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Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (4): 349-358.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-0279 Abstract （5476）      PDF （1552KB）（5462）       Knowledge map    Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Assessment and management of depression in adolescents LUO Xuerong, TANG Xinhai, SHEN Yanmei Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (7): 700-703.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-0694 Abstract （2500）      PDF （550KB）（528）       Knowledge map    Adolescent depression is a serious public health issue that affects the mental health of millions of adolescents nationwide. This articleoutlines the current situation of adolescent depression, the challenges in diagnosis, and then introduces the assessment process, including collecting medical history, physical examination, using scales and diagnostic tools for assessment, as well as assessing comorbidities and suicide risk. Treatment should be based on individual′s characteristics and needs, selecting appropriate treatment methods, including psychotherapy, medication, and hospitalization when necessary, inpatient treatment. Psychotherapeutic methods include cognitive-behavioral therapy and interpersonal therapy, while medication treatment requires careful selection of appropriate antidepressants and close monitoring of possible side effects. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification and treatment of nonsuicidal self-injury in adolescents CHA Caihui, OU Wanxing Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (7): 697-699.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-0644 Abstract （2104）      PDF （561KB）（334）       Knowledge map    Nonsuicidal self-injury, not aimed at suicide, is more common in adolescents and has various self-injury behaviors. Now there is a lack of effective prevention and treatment methods. The types of self-injury behaviors, risk factors, and the psychological needs of patients and treatment strategies are summarized in this review. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Health report, prevention and control strategies for childhood obesity in China HONG Ye, FU Junfen Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2025, 33 (2): 117-126.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2025-0003 Abstract （2051）      PDF （2428KB）（1348）       Knowledge map    The prevalence of overweight and obesity among Chinese children and adolescents has been rising over the past years, varying by age, geographical location and rural/urban areas. Primary school students have the highest prevalence of obesity, who need sufficient guidance of healthy living. The northern regions maintain the highest level of childhood obesity, but have shown a stable trend in recent years. Meanwhile, the prevalence of childhood obesity in eastern regions has risen dramatically. In both urban and rural areas, the prevalence of childhood obesity has been increasing, and the growth rate in rural areas is greater, possibly leading to a reversal between urban and rural areas in the future. The interaction of national and social environments, school and family factors, individual elements have promoted overweight and obesity in Chinese youth. The impacts of migration on regional obesity increase cannot be ignored. Lockdown and staying at home due to COVID-19 have triggered long-term influence on children′s health. The prevention and control of obesity among Chinese children and adolescents is challenging. National policies and academic regulations have been issued by government and organizations. Schools, families, communities and individuals should communicate and cooperate with each other to execute comprehensive prevention and control of obesity among children and adolescents in a systematic perspective. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Children's social and personality development and the influence of family upbringing DING Yanhua, FEI Zhixing Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (7): 704-708.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-0693 Abstract （2047）      PDF （743KB）（258）       Knowledge map    Children's social and personality development are influenced by the long-term interaction of nature and nurture. Family is the primary source of influence on Children's early social and personality development. The appropriate combination of two significant dimensions of family upbringing, acceptance/responsiveness and demandingness/control, is stably related to Children's good social and personality development outcomes. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development and application of a Social-Emotional and Communicative Assessment Scale for preschool children in China WANG Jingtao, WU Qian, WEI Wenfei, DONG Kena, WANG Lin, LIU Ling, ZHU Zhongliang, LU Yushan, LI Hui Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (7): 732-738.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-0923 Abstract （1928）      PDF （728KB）（433）       Knowledge map    Objective To develop the Chinese Preschool Children Social Emotional and Communication Development Assessment Scale (CSECA), and to test its reliability and validity, in order to provide an objective standard for early intervention in clinical child care and mental health. Methods The scale development followed internationally recognized procedures and sampled 2 009 children aged 3 - 6 from Xi'an, Foshan, Jiujiang, and Tianshui using convenience sampling from December 2021 to December 2022. Then initial items were generated through interviews, and factor analysis was utilized for item screening and validity testing. Criterion-related validity was assessed through using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) as a criterion measure. Results 1) The scale included five dimensions: sense of control, autonomy, emotional management, social skills, and emotional responsiveness, then the scale was divided into four subscales with 22, 24, 26, and 29 items, respectively. All subscales demonstrated good content validity, structural validity, and criterion validity, with cumulative variance contributions ranging from 57.80% to 66.58%. 2) The overall Cronbach′s α coefficients for the subscales ranged from 0.81 to 0.90, with individual dimension coefficients being 0.71 - 0.90. Criterion-related validity of CSECA varied from 0.573 to 0.849. Test-retest reliability for total scores of subscales was 0.78 - 0.89, and 0.51 - 0.58 for dimensions. 3) Scoring standards were categorized into four levels based on percentile ranges: < P 10, P 10 - P 50, P 50 - P 90, and > P 90, which were classified as low, general, good, and excellent level, respectively. 4) The positive rates of early warning signs for social emotional and communication skills were 9.38% for 3-year-old children, 29.44% for 4-year-old children, 11.80% for 5-year-old children, and 8.23% for 6-year-old children, with 4-year-old children displaying a notably higher detection rate in social emotions compared to other age groups. Conclusion The CSECA scale is successfully established and initially applied in clinical settings, which demonstrated a stable factor structure and good reliability and validity. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation of early parent-child interaction and sleep time with emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children CAO Hui, YAN Shuangqin, GAO Guopeng, WANG Sumei, XIE Liangliang, JIANG Liu, XIE Fangfang, TAO Fangbiao Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (7): 785-789.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-1390 Abstract （1874）      PDF （546KB）（216）       Knowledge map    Objective To explore the correlation of early parent-child interaction and sleep time with emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children,in order to provide evidence for promoting the development of Children's mental health. Methods Children aged 3 years who underwent normal physical examination in Ma′anshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2019 to May 2020 were selected to collect information about parent-child interaction and sleep status through questionnaires.Emotional and behavioral problems were investigated in patients who came to the clinic for continued medical examination during the period of 5 to 7 years of age.A total of 399 valid questionnaires were collected.Pearson χ 2 test and Logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Results After adjusting for demographic information,lower score of early parent-child interaction was a risk factor for peer interaction( OR=2.30,95% CI:1.16 - 4.58) and emotional and behavioral problems( OR=2.76,95% CI:1.54 - 4.95).Children with total sleep time ＜12h/d were more likely to have peer interaction ( OR=2.26,95% CI:1.22 - 4.20) and emotional and behavioral problems ( OR=1.73,95% CI:1.04 - 2.87).Combined effect showed that children with lower score of early parent-child interaction and sleep time <12h/d had a higher risk of developing peer interaction ( OR=5.30,95% CI:1.53 - 18.27),emotional and behavioral abnormalities ( OR=6.23,95% CI:2.15 - 18.45). Conclusions Poor quality of early parent-child interaction and insufficient sleep time have adverse effects on preschool Children's emotional and behavioral problems,which should be given more attention. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus on the construction of traditional Chinese medicine child health care specialty Child Health Care Branch of Chinese Preventive Medicine Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (5): 465-470.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-1318 Abstract （1766）      PDF （1044KB）（491）       Knowledge map    Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Association between body satisfaction and depressive symptoms in early adolescents YOU Lijun, ZUO Xiayun, YU Chunyan, LIAN Qiguo, FANG Yuhang, TU Xiaowen, LOU Chaohua Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (7): 713-717.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-1131 Abstract （1735）      PDF （640KB）（229）       Knowledge map    Objective To explore the association between body satisfaction and depressive symptoms among early adolescents in Shanghai, in order to provide evidence for the promotion of mental health among adolescents. Methods A total of 1 704 students from grade 6 to 8 in 3 junior middle schools in Shanghai were recruited into this study from November to December in 2017 by stratified cluster sampling method.Data were collected by anonymous self-administered electronic questionnaire, and the body satisfaction scale and depressive symptom scale were used to collect the body satisfaction and depressive symptoms of the subjects. Results The average score of body satisfaction was 23.03±4.68, ranging from 7 to 35.There were significant differences in body satisfaction score among adolescents with different genders, education level of primary caregivers and perceived academic performance ( P<0.05).The average score of depressive symptoms in adolescents was 15.94±5.05, ranging from 6 to 30.There were statistically significant differences in depressive symptoms score among adolescents with different genders, age, whether they were the only child, whether they were separated from their parents and perceived academic performance ( P<0.05).Multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that body satisfaction was negatively correlated with scores of depressive symptoms and the association was statistically significant ( β=-0.35, P<0.05).There was significant difference in the associations between body satisfaction and depressive symptom scores in adolescents of different genders (boys: β=-0.30, girls: β=-0.40), and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion There is a significant negative association between body satisfaction and depressive symptoms in early adolescence, improving body satisfaction may help reduce depressive mood in adolescents. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Impact of family harm on the development of Children's early mental cognition and social adaptability LIU Sijia, HUANG Chuican, FAN Lichun Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (7): 757-761.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-0916 Abstract （1733）      PDF （601KB）（266）       Knowledge map    Family serves as the primary context for a child′s daily life,with family harm emerging as a significant factor influencing early psychological cognitive and social adaptability development in children and adoleacents.This issue has become a serious public concern due to its potential to jeopardize the holistic well-being of children,garnering attention from scholars globally.Despite this,there remains a gap in the domestic literature regarding the comprehensive exploration of the association of family harm with the developmental aspects of early psychological cognitive and social adaptability abilities in children.The article provides a summary and review of the theories,main content,and impact on the cognitive and social adaptive development of children and adolescents regarding family harm,aiming to enhance scholars′understanding of family harm in our country and collectively promote the healthy growth of children and adolescents. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of lifestyle behaviors on psychological and behavioral problems among school-age children LI Wenjing, MA Qianqian, CHEN Chen, LI Jun, WU Dandan, ZENG Lingxia Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (7): 718-724.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-1250 Abstract （1674）      PDF （825KB）（250）       Knowledge map    Objective To explore the association between lifestyle and psycho-behavioral problems in school-age children,in order to provide scientific basis for the prevention of Children's behavioral problems. Methods Using stratified whole-cluster sampling,1 200 school-age children aged 9 - 13 years in Xi'an were selected for a paper questionnaire survey in May 2023.Their behavioral and emotional problems in the past six months were evaluated using the Youth Self-Report (YSR).Information on basic family situation and lifestyles was collected through self-designed questionnaires on the demographic characteristics of their families and their lifestyles.The correlation between Children's lifestyles and psycho-behavioral problems was explored and validated using the χ 2 test and binary logistic Logistic regression model. Results The detection rate of psychological and behavioral problems in school-age children in this study was 22.4% (252/1 127).Thinking problems were most prominent among the factors (14.8%),followed by social problems (10.6%).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that picking eating ( OR=4.595,95% CI:1.593 - 13.249),doing homework >3h/d ( OR=3.644,95% CI:1.640 - 8.096),and screen time >2h/d ( OR=2.691,95% CI:1.311 - 5.527) or >3h/d ( OR=3.542,95% CI:1.848 - 6.789),and never doing housework ( OR=7.477,95% CI:1.372 - 40.733) were risk factors for psychological and behavioral problems in school-age children.Occasional ( OR=0.530,95% CI:0.315 - 0.892) or frequent ( OR=0.447,95% CI:0.266 - 0.753) participation in physical activity,visiting a healthcare worker ( OR=0.205,95% CI:0.115 - 0.365) or a doctor ( OR=0.341,95% CI:0.150 - 0.772)in sick,having few illnesses in infancy and early childhood ( OR=0.435,95% CI:0.219 - 0.866),and having 4 or more good friends ( OR=0.270,95% CI:0.093 - 0.783) reduced the risk of developing psychological and behavioral problems in school-age children. Conclusions Lifestyle of school-age children is closely related to psycho-behavioral problems.Paying attention to Children's thinking and social problems,advocating scientific diet,active exercise,encouraging children to participate in household chores appropriately,reducing video screen time,and controlling undesirable habits will help improve their behavioral problems. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2023, 31 (6): 581-585.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-0347 Abstract （1598）      PDF （910KB）（1635）       Knowledge map    Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus on health management of children with autism spectrum disorder Specialized Committee on Prevention and Treatment of Autism of China Maternal and Child Health Research AssociationHubei Special Children Rehabilitation Association Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2025, 33 (1): 1-7.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-1398 Abstract （1543）      PDF （997KB）（725）       Knowledge map    In recent years, the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has been increasing annually and has become a globally recognized public health issue. Currently, rehabilitation treatment primarily focuses on educational interventions and behavioral modifications, emphasizing core symptom training, while there is insufficient management regarding children's health status. However, the health condition of children with ASD significantly impacts their prognosis. Based on this, Specialized Committee on Prevention and Treatment of Autism of China Maternal and Child Health Research Association has led the establishment of an expert panel to develop this consensus. This consensus aims to provide guidance for medical institutions at all levels, as well as for doctors, rehabilitation therapists, teachers, and parents. It advocates for the adoption of targeted, personalized, and developmentally appropriate health management strategies and family support plans based on the foundation of rehabilitation education and training,so as to support the children with ASD to reach their maximum potential. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress in responsive caregiving for infants and toddlers XU Yu-ying, WANG Xue-na, LI Jia, AN Zi-fen, YU Li-ping Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2023, 31 (1): 71-75.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2022-0343 Abstract （1498）      PDF （551KB）（518）       Knowledge map    Responsive caregiving plays an important role in the early development of infants and toddlers. It can not only promote brain development, emotional and language development of infants and toddlers, but also enhance parent-child attachment and promote their social development. This paper focuses on the researches on responsive caregiving for infants and toddlers at home and abroad from three aspects:measurement tools, influencing factors and intervention measures, in order to provide theoretical reference for further study of responsive caregiving for infants and toddlers. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Early screening and intervention of children with developmental coordination disorder LIU Zhenhuan Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (5): 475-479.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-0280 Abstract （1488）      PDF （669KB）（441）       Knowledge map    Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with high incidence, low diagnosis rate and early onset of symptoms, which hinders thedevelopment ofphysical and mental health in children.Early identification and intervention of DCD can help reduce the lifelong adverse effects of the disease.However,general public in China still lacks awareness of this condition,and healthcare workers do not pay enough attention to the early screening and intervention of DCD.This paper summarizes the clinical characteristics, early screening and diagnosis of DCD, and expounds the clinical treatment of DCD from the two aspects of western and Chinese medicine intervention, and proposes the intervention treatment of integrated Chinese and western medicine for the first time, hoping to promote the development of early screening work, provide a new method for the research and development of DCD intervention in China, and improve the effectiveness of treatment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Communication disorders in children with autism spectrum disorder from speech language pathology perspective YANG Feng Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (3): 233-236.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-0114 Abstract （1412）      PDF （722KB）（475）       Knowledge map    Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) face varying degrees of difficulties in communication, language, and social interactions.This article analyzes the basic communication abilities, language development characteristics, and social pragmatic features of ASD children from the perspective of speech pathology, introduces corresponding assessment tools and proposes intervention strategies based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF).Meanwhile, this article emphasizes the adoption of a comprehensive intervention model that involves medical, family, and school components to enhance the communication, language, and social skills of this group comprehensively, with the aim of effectively improving their overall quality of life. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Report on early childhood development practices in China from a global health perspective HUANG Yangmu, DANG Yuan Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (1): 1-6.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-1344 Abstract （1357）      PDF （959KB）（501）       Knowledge map    As the health disparities among children indirectly reflect the unfair distribution of national child healthcare, education, and other infrastructure, early childhood health development is a globally significant public health concern. On a global scale, 193 countries have endorsed The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and have explored various development strategies. The government placing children's interests and their rights at the core of their efforts to achieve theSustainable Development Goals(SDGs) is essential, China has made substantial progress in improving children's well-being over several decades of continuous effort and practice. However, challenges persist, including regional development imbalances, insufficient service capabilities in impoverished rural areas, and emerging issues like obesity, myopia, and mental health problems. China still needs to meet the growing health needs of children fully. From a global health perspective, this article systematically reviews the current status of global early childhood health development, outlines the significant milestones and best practices in China's early childhood development efforts, and also anticipates the focus and challenges in early childhood development in China based on global trends, hoping to contribute to further research in this field. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Meta-analysis of effect of calcium supplementation on children's height WU Huahong, SHU Wen, YU Chengdong, ZHANG Yaqin, WU Ting, ZONG Xinnan Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (11): 1246-1251.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-0189 Abstract （1305）      PDF （3354KB）（376）       Knowledge map    Objective To explore the effect of calcium supplementation on children's height, in order to provide reference for scientific supplementation of calcium. Methods PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang Data database were searched for randomized controlled trials on the effect of calcium supplementation on children's height. Papers published from the establishment of these databases to November 6th, 2023 were extracted. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 software, and the quality of the articles was assessed using the Cochrane bias assessment tool in this software. The study subjects were divided into three subgroups according to age (<6 years old, 6 - 12 years old and >12 years old) for subgroup analysis. According to whether the calcium intake reached recommended intake dose, the study subjects were also divided into three groups for subgroup analysis: "both inadequate before and after intervention", " inadequate before and adequate after ", and "adequate before to excessive after". Results A total of 12 randomized controlled trials were included in this Meta-analysis. The overall meta-analysis results showed that the difference in height increment between the calcium supplementation group and the control group was 0.21cm (95% CI: -0.09 to 0.52), but the difference was not statistically significant ( P=0.17). Subgroup analysis showed that there was no statistical differences in height increment between the calcium supplementation and control group in different age groups ( P>0.05). Among different calcium intake dose groups, only in the "inadequate before and adequate after" group, children in the calcium supplementation group had a significantly higher height increment than control group, with a difference of 0.48cm (95% CI: 0.09 - 0.87, P=0.02), while there was no significant difference in height increments between the calcium supplementation and control group in the other two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions For children with insufficient calcium intake, adequate calcium supplementation can promote their height growth. While for those with sufficient calcium intake, excessive calcium supplementation has no significant effect on height. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Early screening, diagnosis and intervention of learning disabilities in children CAO Aihua Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2023, 31 (6): 590-594.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-0498 Abstract （1273）      PDF （655KB）（1126）       Knowledge map    Learning disabilities are neurodevelopmental disorders, which are classified as dyslexia, dysgraphia and dyscalculia according to the DSM-5 and ICD-11. Learning disabilities have a significant impact on children's schooling, but they will not be identified until children show poor academic performance at school. Therefore, screening for learning disabilities at preschool age and early intervention is essential. This article focuses on early screening, diagnosis and comorbidity of children with learning disabilities, and summarizes the treatment of learning disabilities in children from three aspects: education, cognitive behavior and medical interventions. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review of diagnostic scales for the assessment of early neurodevelopment in infants and toddlers HUANG Heng-ye, YU Guang-jun Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2023, 31 (2): 162-166.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2022-0627 Abstract （1252）      PDF （693KB）（716）       Knowledge map    Early infant and toddler development is a critical period in the life span of children, and preterm or high-risk infants are at a high risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. Therefore, early detection and intervention are of great importance to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants and toddlers. This review summarizes common diagnostic scales for neurodevelopmental assessment of infants and toddlers in home and abroad, especially history of evolution, current status of application, advantages and disadvantages of Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Gesell Development Schedules, Griffiths Mental Developmental Scales, and Chinese Children Development Scales, so as to provide a reference for pediatricians′ clinical work. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Treatment and intervention of autism spectrum disorder in China and suggestions for further practice JING Jin Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2023, 31 (9): 939-944.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-0680 Abstract （1226）      PDF （831KB）（943）       Knowledge map    Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders with unknown etiology, high heterogeneity and rapidly increasing prevalence. Early education and training is the main method of rehabilitation. The intervention for ASD in China is still developing. Various medical and rehabilitation education institutions have carried out a variety of interventions, hoping to improve the function of ASD and reduce the family and social burden caused by ASD. Based on this, this article analyzes and expounds the progress in evidence-based practice of ASD, the current situation of ASD intervention in China, the limitations and the future development direction. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation between deformational plagiocephaly and/or brachycephaly and motor developmental delay in infants XU Wei, HE Chengchuan, CHEN Xuejiao, HUANG Mingshou, SONG Guan Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (5): 480-483.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-0665 Abstract （1220）      PDF （592KB）（255）       Knowledge map    Objective To analyze the correlation between deformational plagiocephaly and/or brachycephaly (DPB) and motor developmental delay in infants, so as to provide theoretical basis for early motor development screening and intervention in DPB infants. Methods A total of 7 826 children aged 6 - 12 months who visited Mianyang Maternal & Child Health Care Hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 were inlcuded in this study. DPB infants were selected as the study subjects, and the prevalence rate was analyzed.2 761 DPB infants were divided into mild, moderate, and severe DPB groups, and 1 900 normal children were included as the control group. Peabody Developmental Motor Scale-2 (PDMS-2) was used to evaluate the levels of gross and fine motor development in children in each case group and control group. Univariate analysis and LSD- t test were used to analyze the differences in gross motor quotient (GMQ) and fine motor quotient (FMQ) of children in each group. χ2 test was used to analyze the rate of motor developmental delay in children in each group. Results The prevalence rate ofDPB was 35.47%. There were statistically significant differences in GMQ and FMQ among the mild DPB group, moderate DPB group, severe DPB group, and control group ( F=171.271, 194.877, P<0.05). Further statistical comparison showed that there was no statistically significant difference in GMQ and FMQ between mild DPB group and control group ( P＞0.05). The GMQ and FMQ of the moderate and severe DPB groups were significantly lower than those of the control group ( P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of developmental delay in gross and fine motor development between each case group and the control group ( χ2=7.478 , 5.777 , P＞0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of DPB in Mianyang area is relatively high, and DPB do not increase the probability of motor development delay. However, infants with moderate to severe DPB have significantly lower levels of motor development compared to healthy infants. It is recommended to screen infants with DPB as soon as possible, and conduct motor development screening and exercise promotion for infants with moderate to severe DPB. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of joint intervention in hospital-school-home model for developmental coordination disorder JIA Feiyong Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (5): 471-474.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-0281 Abstract （1165）      PDF （472KB）（196）       Knowledge map    Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a kind of movement disorder with lifelong adverse effects.According to motor learning and motor control theories, improving movement should be combined with individual, task and environment of children.Interventions for DCD children should not only be limited to the hospital, a more reasonable model should include the hospital, school and home three scenarios of combined treatment.This article expounds the importance and specific content of this intervention model, so as to provide reference for the healthy development of children with DCD. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of parent-child interaction on early childhood development outcome CAO Hui, YAN Shuangqin, GUAN Hongyan Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2023, 31 (7): 770-774.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2022-0811 Abstract （1154）      PDF （570KB）（532）       Knowledge map    Family environment plays a central role in children′s health, growth and development.Parent child interaction is an important indicator to evaluate the quality of parenting care, and high quality parent-child interaction is a key determinant of cognitive and psycho-social development.However, so far, there is still a lack of comprehensive discussion on the relationship between parent-child interaction and early childhood development outcomes in China.By searching the previous literature and analyzing researches related to parent-child interaction, this paper finds that parent-child interaction can have a positive impact on children′s cognitive function, emotional sociality, language ability and common children′s developmental behavior disorders, and parent-child interaction therapy can also produce a good intervention effect, so as to provide a new intervention path and evidence-based basis for promoting children′s early development based on parent-child interaction.In addition, it is also pointed out that more evaluation and guidance of parent-child interaction, intervention practice research of children with special developmental behavior problems need to be carried out in China in the future, so as to further promote the development of new service technologies for early childhood development in China. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the correlation between home rearing environment and social emotional competence of infants and toddlers XU Yuying, GUO Chenming, MEI Fangxuan, ZHANG Xi, YU Liping, DONG Jiali Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (5): 559-565.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-0892 Abstract （1151）      PDF （645KB）（311）       Knowledge map    Objective To understand the current situation of social emotional competence of infants and toddlers, and analyze its relationship with home rearing environment, in order to provide the basis for improving the level of infant social emotional development. Method A study was conducted on 390 individuals from a child health institution in Hubei and Henan provinces.The "Infant and Toddler Social-Emotional Assessment Scale" and "1 - 3Years Child Home Rearing Environment Scale" were used to investigate the social emotions ability and home rearing environment of infants and toddlers. Results A total of 390 valid questionnaires were collected in this survey, of which 199 were boys (51.0%) and 191 girls (49.0%).The average age of infants was (27.13±6.86)months.The age distribution is mainly among infants and young children aged 24 to 36 months, with a total of 305 people (78.2%).The caregiver′s registered residence ( Z=-3.570), father′s education level ( H=17.106), mother′s education level ( H=7.980), per capita monthly income of the family ( H=13.986), and the home rearing environment ( Z=-8.881) had statistical significance on the social emotional competence of infants( P<0.05 or <0.01).There was a significant positive correlation between family rearing environment and infants′ social emotion ( r=0.582, P<0.01).Multiple regression analysis showed that the social adaptation/self-care( β=0.30,95% CI:0.18 - 0.52, P<0.01)and language cognition dimensions( β=0.22,95% CI:0.07 - 0.59, P<0.05) in the home rearing environment had a statistically significant impact on the social emotional ability of infants and toddlers. Conclusion The home rearing environment is closely related to the social emotional development of infants and young children.Improve the parenting knowledge and skills of the main caregivers of infants and young children, build a good family rearing environment for infants and young children, which is beneficial to promote the development of children′s social emotions. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Guidelines of health nurturing care for children under 3 years old (trial implementation) National Health Commission of the People′s Republic of China Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2023, 31 (1): 1-9.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2022-1446 Abstract （1138）      PDF （3768KB）（1082）       Knowledge map    Related Articles | Metrics

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Systematic review of the prevalence and risk factors of tic disorders in Chinese children JIANG Yanlin, ZHANG Qiang, ZHAI Rui, PENG Yaqi, TAI Ran, WANG Junhong Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2023, 31 (6): 661-667.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2022-1258 Abstract （1129）      PDF （1210KB）（454）       Knowledge map    Objective To systematically retrieved the relevant data and analyze the prevalence and risk factors of tic disorders (TD) in China,in order to provide data reference for further study of TD. Methods A literature search of the CNKI, VIP, SinoMed, WanFang Data, PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases for relevant observational studies, published from database inception to October 2022, was performed. Literature screening, data extraction and evaluation of risk of bias were independently conducted by two researchers. Data analysis was performed using R software. Results Forty-five studies, including 271 172 children and 10 594 TD children, were included in the Meta-analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of TD in China was 2.68% (95% CI:1.47% - 4.83%). Meta-regression analysis revealed that diagnostic criteria were the main source of study heterogeneity. The pooled prevalence of the TD subgroup, defined according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-Ⅳ) , was 1.22% (95% CI:0.79% - 1.86%) and its prevalence in males and females was 1.67% (95% CI:0.91% - 3.04%) and 1.21% (95% CI:0.83% - 1.78%), respectively. Factors associated with TD included preterm birth, abnormal birth weight, neonatal jaundice, other perinatal factors, poor dietary habits, excessive use of electronic devices, history of high fever or febrile convulsions, recurrent respiratory infection, rhinopathy or asthma, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder or other neurological comorbidities, sleep disorder, family history, psychiatric abnormality during pregnancy, corporal punishment, spoil, single-parent families, emotional lability, and high stress levels. Conclusions The prevalence of TD in China is similar to that in other countries, and males are more prevalent than females. The occurrence of TD is closely related to perinatal factors, chronic respiratory disease, and family stability. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Early identification and treatment of emotion-related mental disorders in children and adolescents JIN Yu Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2023, 31 (12): 1280-1285.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-1195 Abstract （1104）      PDF （833KB）（591）       Knowledge map    It has been found that children and adolescents are highly susceptible to emotion-related mental disorders such as anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, bipolar and related disorder. If left untreated, it may severely impact the normal functioning of individuals, family and society, indicating the importance of early detection and interventionin preventing and treatingchildren and adolescents who are at high risk for emotion-related mental disorders. This article reviews different types and risk factors of emotion-related mental disorders in biological, family and school contexts, and identifies effective early detection methods and intervention strategies for children and adolescents with emotion-related mental disorders.Further implications and recommendations for early detection and intervention are also discussed. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of early learning opportunities in nurturing care TONG Meiling Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (2): 117-121.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-0044 Abstract （1100）      PDF （754KB）（449）       Knowledge map    Both UNICEF and WHO mention that nurturing care is the most direct and effective approach to promoting early childhood development. Nurturing care emphasizes the importance of caregivers creating a suitable nurturing environment for the early development of children to promote their health and potential. The provision of early learning opportunities is an important aspect of creating a high-quality nurturing environment. This review focuses on the importance of establishing early learning opportunities, the methods of establishing early learning environments, implementing supportive strategies, and employing relevant evaluation methods, in order to provide reference and support for the establishment of early learning opportunities in nurturing care. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Height development of 25 225 children aged 6 to 15 years in Nanning City GAN Na, LIANG Yubo, LONG Yongmei, TANG Xianlan, XIE Xu, WANG Qiang, ZHOU Desheng Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (1): 89-92.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-0040 Abstract （1069）      PDF （801KB）（215）       Knowledge map    Objective To analyze the height growth of children aged 6 - 15 years in Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, so as to provide evidence for the assessment of local children's height development. Methods A total of 25 225 children aged 6 - 15 years were selected to get their physical examination data from 41 primary schools in Nanning by stratified cluster sampling method in December 2021.Then the height data were compared with the current domestic standards. Results The average height of boys in Nanning was lower than the national standard before the age of 10 years and 7 months, and the gap with the national standard gradually narrowed after the age of 10 years and 7 months. The average height of boys in Nanning City exceeded the national standard between the age of 11 years and 1 month and 13 years and 6 months, and then lagged behind the national standard again after the age of 13 years and 7 months. The mean height of girls in Nanning City was lower than the national standard height in several age groups, and it was more obvious before the age of 9 years and 7 months. The proportion of height ≤-2 s,≤- s,≥ + sand ≥+2 s in boys aged 6 to 15 years in Nanning City fluctuated from 2.59% to 6.04%, 12.09% to 23.43%, 7.18% to 18.79% and 0.93% to 3.14%, respectively; the total proportions were 4.56%, 17.46%, 11.35% and 1.74%, respectively; the minimum/maximum proportion values of each height group were at 11 years old /8 years old, 14 years old/8 years old, 8 years old/12 years old, and 6 years old/11 years old, respectively. The proportions of girls aged 6 - 15 years in Nanning City with height ≤-2 s, ≤- s, ≥+ s, and ≥+2 s fluctuated from 2.06% to 5.19%, 9.35% to 25.15%, 8.21% to 15.80% and 1.23% to 3.49%, respectively; the total proportions were 3.38%, 16.91%, 11.97% and 2.29%, respectively; and the minimum/maximum proportion values of each height group were at 13 years old/6 years old, 12 years old/6 years old, 7 years old/12 years old, and 6 years old/11 years old, respectively. Conclusions The overall height level of children in Nanning is still lower than the national level, with short prepubertal basal heights, an earlier age of onset of accelerated pubertal height, and a shorter duration of accelerated pubertal height in boys. Strengthening pre-pubertal height management and emphasizing the onset and duration of children's pubertal development, especially the height development of boys during puberty, can help improve the adult lifelong height of children in this region. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Status of vitamin A, vitamin D and comorbidity of both deficiency in Chinese children YIN Shian, YANG Zhenyu Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (3): 301-306.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-0146 Abstract （1062）      PDF （617KB）（813）       Knowledge map    Vitamin A and vitamin D deficiencies or insufficiencies in children remain global public health problems. The deficiencies of both vitamin A and vitamin D exist in Chinese children, the deficiency of vitamin A is mainly marginal (about 30%) in children aged 0 - 12 years.Vitamin D deficiency and prevalence are common in healthy children aged 0 - 18 years, among which the severe deficiency rate is 2.46%, the deficiency rate is 21.57%, and the marginal deficiency rate is 28.71%.The deficiency rate gradually increases with the increase of age.Since the respective bioactive metabolites of vitamin A and vitamin D, retinoic acid and 1 and 25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 have hormone-like properties, and both metabolites are synthesized from their vitamin precursors by different tissues and cells in the body, there may be a synergistic effect between both on target cells remotely by binding to nuclear hormone receptors.A high proportion of concurrent vitamin A and vitamin D deficiencies (comorbidities) in malnourished children under 5 years of age in low- and middle-income countries and poor areas will affect the immune response in a highly specific way, in addition to causing growth and developmental disorders (e.g., growth retardation, motor retardation), it also increases susceptibility to infectious diseases (e.g., recurrent respiratory infections, diarrhea), allergic diseases (e.g., asthma, atopic dermatitis), and neurodevelopmental disorders (touretic disorder, autism spectrum disorder).Therefore, children in the period of growth and development may benefit from supplementing with vitamin A and vitamin D. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (9): 929-933.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-0988 Abstract （1012）      PDF （763KB）（326）       Knowledge map    Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Prevalence analysis and trend prediction of the burden of autism spectrum disorder HAI Yang, JIN Meiyu, ZHANG Te, CUI Yu, WU Lijie Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (12): 1349-1353.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-0006 Abstract （1000）      PDF （1077KB）（287）       Knowledge map    Objective To compare and analyze the current burden status of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in China and globally, to extract the epidemiological characteristics and to predict the burden in 2030, based on the analysis of the global burden of disease (GBD) database, so as to provide reference for the prevention and control of the disease burden caused by ASD. Methods Prevalence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) data from 1990 to 2019 for ASD in China and globally were retrieved from the GBD database. Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the changes in ASD disease burden and calculate average annual percentage change (AAPC) over time. Auto regressive integrated moving average model(ARIMA) was constructed to predict the trend of ASD disease burden in China and globally from 2020 to 2030. Results The age standardized prevalence rate and age standardized DALYs rate in China showed an upward trend from 1990 to 2019, with an average annual increase of 0.14% and 0.15%, respectively, and the increase was higher than the global average level (AAPC=-0.03%, P<0.001, AAPC=-0.03%, P<0.001). It is predicted that the age standardized prevalence rate and age standardized DALYs rate of ASD in China will both show an upward trend by 2030, reaching 376.08/10 5 and 57.90/10 5, respectively. In comparison, the global age standardized prevalence rate and age standardized DALYs rate of ASD, which are 369.47/10 5 and 56.28/10 5, respectively, and the trend is relatively stable. The burden of ASD is biggest for male children under the age of 5 in China and globally. Conclusion Over the past three decades, the burden of ASD in China has persistently escalated and may exceed the global average in the future, making it particularly urgent to implement targeted prevention and control measures. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Practice and prospects of integrating nurturing care and family interventions for autism spectrum disorder LI Tingyu, WEI Qiuhong, LI Yan, WEI Hua, DAI Ying, CHEN Li Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (9): 937-940.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-0682 Abstract （990）      PDF （636KB）（319）       Knowledge map    Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with increasing prevalence, posing significant challenges on families and society. As the number of children with mild symptoms and normal intellectual abilities rises, new opportunities for rehabilitation and intervention have emerged. In this context, it is crucial to explore ways to enhance parental caregiving skills to promote the recovery of ASD children. This editorial introduced a novel model that integrated caregiving into family-based interventions, particularly suited for early intervention in economically underdeveloped regions of China for children with ASD. Additionally, it provided valuable insights for resource-limited developing regions. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Nested case-control study on the risk factors and interaction analysis of positive screening for infant motor development HU Yue, BAO Zheng, WANG Ronghuan Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (5): 502-506.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-0555 Abstract （972）      PDF （1202KB）（177）       Knowledge map    Objective To identify the influencing factors of infant motor development,and to explore the potential interactive factors, so as to provide scientific basis for early prediction and targeted prevention of infant motor developmental delay. Methods Data of infants receiving "0~1 motor development screening" at 21 community health service centers in Tongzhou District, from January 1st, 2020 to August 31st, 2021 were collected through the Beijing Maternal and Child Information System.Using the method of nested case-control study, 416 infants with positive screening results were selected as case group, 416 infants with negative screening result were selected into the control group by 1∶1 case-control matching of screening age.Chi-square test, Logistic regression analysis, and Exhaustive CHAID decision tree model were used to explore the influencing factors of infant motor development, the interaction effect was investigated by using the additive and multiplicative interaction models. Results Multivariate Logistic analysis showed that birth weight<2 500g ( OR=3.28), cesarean section ( OR=1.63), outdoor activity≤ 1h/d ( OR=3.07), and no supplementation of vitamin D ( OR=2.68) were risk factors for positive screening results of infant motor development ( P＜0.01).The Exhaustive CHAID decision tree showed that low birth weight was the primary risk factor for infant with positive screening results, followed by outdoor activity, vitamin D supplementation and delivery.The interaction analysis showed that there was a multiplicative interaction ( OR=13.76, 95% CI:1.20 - 158.08) and an additive interaction ( RERI=10.22, 95% CI:5.05 - 15.38) between non supplementation of vitamin D and low birth weight on infant motor development with positive screening results. Conclusions Attention should be paid to the early motor development of infants with low birth weight and those born by cesarean section, with emphasis on the dosage of vitamin D supplementation and outdoor activity duration.Moreover, the early screening and hierarchical management of infant motor development should also be strengthened. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in clinical characteristics,diagnosis and treatment of children with developmental language delay SUN Yanhui, LI Yangfang Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (9): 999-1003.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-1386 Abstract （953）      PDF （676KB）（629）       Knowledge map    Language delay is the most common developmental disorder in childhood,and as children grow older,it will have a lasting impact on their daily life and learning ability,and the impact on children's health can last into adulthood.Early active intervention and treatment will greatly improve the short-term and long-term adverse effects of abnormal language development on children,effectively promote the recovery of children's language ability.Language delay of children has been the current research hotspot.This article reviews the clinical characteristics,diagnosis and treatment of language retardation in children. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2025, 33 (4): 349-354.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2025-0286 Abstract （953）      PDF （1245KB）（605）       Knowledge map    Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chain mediating role of psychological resilience and emotional balance between daily stress and depression in adolescents WANG Yao, YU Zengyan Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2023, 31 (9): 1033-1037.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-0098 Abstract （952）      PDF （792KB）（382）       Knowledge map    Objective To explore the chain mediating effect of psychological resilience and emotional balance in the association between daily stress and adolescent depression, in order to provide a theoretical basis for improving adolescent depression and other emotional problems. Methods The Adolescent Stressful Life Events Scale, the Positive and Negative Affect Scale for Children (PANAS-C), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) were used to investigate 1 153 middle school students from a middle school in Heilongjiang Province in September 2022 by a cluater sampling method. The characteristics of depressive symptoms were first analyzed by chi-square test and binary Logistic regression model, and then structural equation modeling was used to test the chain mediating role of psychological resilience and positive/negative emotions in the association between daily stress and adolescent depression. Results Among 1 153 junior high school students, 474 (41.1%) had depressive symptoms, and the detection rates of depreesion were significantly different among students with different gender, grade and left-behind experience ( χ 2=6.12, 9.71, 13.89, P<0.05). Higher scores of daily stress and negative emotions were risk factors for adolescent depression in the post-epidemic era ( OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.02 - 1.04; OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.10 - 1.14), while positive emotions were protective factors for adolescent depression ( OR = 0.94, 95% CI:0.92 - 0.96). Independent mediating effects of psychological resilience, positive and negative emotions in the association between daily stress and adolescent depressive symptoms levels were significant, and the mediating effects were 4.09%, 5.22% and 39.90%, respectively, as were the chain mediating effects (mediating effects were 3.88%, 4.13%). Conclusion Daily stress predicts adolescent depression directly and also indirectly through the chain mediating effects of psychological resilience and emotional balance. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Assessment and influencing factors of bone health in children and adolescents WANG Ai, ZHOU Bingqian, YU Jian, CAO Hong Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (9): 980-983.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-0932 Abstract （950）      PDF （728KB）（290）       Knowledge map    Osteoporosis begins in childhood, and the accumulation of bone strength and bone mass during growth and development is essential for the prevention of osteoporosis and fragility fractures. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, as the preferred bone mass assessment technique for children and adolescents with osteoporosis, can be combined with clinically significant fractures to make a diagnosis of osteoporosis. Peak bone mass and bone mineral density(BMD) can be increased through intervention of factors such as physical activity, nutritional intake, medication, and lifestyle. Hospitals, families, schools, the internet and other parties should join forces to strengthen the popularization of osteoporosis knowledge and promote the disease cognition and bone protection behavior of children and adolescents. This article reviews the definition, assessment tools and influencing factors of osteoporosis in children and adolescents, so as to provide reference for promoting the prevention and intervention of osteoporosis in children and adolescents. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2023, 31 (9): 929-934.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-0679 Abstract （943）      PDF （1156KB）（1259）       Knowledge map    Reference | Related Articles | Metrics