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Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (4): 349-358.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-0279 Abstract （3264）      PDF （1552KB）（3644）       Knowledge map    Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Assessment and management of depression in adolescents LUO Xuerong, TANG Xinhai, SHEN Yanmei Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (7): 700-703.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-0694 Abstract （2079）      PDF （550KB）（194）       Knowledge map    Adolescent depression is a serious public health issue that affects the mental health of millions of adolescents nationwide. This articleoutlines the current situation of adolescent depression, the challenges in diagnosis, and then introduces the assessment process, including collecting medical history, physical examination, using scales and diagnostic tools for assessment, as well as assessing comorbidities and suicide risk. Treatment should be based on individual′s characteristics and needs, selecting appropriate treatment methods, including psychotherapy, medication, and hospitalization when necessary, inpatient treatment. Psychotherapeutic methods include cognitive-behavioral therapy and interpersonal therapy, while medication treatment requires careful selection of appropriate antidepressants and close monitoring of possible side effects. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Children's social and personality development and the influence of family upbringing DING Yanhua, FEI Zhixing Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (7): 704-708.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-0693 Abstract （1714）      PDF （743KB）（186）       Knowledge map    Children's social and personality development are influenced by the long-term interaction of nature and nurture. Family is the primary source of influence on Children's early social and personality development. The appropriate combination of two significant dimensions of family upbringing, acceptance/responsiveness and demandingness/control, is stably related to Children's good social and personality development outcomes. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation of early parent-child interaction and sleep time with emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children CAO Hui, YAN Shuangqin, GAO Guopeng, WANG Sumei, XIE Liangliang, JIANG Liu, XIE Fangfang, TAO Fangbiao Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (7): 785-789.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-1390 Abstract （1654）      PDF （546KB）（108）       Knowledge map    Objective To explore the correlation of early parent-child interaction and sleep time with emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children,in order to provide evidence for promoting the development of Children's mental health. Methods Children aged 3 years who underwent normal physical examination in Ma′anshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2019 to May 2020 were selected to collect information about parent-child interaction and sleep status through questionnaires.Emotional and behavioral problems were investigated in patients who came to the clinic for continued medical examination during the period of 5 to 7 years of age.A total of 399 valid questionnaires were collected.Pearson χ 2 test and Logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Results After adjusting for demographic information,lower score of early parent-child interaction was a risk factor for peer interaction( OR=2.30,95% CI:1.16 - 4.58) and emotional and behavioral problems( OR=2.76,95% CI:1.54 - 4.95).Children with total sleep time ＜12h/d were more likely to have peer interaction ( OR=2.26,95% CI:1.22 - 4.20) and emotional and behavioral problems ( OR=1.73,95% CI:1.04 - 2.87).Combined effect showed that children with lower score of early parent-child interaction and sleep time <12h/d had a higher risk of developing peer interaction ( OR=5.30,95% CI:1.53 - 18.27),emotional and behavioral abnormalities ( OR=6.23,95% CI:2.15 - 18.45). Conclusions Poor quality of early parent-child interaction and insufficient sleep time have adverse effects on preschool Children's emotional and behavioral problems,which should be given more attention. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification and treatment of nonsuicidal self-injury in adolescents CHA Caihui, OU Wanxing Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (7): 697-699.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-0644 Abstract （1651）      PDF （561KB）（196）       Knowledge map    Nonsuicidal self-injury, not aimed at suicide, is more common in adolescents and has various self-injury behaviors. Now there is a lack of effective prevention and treatment methods. The types of self-injury behaviors, risk factors, and the psychological needs of patients and treatment strategies are summarized in this review. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Association between body satisfaction and depressive symptoms in early adolescents YOU Lijun, ZUO Xiayun, YU Chunyan, LIAN Qiguo, FANG Yuhang, TU Xiaowen, LOU Chaohua Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (7): 713-717.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-1131 Abstract （1538）      PDF （640KB）（129）       Knowledge map    Objective To explore the association between body satisfaction and depressive symptoms among early adolescents in Shanghai, in order to provide evidence for the promotion of mental health among adolescents. Methods A total of 1 704 students from grade 6 to 8 in 3 junior middle schools in Shanghai were recruited into this study from November to December in 2017 by stratified cluster sampling method.Data were collected by anonymous self-administered electronic questionnaire, and the body satisfaction scale and depressive symptom scale were used to collect the body satisfaction and depressive symptoms of the subjects. Results The average score of body satisfaction was 23.03±4.68, ranging from 7 to 35.There were significant differences in body satisfaction score among adolescents with different genders, education level of primary caregivers and perceived academic performance ( P<0.05).The average score of depressive symptoms in adolescents was 15.94±5.05, ranging from 6 to 30.There were statistically significant differences in depressive symptoms score among adolescents with different genders, age, whether they were the only child, whether they were separated from their parents and perceived academic performance ( P<0.05).Multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that body satisfaction was negatively correlated with scores of depressive symptoms and the association was statistically significant ( β=-0.35, P<0.05).There was significant difference in the associations between body satisfaction and depressive symptom scores in adolescents of different genders (boys: β=-0.30, girls: β=-0.40), and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion There is a significant negative association between body satisfaction and depressive symptoms in early adolescence, improving body satisfaction may help reduce depressive mood in adolescents. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of lifestyle behaviors on psychological and behavioral problems among school-age children LI Wenjing, MA Qianqian, CHEN Chen, LI Jun, WU Dandan, ZENG Lingxia Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (7): 718-724.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-1250 Abstract （1487）      PDF （825KB）（118）       Knowledge map    Objective To explore the association between lifestyle and psycho-behavioral problems in school-age children,in order to provide scientific basis for the prevention of Children's behavioral problems. Methods Using stratified whole-cluster sampling,1 200 school-age children aged 9 - 13 years in Xi'an were selected for a paper questionnaire survey in May 2023.Their behavioral and emotional problems in the past six months were evaluated using the Youth Self-Report (YSR).Information on basic family situation and lifestyles was collected through self-designed questionnaires on the demographic characteristics of their families and their lifestyles.The correlation between Children's lifestyles and psycho-behavioral problems was explored and validated using the χ 2 test and binary logistic Logistic regression model. Results The detection rate of psychological and behavioral problems in school-age children in this study was 22.4% (252/1 127).Thinking problems were most prominent among the factors (14.8%),followed by social problems (10.6%).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that picking eating ( OR=4.595,95% CI:1.593 - 13.249),doing homework >3h/d ( OR=3.644,95% CI:1.640 - 8.096),and screen time >2h/d ( OR=2.691,95% CI:1.311 - 5.527) or >3h/d ( OR=3.542,95% CI:1.848 - 6.789),and never doing housework ( OR=7.477,95% CI:1.372 - 40.733) were risk factors for psychological and behavioral problems in school-age children.Occasional ( OR=0.530,95% CI:0.315 - 0.892) or frequent ( OR=0.447,95% CI:0.266 - 0.753) participation in physical activity,visiting a healthcare worker ( OR=0.205,95% CI:0.115 - 0.365) or a doctor ( OR=0.341,95% CI:0.150 - 0.772)in sick,having few illnesses in infancy and early childhood ( OR=0.435,95% CI:0.219 - 0.866),and having 4 or more good friends ( OR=0.270,95% CI:0.093 - 0.783) reduced the risk of developing psychological and behavioral problems in school-age children. Conclusions Lifestyle of school-age children is closely related to psycho-behavioral problems.Paying attention to Children's thinking and social problems,advocating scientific diet,active exercise,encouraging children to participate in household chores appropriately,reducing video screen time,and controlling undesirable habits will help improve their behavioral problems. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Impact of family harm on the development of Children's early mental cognition and social adaptability LIU Sijia, HUANG Chuican, FAN Lichun Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (7): 757-761.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-0916 Abstract （1471）      PDF （601KB）（137）       Knowledge map    Family serves as the primary context for a child′s daily life,with family harm emerging as a significant factor influencing early psychological cognitive and social adaptability development in children and adoleacents.This issue has become a serious public concern due to its potential to jeopardize the holistic well-being of children,garnering attention from scholars globally.Despite this,there remains a gap in the domestic literature regarding the comprehensive exploration of the association of family harm with the developmental aspects of early psychological cognitive and social adaptability abilities in children.The article provides a summary and review of the theories,main content,and impact on the cognitive and social adaptive development of children and adolescents regarding family harm,aiming to enhance scholars′understanding of family harm in our country and collectively promote the healthy growth of children and adolescents. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus on the construction of traditional Chinese medicine child health care specialty Child Health Care Branch of Chinese Preventive Medicine Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (5): 465-470.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-1318 Abstract （1398）      PDF （1044KB）（384）       Knowledge map    Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical intervention of language delays and language disorders LIU Xue-man Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2022, 30 (8): 813-817.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2022-0871 Abstract （1335）      PDF （1370KB）（1021）       Knowledge map    Language delays and language disorders are the most common type of childhood developmental disorders. The exploratory design and initial attempts to implement a Chinese model of an evidence-based clinical intervention pathway for language delays and language disorders were guided by the Clinical Framework of children's language development and the concept of response to intervention (RTI).The early exploratory design also incorporated China's well developed nationwide maternal and children's health care system into the internationally recognized evidence-based tertiary clinical intervention pathway to achieve some initial Results in China. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Early screening and intervention of children with developmental coordination disorder LIU Zhenhuan Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (5): 475-479.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-0280 Abstract （1217）      PDF （669KB）（231）       Knowledge map    Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with high incidence, low diagnosis rate and early onset of symptoms, which hinders thedevelopment ofphysical and mental health in children.Early identification and intervention of DCD can help reduce the lifelong adverse effects of the disease.However,general public in China still lacks awareness of this condition,and healthcare workers do not pay enough attention to the early screening and intervention of DCD.This paper summarizes the clinical characteristics, early screening and diagnosis of DCD, and expounds the clinical treatment of DCD from the two aspects of western and Chinese medicine intervention, and proposes the intervention treatment of integrated Chinese and western medicine for the first time, hoping to promote the development of early screening work, provide a new method for the research and development of DCD intervention in China, and improve the effectiveness of treatment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Communication disorders in children with autism spectrum disorder from speech language pathology perspective YANG Feng Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (3): 233-236.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-0114 Abstract （1202）      PDF （722KB）（375）       Knowledge map    Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) face varying degrees of difficulties in communication, language, and social interactions.This article analyzes the basic communication abilities, language development characteristics, and social pragmatic features of ASD children from the perspective of speech pathology, introduces corresponding assessment tools and proposes intervention strategies based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF).Meanwhile, this article emphasizes the adoption of a comprehensive intervention model that involves medical, family, and school components to enhance the communication, language, and social skills of this group comprehensively, with the aim of effectively improving their overall quality of life. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2023, 31 (6): 581-585.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-0347 Abstract （1166）      PDF （910KB）（1447）       Knowledge map    Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Report on early childhood development practices in China from a global health perspective HUANG Yangmu, DANG Yuan Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (1): 1-6.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-1344 Abstract （1090）      PDF （959KB）（336）       Knowledge map    As the health disparities among children indirectly reflect the unfair distribution of national child healthcare, education, and other infrastructure, early childhood health development is a globally significant public health concern. On a global scale, 193 countries have endorsed The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and have explored various development strategies. The government placing children's interests and their rights at the core of their efforts to achieve theSustainable Development Goals(SDGs) is essential, China has made substantial progress in improving children's well-being over several decades of continuous effort and practice. However, challenges persist, including regional development imbalances, insufficient service capabilities in impoverished rural areas, and emerging issues like obesity, myopia, and mental health problems. China still needs to meet the growing health needs of children fully. From a global health perspective, this article systematically reviews the current status of global early childhood health development, outlines the significant milestones and best practices in China's early childhood development efforts, and also anticipates the focus and challenges in early childhood development in China based on global trends, hoping to contribute to further research in this field. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress in responsive caregiving for infants and toddlers XU Yu-ying, WANG Xue-na, LI Jia, AN Zi-fen, YU Li-ping Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2023, 31 (1): 71-75.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2022-0343 Abstract （1054）      PDF （551KB）（416）       Knowledge map    Responsive caregiving plays an important role in the early development of infants and toddlers. It can not only promote brain development, emotional and language development of infants and toddlers, but also enhance parent-child attachment and promote their social development. This paper focuses on the researches on responsive caregiving for infants and toddlers at home and abroad from three aspects:measurement tools, influencing factors and intervention measures, in order to provide theoretical reference for further study of responsive caregiving for infants and toddlers. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation between deformational plagiocephaly and/or brachycephaly and motor developmental delay in infants XU Wei, HE Chengchuan, CHEN Xuejiao, HUANG Mingshou, SONG Guan Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (5): 480-483.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-0665 Abstract （1045）      PDF （592KB）（147）       Knowledge map    Objective To analyze the correlation between deformational plagiocephaly and/or brachycephaly (DPB) and motor developmental delay in infants, so as to provide theoretical basis for early motor development screening and intervention in DPB infants. Methods A total of 7 826 children aged 6 - 12 months who visited Mianyang Maternal & Child Health Care Hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 were inlcuded in this study. DPB infants were selected as the study subjects, and the prevalence rate was analyzed.2 761 DPB infants were divided into mild, moderate, and severe DPB groups, and 1 900 normal children were included as the control group. Peabody Developmental Motor Scale-2 (PDMS-2) was used to evaluate the levels of gross and fine motor development in children in each case group and control group. Univariate analysis and LSD- t test were used to analyze the differences in gross motor quotient (GMQ) and fine motor quotient (FMQ) of children in each group. χ2 test was used to analyze the rate of motor developmental delay in children in each group. Results The prevalence rate ofDPB was 35.47%. There were statistically significant differences in GMQ and FMQ among the mild DPB group, moderate DPB group, severe DPB group, and control group ( F=171.271, 194.877, P<0.05). Further statistical comparison showed that there was no statistically significant difference in GMQ and FMQ between mild DPB group and control group ( P＞0.05). The GMQ and FMQ of the moderate and severe DPB groups were significantly lower than those of the control group ( P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of developmental delay in gross and fine motor development between each case group and the control group ( χ2=7.478 , 5.777 , P＞0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of DPB in Mianyang area is relatively high, and DPB do not increase the probability of motor development delay. However, infants with moderate to severe DPB have significantly lower levels of motor development compared to healthy infants. It is recommended to screen infants with DPB as soon as possible, and conduct motor development screening and exercise promotion for infants with moderate to severe DPB. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of joint intervention in hospital-school-home model for developmental coordination disorder JIA Feiyong Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (5): 471-474.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-0281 Abstract （1031）      PDF （472KB）（134）       Knowledge map    Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a kind of movement disorder with lifelong adverse effects.According to motor learning and motor control theories, improving movement should be combined with individual, task and environment of children.Interventions for DCD children should not only be limited to the hospital, a more reasonable model should include the hospital, school and home three scenarios of combined treatment.This article expounds the importance and specific content of this intervention model, so as to provide reference for the healthy development of children with DCD. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review of diagnostic scales for the assessment of early neurodevelopment in infants and toddlers HUANG Heng-ye, YU Guang-jun Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2023, 31 (2): 162-166.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2022-0627 Abstract （896）      PDF （693KB）（549）       Knowledge map    Early infant and toddler development is a critical period in the life span of children, and preterm or high-risk infants are at a high risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. Therefore, early detection and intervention are of great importance to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants and toddlers. This review summarizes common diagnostic scales for neurodevelopmental assessment of infants and toddlers in home and abroad, especially history of evolution, current status of application, advantages and disadvantages of Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Gesell Development Schedules, Griffiths Mental Developmental Scales, and Chinese Children Development Scales, so as to provide a reference for pediatricians′ clinical work. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Reliability and validity of grammar subscale of Children's Language Development Scale CHEUNG Hin-Tat, LI Xue, LIAO Min Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2022, 30 (8): 822-827.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2022-0131 Abstract （886）      PDF （663KB）（426）       Knowledge map    Objective To evaluate the reliability and validity of grammar subscale of Children's Language Development Scale(CLDS). Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was adopted to randomly select 1 704 preschool children(including 852 boys and 852 girls) in Chengdu from December 2018 to June 2019. Children's language ability was evaluated with CLDS, then the reliability and validity of the grammar subscale of CLDS were tested. Results There were 1 701 completed Results in sum. The grammar scale contained 40 items of picture selection after listening to a sentence. Internal consistency reliability Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.834, and the half-fold reliability was 0.795. The infit and outfit MNSQ values of the subjects and the items were 1.00, 0.93 and 0.99, 0.93 respectively. The discrimination validity was 1.73, and the reliability of the scale was 0.75. The infit MNSQ values of 40 items were between 0.86 and 1.2 logits, which fitted well with the Rasch model. The difficulty value of items ranged from -2.55 to 1.82 logits, and the individual ability value was between -2.78 and 5.0 logits. Conclusions The grammar subscale of the CLDS has good reliability and validity. It can be applied to simply and effectively measure 3- to 6-year-old children's grammar development, so as to provide reference for diagnosing and treating speech and language disorders in Chinese children. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of early learning opportunities in nurturing care TONG Meiling Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (2): 117-121.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-0044 Abstract （876）      PDF （753KB）（256）       Knowledge map    Both UNICEF and WHO mention that nurturing care is the most direct and effective approach to promoting early childhood development. Nurturing care emphasizes the importance of caregivers creating a suitable nurturing environment for the early development of children to promote their health and potential. The provision of early learning opportunities is an important aspect of creating a high-quality nurturing environment. This review focuses on the importance of establishing early learning opportunities, the methods of establishing early learning environments, implementing supportive strategies, and employing relevant evaluation methods, in order to provide reference and support for the establishment of early learning opportunities in nurturing care. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chinese norm of General Physical Activity Scale for children aged 3 to 6 HE Yan-lu, YANG Zhi-yong, LIU Feng, DONG Wen-hong, KUANG Xiao-ni, ZHANG Xue-jiao, WANG Nian-rong, LUO Yan,YANG Lin, WANG Xiao-juan, WU Jian-xin, ZHANG Ting, ZHU Zong-han, WANG Jian, GUAN Hong-yan, TONG Mei-ling Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2022, 30 (6): 594-598.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2021-1495 Abstract （859）      PDF （777KB）（420）       Knowledge map    Objective To establish Chinese norm of General Physical Activity Scale for children aged 3 to 6, and to explore its cut-off score for the norm, thus to provide a practical tool for clinical application. Methods From August 2020 to May 2021, a stratified cluster sampling approach was utilized to recruit 1 616 children aged 3 to 6 years from eight cities in six major administrative regions of China. The norm distribution and scores were analyzed, and its cut-off score was discussed. Results The scores of each dimension was significantly different among eight cities( F=10.964 - 117.766, P<0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the total score of the scale is 0.937(95% CI:0.916 - 0.957). The maximum Yuden Index(YI) was 0.74, and the corresponding total score was in the 17th percentile( P 17) in the norm, with the sensitivity of 0.871 and specificity of 0.864. When P 15 (76)and P 20(80)were taken as the threshold point, the corresponding YI was 0.69 and 0.72, respectively, and the sensitivity and specificity were both above 0.8. Conclusions The norm sample of this study is representative, and the cut-off score is appropriate, which can be popularized and applied in clinic practice. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (9): 929-933.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-0988 Abstract （821）      PDF （763KB）（198）       Knowledge map    Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Nested case-control study on the risk factors and interaction analysis of positive screening for infant motor development HU Yue, BAO Zheng, WANG Ronghuan Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (5): 502-506.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-0555 Abstract （818）      PDF （1202KB）（95）       Knowledge map    Objective To identify the influencing factors of infant motor development,and to explore the potential interactive factors, so as to provide scientific basis for early prediction and targeted prevention of infant motor developmental delay. Methods Data of infants receiving "0~1 motor development screening" at 21 community health service centers in Tongzhou District, from January 1st, 2020 to August 31st, 2021 were collected through the Beijing Maternal and Child Information System.Using the method of nested case-control study, 416 infants with positive screening results were selected as case group, 416 infants with negative screening result were selected into the control group by 1∶1 case-control matching of screening age.Chi-square test, Logistic regression analysis, and Exhaustive CHAID decision tree model were used to explore the influencing factors of infant motor development, the interaction effect was investigated by using the additive and multiplicative interaction models. Results Multivariate Logistic analysis showed that birth weight<2 500g ( OR=3.28), cesarean section ( OR=1.63), outdoor activity≤ 1h/d ( OR=3.07), and no supplementation of vitamin D ( OR=2.68) were risk factors for positive screening results of infant motor development ( P＜0.01).The Exhaustive CHAID decision tree showed that low birth weight was the primary risk factor for infant with positive screening results, followed by outdoor activity, vitamin D supplementation and delivery.The interaction analysis showed that there was a multiplicative interaction ( OR=13.76, 95% CI:1.20 - 158.08) and an additive interaction ( RERI=10.22, 95% CI:5.05 - 15.38) between non supplementation of vitamin D and low birth weight on infant motor development with positive screening results. Conclusions Attention should be paid to the early motor development of infants with low birth weight and those born by cesarean section, with emphasis on the dosage of vitamin D supplementation and outdoor activity duration.Moreover, the early screening and hierarchical management of infant motor development should also be strengthened. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Early screening, diagnosis and intervention of learning disabilities in children CAO Aihua Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2023, 31 (6): 590-594.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-0498 Abstract （815）      PDF （655KB）（860）       Knowledge map    Learning disabilities are neurodevelopmental disorders, which are classified as dyslexia, dysgraphia and dyscalculia according to the DSM-5 and ICD-11. Learning disabilities have a significant impact on children's schooling, but they will not be identified until children show poor academic performance at school. Therefore, screening for learning disabilities at preschool age and early intervention is essential. This article focuses on early screening, diagnosis and comorbidity of children with learning disabilities, and summarizes the treatment of learning disabilities in children from three aspects: education, cognitive behavior and medical interventions. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Guidelines of health nurturing care for children under 3 years old (trial implementation) National Health Commission of the People′s Republic of China Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2023, 31 (1): 1-9.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2022-1446 Abstract （778）      PDF （3768KB）（970）       Knowledge map    Related Articles | Metrics

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Treatment and intervention of autism spectrum disorder in China and suggestions for further practice JING Jin Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2023, 31 (9): 939-944.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-0680 Abstract （748）      PDF （831KB）（696）       Knowledge map    Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders with unknown etiology, high heterogeneity and rapidly increasing prevalence. Early education and training is the main method of rehabilitation. The intervention for ASD in China is still developing. Various medical and rehabilitation education institutions have carried out a variety of interventions, hoping to improve the function of ASD and reduce the family and social burden caused by ASD. Based on this, this article analyzes and expounds the progress in evidence-based practice of ASD, the current situation of ASD intervention in China, the limitations and the future development direction. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Practice and prospects of integrating nurturing care and family interventions for autism spectrum disorder LI Tingyu, WEI Qiuhong, LI Yan, WEI Hua, DAI Ying, CHEN Li Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (9): 937-940.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-0682 Abstract （745）      PDF （636KB）（202）       Knowledge map    Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with increasing prevalence, posing significant challenges on families and society. As the number of children with mild symptoms and normal intellectual abilities rises, new opportunities for rehabilitation and intervention have emerged. In this context, it is crucial to explore ways to enhance parental caregiving skills to promote the recovery of ASD children. This editorial introduced a novel model that integrated caregiving into family-based interventions, particularly suited for early intervention in economically underdeveloped regions of China for children with ASD. Additionally, it provided valuable insights for resource-limited developing regions. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus on health management of children with autism spectrum disorder Specialized Committee on Prevention and Treatment of Autism of China Maternal and Child Health Research AssociationHubei Special Children Rehabilitation Association Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2025, 33 (1): 1-7.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-1398 Abstract （739）      PDF （996KB）（325）       Knowledge map    In recent years, the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has been increasing annually and has become a globally recognized public health issue. Currently, rehabilitation treatment primarily focuses on educational interventions and behavioral modifications, emphasizing core symptom training, while there is insufficient management regarding children's health status. However, the health condition of children with ASD significantly impacts their prognosis. Based on this, Specialized Committee on Prevention and Treatment of Autism of China Maternal and Child Health Research Association has led the establishment of an expert panel to develop this consensus. This consensus aims to provide guidance for medical institutions at all levels, as well as for doctors, rehabilitation therapists, teachers, and parents. It advocates for the adoption of targeted, personalized, and developmentally appropriate health management strategies and family support plans based on the foundation of rehabilitation education and training,so as to support the children with ASD to reach their maximum potential. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress in health outcomes of adverse childhood experience WANG Yi-nuo, LIU Yang, ZHUANG Xu-xiu, MA Ya-nan, WEN De-liang Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2022, 30 (6): 632-636.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2021-0023 Abstract （727）      PDF （532KB）（261）       Knowledge map    As a serious public health challenge,the health outcomes of adverse childhood experiences(ACEs)should not be underestimated.This article summarizes the outcomes of ACEsexperience from the following four aspects:mental health,physical health,sexually transmitted diseases and unsafe sexual behaviors,health risk behaviors,so as to provide reference for related studies. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (1): 7-9.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-1279 Abstract （720）      PDF （481KB）（197）       Knowledge map    Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship between responsive caregiving for infants and young children and parenting confidence among caregivers LIU Panting, ZHANG Lei, HONG Qin, CHI Xia, TONG Meiling, QIAN Jun Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (2): 133-137.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-0689 Abstract （681）      PDF （501KB）（132）       Knowledge map    Objective To investigate the current state of infant responsive caregiving and to analyze its correlation with caregiver parenting confidence, in order to provide theoretical basis for improving the level of responsive care for infants and young children. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted from October 2022 to February 2023 to select 1 028 infants and young children under 3 years old who underwent health examinations in the Department of Child Healthcare. Participants completed a general data questionnaire, the Karitane Parenting Confidence Scale, and the Infant Responsive Caregiving Scale. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis was used to investigate the related influencing factors of infant responsive care and to analyze the relationship between caregiver parenting confidence and responsive caregiving. Results The level of responsive caregiving was found to be associated with various factors such as infant age(χ 2=21.196), mode of pregnancy(Z=-2.072), history of pregnancy protection during pregnancy(Z=-4.713), history of pregnancy complications (Z=-4.504), gestational week at birth(χ 2=41.358), small for term infants(Z=-3.497), neonatal intracranial hemorrhage(Z=-5.425), neonatal hyperbilirubinemia(Z=-2.184), maternal education level(χ 2=9.419), family income(χ 2=11.211) as well as type of family (χ 2=15.360)(P < 0.05). Additionally, a significant correlation was observed between parenting confidence and responsive caregiving(r=0.421, P＜0.001). Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis revealed that caregiver parenting confidence had a significant positive effect on the level of responsive caregiving (B=0.623, P＜0.05), even after controlling for the effect of demographic factors. Conclusion The level of infant responsive caregiving is influenced by caregiver parenting confidence, and increasing caregiver parenting confidence can effectively improve the quality of responsive caregiving for infants and young children. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Efficacy of methylphenidate hydrochloride prolonged-release tablets and atomoxetine on symptoms and executive function in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder LI Yan, WEN Zhu, DENG Si-yu, JIANG Wen-qing, FAN Juan, DU Ya-song Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2022, 30 (12): 1291-1296.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2022-0284 Abstract （673）      PDF （708KB）（191）       Knowledge map    Objective To compare the improvement of symptoms and executive function of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treated with methylphenidate hydrochloride (MPH) prolonged-release tablets and atomoxetine (ATX), in order to provide more reference for clinical intervention. Methods From 2017 to 2019,children with ADHD who had not been medicated in the Pediatric and Juvenile Outpatient Clinic of the Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were selected into the study, then 64 ADHD Children were divided into MPH group and ATX group according to medication treatment strategy. Changes in symptom scores and executive function indicators were assessed at baseline, at the end of 4, 8, and 24 weeks of medication. Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Rating Scale-Ⅳ (SNAP-Ⅳ) and Conners Parents Symptom Questionnaire (PSQ) were used to evaluate symptoms. Executive function was evaluated by Stroop color-word test, Wisconsin card classification test and Digital Span test. Results Symptom scores and several core indicators of executive function improved significantly in both groups of ADHD children at the end of the 24th weekend ( P<0.05). There were no significant differences in SNAP-Ⅳ scale scores, PSQ scores, Stroop test, as well as the scores of WCST and Digital Span between the two groups at baseline, at the end of 4th week, 8th week and 24th week ( P>0.05). Conclusion Both MPH and ATX can continuously improve behavioral symptoms and executive function performance of ADHD children. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Assessment and influencing factors of bone health in children and adolescents WANG Ai, ZHOU Bingqian, YU Jian, CAO Hong Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (9): 980-983.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-0932 Abstract （667）      PDF （728KB）（136）       Knowledge map    Osteoporosis begins in childhood, and the accumulation of bone strength and bone mass during growth and development is essential for the prevention of osteoporosis and fragility fractures. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, as the preferred bone mass assessment technique for children and adolescents with osteoporosis, can be combined with clinically significant fractures to make a diagnosis of osteoporosis. Peak bone mass and bone mineral density(BMD) can be increased through intervention of factors such as physical activity, nutritional intake, medication, and lifestyle. Hospitals, families, schools, the internet and other parties should join forces to strengthen the popularization of osteoporosis knowledge and promote the disease cognition and bone protection behavior of children and adolescents. This article reviews the definition, assessment tools and influencing factors of osteoporosis in children and adolescents, so as to provide reference for promoting the prevention and intervention of osteoporosis in children and adolescents. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of parent-child interaction on early childhood development outcome CAO Hui, YAN Shuangqin, GUAN Hongyan Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2023, 31 (7): 770-774.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2022-0811 Abstract （663）      PDF （570KB）（363）       Knowledge map    Family environment plays a central role in children′s health, growth and development.Parent child interaction is an important indicator to evaluate the quality of parenting care, and high quality parent-child interaction is a key determinant of cognitive and psycho-social development.However, so far, there is still a lack of comprehensive discussion on the relationship between parent-child interaction and early childhood development outcomes in China.By searching the previous literature and analyzing researches related to parent-child interaction, this paper finds that parent-child interaction can have a positive impact on children′s cognitive function, emotional sociality, language ability and common children′s developmental behavior disorders, and parent-child interaction therapy can also produce a good intervention effect, so as to provide a new intervention path and evidence-based basis for promoting children′s early development based on parent-child interaction.In addition, it is also pointed out that more evaluation and guidance of parent-child interaction, intervention practice research of children with special developmental behavior problems need to be carried out in China in the future, so as to further promote the development of new service technologies for early childhood development in China. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2023, 31 (9): 929-934.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-0679 Abstract （655）      PDF （1156KB）（904）       Knowledge map    Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Dietary therapy and challenges for familial chylomicronemia syndrome WANG Qiao, GONG Chunxiu Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (9): 934-936.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-0894 Abstract （624）      PDF （571KB）（92）       Knowledge map    Familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by variations in the LPL gene, which codes for lipoprotein lipase, or in genes coding for proteins that regulate lipoprotein lipase activity. Markedly elevated plasma triglyceride (TG) levels (typically >10mmol/L), along with the resulting rash yellow tumor, retinal hyperlipidemia, splenomegaly, recurrent abdominal pain, and pancreatitis attacks are the main clinical manifestations of FCS. Among them, pancreatitis is the primary life-threatening complication and the main cause of reduced quality of life, with its incidence and severity clearly related to plasma TG levels. Conventional lipid-lowering drugs are typically ineffective in FCS patients. Currently, a long-term strict very low-fat diet is the main treatment for this disease. This usually involves reducing dietary fat intake to 10% - 15% of total energy needs while ensuring adequate intake of essential fatty acids. Dietary management can rapidly lower plasma TG levels and effectively prevent complications related to hypertriglyceridemia. However, maintaining and adhering to such a strict very low-fat diet regimen over the long term remains challenging. Surveys have shown that a large part of patients face psychological and social support issues. Therefore, the treatment of FCS requires interdisciplinary collaboration in pharmacology, genetics, nutrition, psychology, and other fields. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Responsive care in early childhood development nurturing care systems NI Xue-fei, FAN Li-chun Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2023, 31 (1): 62-65.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2022-0049 Abstract （622）      PDF （586KB）（525）       Knowledge map    The early childhood development nurturing care consists of five major contents:child health, adequate nutrition, safety and security, responsive care and early learning opportunities. Among them, responsive care is an important way to promote early childhood development. This article summarizes and reviews the connotation, challenges, implementation and evaluation of responsive care, and explores the influence of responsive care on early childhood development. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Status of vitamin A, vitamin D and comorbidity of both deficiency in Chinese children YIN Shian, YANG Zhenyu Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (3): 301-306.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-0146 Abstract （613）      PDF （617KB）（496）       Knowledge map    Vitamin A and vitamin D deficiencies or insufficiencies in children remain global public health problems. The deficiencies of both vitamin A and vitamin D exist in Chinese children, the deficiency of vitamin A is mainly marginal (about 30%) in children aged 0 - 12 years.Vitamin D deficiency and prevalence are common in healthy children aged 0 - 18 years, among which the severe deficiency rate is 2.46%, the deficiency rate is 21.57%, and the marginal deficiency rate is 28.71%.The deficiency rate gradually increases with the increase of age.Since the respective bioactive metabolites of vitamin A and vitamin D, retinoic acid and 1 and 25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 have hormone-like properties, and both metabolites are synthesized from their vitamin precursors by different tissues and cells in the body, there may be a synergistic effect between both on target cells remotely by binding to nuclear hormone receptors.A high proportion of concurrent vitamin A and vitamin D deficiencies (comorbidities) in malnourished children under 5 years of age in low- and middle-income countries and poor areas will affect the immune response in a highly specific way, in addition to causing growth and developmental disorders (e.g., growth retardation, motor retardation), it also increases susceptibility to infectious diseases (e.g., recurrent respiratory infections, diarrhea), allergic diseases (e.g., asthma, atopic dermatitis), and neurodevelopmental disorders (touretic disorder, autism spectrum disorder).Therefore, children in the period of growth and development may benefit from supplementing with vitamin A and vitamin D. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preliminary study on the reliability and validity of the Chinese Version ofParent-Child Interaction Feeding Scale JIA Ni, XU Meng-xue, DING Mei-qi, YAN Shuang-qin, ZHANG Qing-lan, WANG Bao-zhen, LI Yuan-yuan, GUAN Hong-yan Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2022, 30 (8): 839-844.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2021-1244 Abstract （606）      PDF （667KB）（288）       Knowledge map    Objective To introduce Nursing Child Interaction (PCI) Feeding Scale into China, and to assess the reliability and validity of PCI Feeding Scale in Chinese parent-child dyads. Methods Under the recommended steps by the International Testing Committee, PCI Feeding Scale was translated, then Chinese Version of Parent-Child Interaction Feeding Scale (PCI-FS-C) was developed. From June 2018 to January 2019, 310 parent-child dyads from four hospitals in Beijing, Yinchuan, Lanzhou and Maanshan were selected by convenience sampling, and PCI-FS-C was adopted to code their feeding interaction. Reliability was evaluated by internal consistency (Cronbach's α coefficient) and test-retest reliability (inter-item consistency) conducted with 10% of the samples randomly selected. Six samples were selected to evaluate rater reliability. Chinese Version of Infant-Toddler Home Observation Measurement of the Environment (IT-HOME-C) was used to exam the concurrent validity by Spearman correlation in 41 samples. Multivariate linear regression was used to evaluate discriminant validity. Results Totally 273valid mother-infant dyads were included in this study. The Cronbach's α coefficients of total score, caregiver and infant subscale scores were 0.846, 0.805 and 0.690, respectively. Both caregiver subscale ( r=0.778) and PCI-FS-C ( r=0.847) had excellent test-retest reliability, while the infant subcale showed acceptable test-retest reliability ( r=0.480) ( P< 0.01). For rater reliability, the Kendall coefficient of PCI-FS-C was 0.860. PCI-FS-C, caregiver subscale and infant subscale were moderately associated with IT-HOME-C ( r=0.526, 0.506, 0.427, P＜0.05). After controlling for mixed factors, there were significant differences among different age groups in PCI-FS-C, caregiver subscale and infant subscale ( b=3.24, 2.31, 0.92). Conclusions PCI-FS-C is a valid assessment for Chinese mother-infants, which fills the gap for assessment using an Objective measurement of caregiver/parent-child interaction in China. Enlarged sample size is suggested for culture-adapted study in future. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Systematic review of the prevalence and risk factors of tic disorders in Chinese children JIANG Yanlin, ZHANG Qiang, ZHAI Rui, PENG Yaqi, TAI Ran, WANG Junhong Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2023, 31 (6): 661-667.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2022-1258 Abstract （604）      PDF （1210KB）（246）       Knowledge map    Objective To systematically retrieved the relevant data and analyze the prevalence and risk factors of tic disorders (TD) in China,in order to provide data reference for further study of TD. Methods A literature search of the CNKI, VIP, SinoMed, WanFang Data, PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases for relevant observational studies, published from database inception to October 2022, was performed. Literature screening, data extraction and evaluation of risk of bias were independently conducted by two researchers. Data analysis was performed using R software. Results Forty-five studies, including 271 172 children and 10 594 TD children, were included in the Meta-analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of TD in China was 2.68% (95% CI:1.47% - 4.83%). Meta-regression analysis revealed that diagnostic criteria were the main source of study heterogeneity. The pooled prevalence of the TD subgroup, defined according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-Ⅳ) , was 1.22% (95% CI:0.79% - 1.86%) and its prevalence in males and females was 1.67% (95% CI:0.91% - 3.04%) and 1.21% (95% CI:0.83% - 1.78%), respectively. Factors associated with TD included preterm birth, abnormal birth weight, neonatal jaundice, other perinatal factors, poor dietary habits, excessive use of electronic devices, history of high fever or febrile convulsions, recurrent respiratory infection, rhinopathy or asthma, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder or other neurological comorbidities, sleep disorder, family history, psychiatric abnormality during pregnancy, corporal punishment, spoil, single-parent families, emotional lability, and high stress levels. Conclusions The prevalence of TD in China is similar to that in other countries, and males are more prevalent than females. The occurrence of TD is closely related to perinatal factors, chronic respiratory disease, and family stability. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics