Relationship between responsive caregiving for infants and young children and parenting confidence among caregivers

LIU Panting; ZHANG Lei; HONG Qin; CHI Xia; TONG Meiling; QIAN Jun

doi:10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-0689

PDF(501 KB)

Chinese Journal of Child Health Care ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (2) : 133-137. DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-0689

Original Articles

Relationship between responsive caregiving for infants and young children and parenting confidence among caregivers

LIU Panting, ZHANG Lei, HONG Qin, CHI Xia, TONG Meiling, QIAN Jun

Author information +

History +

Abstract

Objective To investigate the current state of infant responsive caregiving and to analyze its correlation with caregiver parenting confidence, in order to provide theoretical basis for improving the level of responsive care for infants and young children. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted from October 2022 to February 2023 to select 1 028 infants and young children under 3 years old who underwent health examinations in the Department of Child Healthcare. Participants completed a general data questionnaire, the Karitane Parenting Confidence Scale, and the Infant Responsive Caregiving Scale. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis was used to investigate the related influencing factors of infant responsive care and to analyze the relationship between caregiver parenting confidence and responsive caregiving. Results The level of responsive caregiving was found to be associated with various factors such as infant age(χ²=21.196), mode of pregnancy(Z=-2.072), history of pregnancy protection during pregnancy(Z=-4.713), history of pregnancy complications (Z=-4.504), gestational week at birth(χ²=41.358), small for term infants(Z=-3.497), neonatal intracranial hemorrhage(Z=-5.425), neonatal hyperbilirubinemia(Z=-2.184), maternal education level(χ²=9.419), family income(χ²=11.211) as well as type of family (χ²=15.360)(P < 0.05). Additionally, a significant correlation was observed between parenting confidence and responsive caregiving(r=0.421, P＜0.001). Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis revealed that caregiver parenting confidence had a significant positive effect on the level of responsive caregiving (B=0.623, P＜0.05), even after controlling for the effect of demographic factors. Conclusion The level of infant responsive caregiving is influenced by caregiver parenting confidence, and increasing caregiver parenting confidence can effectively improve the quality of responsive caregiving for infants and young children.

Key words

infants and young children / responsive caregiving / parenting confidence / caregivers

Cite this article

EndNote

Ris (Procite)

Bibtex

Download Citations

LIU Panting, ZHANG Lei, HONG Qin, CHI Xia, TONG Meiling, QIAN Jun. Relationship between responsive caregiving for infants and young children and parenting confidence among caregivers[J]. Chinese Journal of Child Health Care. 2024, 32(2): 133-137 https://doi.org/10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-0689

References

[1] Bhutta ZA. Nurturing care: promoting early childhood development[J]. Lancet, 2017, 389(10064):91-102.
[2] UNICEF. Integrating Early Childhood Development (ECD) activities into nutrition programmes in emergencies [R]. Geneva: World Health Organization,2013.
[3] World Health Organization, United Nations Children's Fund, World Bank Group. Nurturing care for early childhood development: A framework for helping children survive and thrive to transform health and human potential[R]. Geneva: WHO, 2018.
[4] Holt RL, Mikati MA. Care for child development: Basic science rationale and effects of interventions[J]. Pediatr Neurol,2011,44(4):239-253.
[5] Surkan PJ, Kennedy CE, Hurley KM,et al. Maternal depression and early childhood growth in developing countries: Systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Bull World Health Organ, 2011,89(8):607-15.
[6] Baydar N, Küntay AC, Yagmurlu B, et al. "It takes a village" to support the vocabulary development of children with multiple risk factors[J]. Dev Psychol, 2014,50(4):1014-1025.
[7] Vance AJ, Brandon DH. Delineatingamong parenting confidence, parenting self-efficacy, and competence[J]. ANS Adv Nurs Sci, 2017,40(4):E18-E37.
[8] Jones TL, Prinz RJ. Potential roles of parental self-efficacy in parent and child adjustment: A review[J]. Clin Psychol Rev, 2005,25(3):341-363.
[9] 杨金柳行,张悦,张良芬,等.卡瑞坦尼家长育儿信心量表的汉化及信效度检验[J].中华预防医学杂志,2021,55(7):811-817.
Yang JLX, Zhang Y, Zhang LF, et al. Reliability and validity test of Chinese version of the Karitane Parenting Confidence Scale[J]. Chin J Prev Med, 2021,55(7):811-817. (in Chinese)
[10] 潘虹地,张悦,唐鹤,等.中国城市地区婴幼儿家长卡瑞坦尼育儿信心量表常模研究[J].中华预防医学杂志,2021,55(10):1209-1213.
Pan HD, Zhang Y, Tang H, et al. Studies of the norm of Karitane Parenting Confidence Scale(KPCS)among parents of infants in urban areas of China[J]. Chin J Prev Med, 2021,55(10):1209-1213. (in Chinese)
[11] 黄楹,张海峰,童连.婴幼儿回应性照护评价量表的初步编制与评价[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2022,30(4):386-391.
Huang Y, Zhang HF, TONG L. Preliminary development and evaluation of the responsive caregiving rating scale for children aged 0 to 4 years[J]. J Child Health Care, 2022,30(4):386-391. (in Chinese)
[12] Black MM, Walker SP, Fernald LCH, et al. Early childhood development coming of age: Science through the life course[J]. Lancet, 2017,389(10064):77-90.
[13] Eshel N, Daelmans B, de Mello MC, et al. Responsive parenting: Interventions and outcomes[J]. Bull World Health Organ, 2006,84(12):991-998.
[14] Lucas JE, Richter LM, Daelmans B. Care for child development: An intervention in support of responsive caregiving and early child development[J]. Child Care Health Dev, 2018,44(1):41-49.
[15] Landry SH, Landry SH, Smith KE, et al. Does early responsive parenting have a special importance for children's development or is consistency across early childhood necessary?[J]. Dev Psychol, 2001,37(3):387-403.
[16] Warnock FF, Craig KD, Bakeman R, et al. The relationship of prenatal maternal depression or anxiety to maternal caregiving behavior and infant behavior self-regulation during infant heel lance: an ethological time-based study of behavior[J]. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 2016,16(1):1-12.
[17] Scherer E, Hagaman A, Chung E, et al. The relationship between responsive caregiving and child outcomes:Evidence from direct observations of mother-child dyads in Pakistan[J]. BMC Public Health, 2019,19(1):252.
[18] Jeong J, McCoy DC, Fink G. Paternal and maternal education, caregivers' support for learning, and early child development in 44 low- and middle-income countries[J]. Early Child Res Q, 2017,41(6):136-148.
[19] Blair C, Granger DA, Willoughby M, et al. Salivary cortisol mediates effects of poverty and parenting on executive functions in early childhood[J]. Child Dev, 2011,82(6):1970-84.
[20] Kristensen IH, Simonsen M, Trillingsgaard T, et al. First-time mothers' confidence mood and stress in the first months postpartum: A cohort study[J]. Sex Reprod Healthc, 2018,17:43-49.
[21] Kohlhoff J, Barnett B. Parenting self-efficacy: Links with maternal depression, infant behaviour and adult attachment[J]. Early Hum Dev, 2013,89(4):249-256.
[22] Pereira LW, Bernardi JR, Matos S, et al. Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Karitane parenting confidence scale of maternal confidence assessment for use in Brazil[J]. J Pediatr (Rio J), 2018,94(2):192-199.
[23] BeachCopeland D, Harbaugh BL. Early maternal-efficacy and competence in first-time, low-income mothers[J]. Compr Child Adolesc Nurs, 2017, 40(1): 6-28.