【Objective】 For effectively enhancing and improving children's visual function,it is important to investigate the astigmatic status and explore the basic rule of preschool children. 【Methods】 3 to 6 years old children were selected randomly from 10 kindergartens in Shenyang city by cluster sampling method.The Welch Allyn Suresight handheld vision screening instrument was applied to conduct refraction.Children's astigmatic degree and astigmatic axis were analyzed. 【Results】 Most of preschool children aged 3 to 6 years old were hyperopic,and 59.86% of them were hyperopic astigmatism; there was significant difference among the distributions of astigmatic axis in different types of astigmatisms (χ²=3 631.0,P<0.01);the astigmatisms of most hyperopic astigmatism were in the range of 0.50 to 1.00 D,nearly half of myopic astigmatisms were in the range of 1.25 to 2.00 D,the astigmatisms of mixed astigmatism were relatively high (astigmatism ≥ 3.25). 【Conclusion】 Those children with myopic astigmatism and mixed astigmatism should be focused on monitoring to prevent children from amblyopia in preschool stage.