal age,level of education and family income were correlated with maternal knowledge related with infant sleep health. 【Conclusion】 The popularity of health promotion related with infant sleep health is effective in urban area,and it could be improved by highlighting specific issues to different population in accordance with their needs,especially the mothers with relatively low level of education.

Changes of superoxide dismutase,malonyldialdehyde,and pathology in the infant rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage and protective effect of hyperbaric oxygen

CHEN Jing,CHEN Yan-hui,LV Hong-yan

2012, 20(12): 1094-1097.

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【Objective】 To explore the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on the changes of superoxide dismutase(SOD),malonyldialdehyde (MDA) and pathology in brain tissue of infant rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD). 【Methods】 The rat model of HIBD was made by the method of Bjelke and divided randomly into two groups (n=30)-HIBD group and HBO-treated HIBD group.Another 60 rats underwent sham-operation and were also divided randomly into HBO-treated the control group and the control group.After 24h of the operation,the rats of the HBO-treated groups received HBO (2ATA,1h/d) for 14 days.The rats were killed at postnatal 12h and 15d to detect the level of SOD and MDA in rat brain.HE staining and Nissl stain were employed to observe the pathological change and the number of neurons in hippocampus of rats when rats were 15 days old. 【Results】 In HIBD+HBO group,the level of SOD[ (90.43±10.83) U/mgprot] was higher than that in HIBD group [(74.18±8.52) U/mgprot]; but the level of MDA[ (16.76±3.80) nmol / mgprot ]was lower than that in HIBD group[(28.05±4.28)nmol/ mgprot].Surviving neurons of the HIBD+HBO rats[(122±10.52) cells /0.2 mm²] were more than the HIBD rats[(92± 6.51) cells/0.2 mm²] by Nissl's staining. 【Conclusion】 HBO might be useful to protect brain of neonatal rat against hypoxic-ischemic damage by resisting free redical,reducing brain edema and reducing neuron death.

Effects of GM-CSF on intrauterine hepatitis B virus infected infants and the serum Thl/Th2 balance

LI Shu-hong,LIU Jie,LIU Shao-fei,JIA Bei,LIU Zhi-fen

2012, 20(12): 1106-1108.

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【Objective】 To investigate the effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor(GM-CSF) on intrauterine hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected infants and the serum Thl/Th2 balance. 【Methods】 Forty intrauterine infected infants entered the study.They were randomized into two groups.Twenty babies were assigned to GM-CSF group and received combined therapy with 10 μg of rHBvac and 200 U HBIG injected intramuscularly at different sites,10 μg/kg of GM-CSF intradermally after three days at receiving rHBvac the same point.Twenty babies were assigned to control group and receiving 200 U HBIG and 10 μg intramuscular rHBvac injections at different sites.One year after birth,the post-treatment serum samples were collected to test HBV-DNA quantification and other HBV serological markers with the baseline samples at the same time.Levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL)-4 in blood serum in spontaneous and superuatant were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). 【Results】 All subjects completed the three -dose schedule,no adverse events were reported in either group.After the treatment,5 children became HBsAg and HBV DNA negative in GM-CSF group,however the difference did not reach to a significant level;One children became HBsAg and HBV DNA negative in control group.The IFN-γ levels of GM-CSF group were significantly higher than those of control group(P<0.01).There was no significant diference in IL-4 levels among the two groups (P>0.05). 【Conclusion】 Combined GM-CSF,rHBvac and HBIG therapy have some use in intrauterine infected infants who are not protected by immunoprophylaxis.

Etiological diagnosis and analysis of children hand-foot-mouth disease in Cixi in 2011

CEN Di,WU Jian-gen,LUO Ying,WANG Si-quan

2012, 20(12): 1109-1112.

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【Objective】 To study the pathogenic characterization of the hand-foot-mouth diseases (HFMD) in Cixi in 2011,and to understood the HFMD epidemic trend. 【Method】 Sentinel hospital surveillance for clinical diagnosis of HFMD case specimens were collected.Real-time fluorescence(Real-time) RT-PCR assay was used to detect human enteric viruses (HEV),enterovirus 71 (EV71)and Coxsackie virus group A type 16 (CVA16) of specific nucleic acid. 【Results】 Positive rate of total intestinal virus specimen was 89.97% in 289 cases; Enterovirus 71 and Coxsackie A16 were 58.46% and 22.31% respectively,other type accounted for 19.23%.High positive rate was found in 1~5 years old and male children patients;EV71 positive rate of hospitalized cases was 68.97%. 【Conclusion】 EV71 and CVA16 are the major pathogens of HFMD in Cixi,EV71 infection is much likely to cause severe cases and inpatients,in some area CVA16 is the dominant species.

Analysis of the screening result of retinopathy of prematurity

LIU Ming-hua

2012, 20(12): 1112-1114.

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【Objective】 To explore the screening of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP),and to understand the incidence and the related factors of ROP. 【Method】 On the May 10,2010 to March 31,2012 period in Qingyuan City Maternal and Child Heath Hospital outpatient department of ophthalmology for ROP screening of premature and low birth weight infants were retrospectively analyzed,statistics and analysis of screening. 【Results】 Screening a total of 239 cases of premature infants and low birth weight infants,ROP patients were found in 15 cases,the incidence rate of 6.28%.Statistical analysis showed that BW≤1 500 g,1 500 g<BW ≤2 000 g,BW>2 000 g ROP occurrence rate was respectively 20.59%,8.22%,1.52%.There were significant differences in the morbidity(χ²=17.47,P<0.005);GA≤31 weeks,31<GA≤34 weeks,GA>34 weeks the incidence of ROP were 29.17%,7.25%,2.06%.There also were significant differences in the morbidity(χ²= 25.96,P<0.005).The analysis also showed the occurrence of ROP and oxygen had a certain relationship. 【Conclusions】 Screening shows the incidence of ROP was 6.28%,standard oxygen,low birth weight and small for gestational age is the relevant factors of ROP.For low gestational age or low weight in high-risk preterm infants shound be regularly eyeground screening.

Oral erythromycin for treatment of feeding intolerance in very low birth weight preterm infants

YANG Yi-lin,ZHUANG Si-qi,LIU Xiao-hong,WANG Bin,ZHU Xiao-yu,CUI Qi-liang,YANG Jie,HE Shao-ru

2012, 20(12): 1114-1117.

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【Objective】 A prospective,multi-center,controlled study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness and possible side effects of oral erythromycin (EM) in treating preterm infants,especially VLBW(very low birth-weight )preterm infants with feeding intolerance(FI). 【Methods】 46 preterm infants with FI from 16 hospitals were enrolled,study period from January,2008 to March,2010.The patients were divided into 3 random groups:EM-HD group,oral erythromycin 12.5 mg/kg,q8h for 7~10 days; EM-LD group,oral erythromycin 5 mg/kg,therapy as above; and control group,not treated by any gastrointestinal prokinetic agent.Several critical time points of feeding condition were compared,the incidence of extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR) and the potential adverse effects of erythromycin were also evaluated. 【Results】 11 patients had be classed as EM-HD group,22 as EM-LD group,13 as control.After enrollment,the time reaching 50 kCal/(kg·d) from enteral feeding were significantly shorter and the proportions of calorie ingested by the enteral route when the infants regained to their birth weight were significantly higher in two trial groups than the control group.The incidence of EUGR was significantly lower in EM-HD group.All enrolled infants were followed up from discharge to 6 months' age,no obvious side effect was found in the trial groups. 【Conclusions】 In this research,both doses of oral erythromycin are effective for treating VLBW preterm infants with FI and the high dose is more effective.There are not obvious side effects of oral erythromycin observed.

Analysis of factors correlated with subnormal vision of preschool children in Lanzhou

GU Dong-ying,REN Wan-na,HUANG Cai-xia,ZHANG Wen-fang,SUN Yi-lan

2012, 20(12): 1121-1123.

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【Objective】 To analyze the incidence and the factors correlated with subnormal vision of preschool children in urban areas of Lanzhou,and to provide evidences for the prevention and treatment of the subnormal vision. 【Methods】 A sample of 2 754 preschool children aged 3~6 years old from 10 kindergartens located in different functional urban areas of Lanzhou were selected randomly.4~6 years old children were examined by the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart.3 years old children were examined by symbols chart.Refrangibility was detected using Suresight hand-held refractometer and at the same time,the factors related with abnormal vision were studied. 【Results】 The prevalence of subnormal vision acuity in preschool children in Lanzhou was 13.9%.The subnormal rate decreased gradually as the age increasing.Among the 9 factors,four of birth weight,gestational age,the eyesight of the parents and daily sleep time were correlated with child subnormal vision. 【Conclusion】 Kindergartens and families should pay more attention to prompt children's good living habits of eye care.Meanwhile,public health education should also be enhanced among societies,families and kindergartens to take care of children's eye.

Analysis of astigmatic distribution of preschool children in Shenyang city

BAI Ying-long,YANG Lu,ZHANG Chun-dong,ZHOU Zhi-qiang,LI Chun-tao

2012, 20(12): 1124-1125.

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【Objective】 For effectively enhancing and improving children's visual function,it is important to investigate the astigmatic status and explore the basic rule of preschool children. 【Methods】 3 to 6 years old children were selected randomly from 10 kindergartens in Shenyang city by cluster sampling method.The Welch Allyn Suresight handheld vision screening instrument was applied to conduct refraction.Children's astigmatic degree and astigmatic axis were analyzed. 【Results】 Most of preschool children aged 3 to 6 years old were hyperopic,and 59.86% of them were hyperopic astigmatism; there was significant difference among the distributions of astigmatic axis in different types of astigmatisms (χ²=3 631.0,P<0.01);the astigmatisms of most hyperopic astigmatism were in the range of 0.50 to 1.00 D,nearly half of myopic astigmatisms were in the range of 1.25 to 2.00 D,the astigmatisms of mixed astigmatism were relatively high (astigmatism ≥ 3.25). 【Conclusion】 Those children with myopic astigmatism and mixed astigmatism should be focused on monitoring to prevent children from amblyopia in preschool stage.

Clinical characteristics of 9 patienets of hiatal hernias with the first symptom of anemia

CHEN Min,WANG Ju-xiang,HUANG Zhen,LI Yuan

2012, 20(12): 1126-1127.

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【Objective】 To explore the clinical characteristics and the main points of treatment for the hiatal hernias patients with the first symptom of anemia. 【Methods】 Analysis of the clinical data of 9 cases of hiatal hernias patients whose first symptom was anemia.All the patients had been given the tests of routine blood,serum iron,serum ferrtin,total iron binding capactiy.besides these,they also had done the X ray of chest and upper gastrointestinal radiography. 【Results】 All the 9 cases met the of criterion of iron deficiency anemia.The mean level of the hemoglobin,serum ferritin,serum iron,total iron binding capacity was (52 ± 12)g/L,(3.0±1.8)ng/mL,(2.7±1.8)μmol/L,(87.21±5.78)μmol/L individial.All of them did not have the gastrointestinal symptoms such as"abdominal pain,vomitingand melena".The X ray of the chest showed abnormal,the diagnosis of hiatal hernias was proved by upper gastrointestinal radiography.8 cases had been given surgery,1 case family refused operation and gave up threatment. 【Conclusion】 Iron-deficiency anaemia is common for infants,it can be diagnosed easily by the tests of iron metabolism.It is important to find out the cause of iron deficiency,especially congenital malformation gastrointestinal tract such as hiatal hernias.The X-ray of chest should routinely been done to the patient of anemian to avoid misdiagnosis.Surgery is the key factor for the successful treatment.

Clinic analysis of treating bronchiolitis by budesonide atomizing inhalation

JI Da-zhang,WANG Yu-ping,ZHANG Xiao-yan

2012, 20(12): 1128-1130.

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【Objective】 To analyse the efficacy and possible mechanism of treating children bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and post-infection inflammation of the air passage by budesonide atomizing inhalation. 【Methods】 120 children diagnosed with RSV bronchiolitis were randomly divided to atomizing group and common group.The number of pant days during the acute and recovery stage,hospitalization days and recurrence cases of these two groups were recorded and compared.The blood serum eosinophilic cationic proteins (ECP),IL-6,IL-8 and IL-10 during the acute and recovery stage were tested and compared between the two groups,and statistics analysis was carried out. 【Results】 There was statistics significance (P＜0.05) of the pant days,hospitalization days and recurrence cases compared between these two groups.The values of ECP,IL-6 and IL-8 in the acute stage were higher than those in the recovery stage(P＜0.05).The value of IL-10 in the acute stage was lower than in the recover stage (P＜0.05).The difference had statistics significance (P＜0.05) between the above said test results in the recovery stage of the atomizing group and common group. 【Conclusion】 Budesonide atomizing inhalation has significant effects in treating RSV bronchiolitis,and certain effects in preventing post-infection inflammation of air passage.

Research and analysis of the epidemiologic characteristics of infectious childhood diseases

CHENG Ai-ping

2012, 20(12): 1130-1132.

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【Objective】 To know about the pathogeny and epidemiologic characteristics of infectious childhood diseases,to master the prevention and control measures and to decrease the morbidity. 【Method】 Descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze statistically the infectious diseases in children from 0 to 14 years old who were reported through the network and registered from January 1,2004 to December 31,2011. 【Results】 The 1 584 infectious childhood reported cases were mainly respiratory and intestinal.Scattered children,especially male and rural,were the major patients.B disease was more popular than C disease.HFMD,measles,epidemic parotitis,chickenpox and congenital syphilis ranked the top five.Before 2010,when the vaccination of measles vaccine was carried out,measles was the majority,and after 2008,HFMD was the majority. 【Conclusions】 The key to prevent the infectious childhood diseases is to control the respiratory and intestinal infectious diseases.Vaccination is an effective way to decrease the morbidity.Strengthening the education of prevention knowledge,forming a good habit can also prevent the spread of infectious diseases.

Epidemiological characteristics of rotavirus infection among diarrhea children in Hangzhou

LI Wei,LOU Jin-tu,SHANG Shi-qiang,LI Hua-mei,ZHOU Ming-ming

2012, 20(12): 1132-1135.

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【Objective】 To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of the children infected with rotavirus in Hangzhou,and to provide evidence to prevent and cure the children with acute diarrhea caused by rotavirus infection. 【Method】 The antigen assay of rotavirus in stool from the outpatient and inpatient children with acute diarrhea was employed in 2007-2011,and the positive patient information was statistically analyzed. 【Results】 The rotavirus-positive rate of the children of Hangzhou was 29.25% in 2007-2011,the annual rotavirus-positive rate decreased from 39.42% in 2007 to 19.61% in 2011.The epidemic period of children rotavirus was mainly in November and December of every year,and the children aged 6~18 months had the high infection rate.The rotavirus-positive rate was 32.28% in outpatient children with diarrhea,and the positive rate was 20.70% in hospitalized children. 【Conclusion】 The children rotavirus infection rate was lower than the national average level in Hangzhou,the safe and effective rotavirus vaccine development may eradicate the hazards of children rotavirus in the prevention and treatment of children rotavirus.

Distribution of pathogenic bacteria and drug resistance of bacterial diarrhea of children in Xiamen

WU Jian-ning,WU Jia-yin,LIN Run-hua

2012, 20(12): 1135-1138.

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【Objective】 To analyze the distribution and drug resistance of bacterial diarrhea of children in Xiamen,and to provide the reference for rational use of drugs. 【Methods】 1 951 cases from August 2007 to December 2011 for clinical diagnosis of infectious diarrhea,took shit vaccination SS and MaiKangKai culture medium for the bacteria cultures.Bacteria identified with France's merry ATB Expression system,and the diagnosis was confirmed with parting serum aggregation.The antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by Kirby-Bauer. 【Results】 92 cases of pathogens were screened out of 1 951 cases of stool specimens,positive rate was 4.72%.Among which 62 plants salmonella spp(67.39%),escherichia coli (pathogenic,aggressive) 21 strains(22.83%),shigella spp 9 strains(9.78%).The resistance to β-lactam antimicrobial was relatively serious in cause diarrhea escherichia coli.Salmonella and shigella were highly sensitive to three generation of cephalosporins and β-lactam add enzyme inhibitors.No resistance found to piperacillin/tazobactam or imipenem. 【Conclusions】 This district children infective diarrhea separation with salmonella bacteria is given priority to,especially in rat typhoid salmonella bacteria are in the majority.The first generation,the second generation cephalosporin should not report sensitive.The resistance to β-lactam antimicrobial is relatively serious in cause diarrhea escherichia coli.Clinical should choose antimicrobial agents for treatment according to antimicrobial susceptibility test results.

Measurement of pupillary distance degree of 8 164 children in Gansu province

FAN Zhen

2012, 20(12): 1138-1140.

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【Objective】 To investigate the development and trend of pupillary distance among 6 to 15 years old children in Gansu Province. 【Method】 Pupillary distance samples of 8 164 children living in the 6 districts of Gansu province:Lanzhou,Zhouqu,Huinin,Baiyin,Jinning and Hezuo were measured using steel ruler and the results were analyzed and compared cross age and gender sections. 【Results】 Among 8 164 samples,6 to 15 years old boys' pupillary distance increased from 55.60mm to 61.49mm while girls' increases from 56.04mm to 60.24mm,i.e.pupillary distance increased as age increased.Pupillary distance and age showed positive associations (male:r=0.335,P<0.01;female:r=0.286,P<0.01).And the differences between different age group were significant.Other than 6 age groups,boys' pupillary distance was larger than girls.The gender difference of 6 to 10 year's age group was not significant,but between 11 to 15 years old age group there was significant difference.In Gansu province the pupillary distance of 6 to 15 years old children increased as their age increased.Both male and female pupillary distance showed rapid increase at the age of 9.But after reaching 13 years old,female pupillary distance stopped increase while male pupillary distance continued to grow after 15 years old.Male pupillary distance reached adolescent level at the age of 14 while female at 11. 【Conclusion】 The pupillary distance data of normal developed children is an import reference in diagnosing children's abnormal skull development.

One case report of Dandy-Walker syndrome and its literature review

HE Zhi-jiang,JIANG Tao-tao,GAO Yan,HONG Qi

2012, 20(12): 1140-1142.

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【Objective】 To review the literature of Dandy-Walker syndrome(DWS) and improv the level to understand and diagnose this disease in clinic. 【Method】 In this article,a 7-month old patient with DWS was presented,and the literature and its summarized character was reviewed. 【Result】 Genetic and environmental factors might be devoted to DWS which could be associated with cerebral or systemic anomalies,imaging study such as CT or MRI was the main basis for its diagnosis. 【Conclusion】 DWS is a congenital malformation in the central nervous system,with poor prognosis,early detection and diagnosis,especially prenatal diagnosis is very important.

Research on breastfeeding and neurobehavioral development

LIU Yan,LIN Qian,KUANG Xiao-ni,QIAN Hong-yan

2012, 20(12): 1143-1145.

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【Objectives】 To investigate the early feeding of some infants in Changsha Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital to study the correlation of breastfeeding and neurobehavioral development,which might provide a more rational guidance for infant feeding. 【Methods】 From July to December of 2010,274 infants aged 6~12 months old who involved in the physical examination in Changsha Maternal and Chil Health Hospital were selected.Questionnaire survey was used to collect the information of feeding,Gesell Development Scale was used to evaluate neurobehavioral development,Anova single factor analysis of variance and multiple regression analysis were used. 【Results】 Exclusive breastfeeding after born for 67.9%,exclusive breastfeeding 6 months for 13.1%.The Gesell Scales showed that the DQ of female was higher than that of male(P<0.05);The Gesell scales showed that the adaptive score and the fine motor score of exclusive breastfeeding were higher than formula feeding and mixed feeding group (P<0.05). Multivariate stepwise regression analysis showed that the duration of exclusive breastfeeding of the main factor to promote the DQ. 【Conclusion】 Prolonged exclusive breastfeeding may promote the neurobehavioral development of infants.

Knowledge of asthma and coping behavior among asthmatic school children in Xiamen

MA Jie,XU Li-xuan,LIN Shu-fen,LI Xiu-zhen

2012, 20(12): 1149-1151.

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【Objective】 To investigate the characteristics of school-age children with asthma,the degree of disease knowledge and self-management behavior,and to explore the awareness of children with asthma symptoms and self-management behavior. 【Method】 A cross-sectional descriptive study design targeted at 100 7~12 years old asthmatic children from three top three hospital pediatric asthma clinic of Xiamen city,the asthma knowledge scale "and" asthma self-management behavior scale were filled out. 【Results】 1) disease knowledge and treatment behavior-related factors as age,disease severity,showed a positive correlation.2) the disease was significantly and positively related to knowledge and self-management behavior. 【Conclusion】 It should be to strengthen the knowledge of school-age children with asthma awareness and self-processing capacity.

Value of 15 items of nervimotion exam on early diagnosis of infant cerebral palsy

REN Shi-guang,CUI Hong,LI Na,JIN Chun-hua,HAN Hui-xian

2012, 20(12): 1152-1155.

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【Objective】 To investigate the nervimotion exam focus on early diagnosis of infant cerebral palsy. 【Method】 Absorbing the quintessence from many methods and concluding from practice,the major items were summaried on early diagnosis of infant cerebral palsy. 【Results】 The 15 items of nervimotion exam were the most important exams for early diagnosis of infant cerebral palsy,which include:7 items of spontaneous posture movement and posture movement responses,dorsiflexion of foot angle,adduction angle,popliteal fossa angle,shoulder abduct angle,elbow extension angle,ankle clonus,lateral curvature reflexion,knee reflexion,examinations of posture,movement,muscular tension,dysreflexia. 【Conclusion】 The cerebral palsy tendency or cerebral palsy can be early recognized by the 15 items of nervimotion exam.

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