Abstract: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among Chinese children and adolescents has been rising over the past years, varying by age, geographical location and rural/urban areas. Primary school students have the highest prevalence of obesity, who need sufficient guidance of healthy living. The northern regions maintain the highest level of childhood obesity, but have shown a stable trend in recent years. Meanwhile, the prevalence of childhood obesity in eastern regions has risen dramatically. In both urban and rural areas, the prevalence of childhood obesity has been increasing, and the growth rate in rural areas is greater, possibly leading to a reversal between urban and rural areas in the future. The interaction of national and social environments, school and family factors, individual elements have promoted overweight and obesity in Chinese youth. The impacts of migration on regional obesity increase cannot be ignored. Lockdown and staying at home due to COVID-19 have triggered long-term influence on children′s health. The prevention and control of obesity among Chinese children and adolescents is challenging. National policies and academic regulations have been issued by government and organizations. Schools, families, communities and individuals should communicate and cooperate with each other to execute comprehensive prevention and control of obesity among children and adolescents in a systematic perspective.

Key words: obesity, prevalence, prevention and control, policy, children, adolescents

摘要： 多年来中国儿童青少年超重和肥胖检出率呈上升趋势,随年龄、地理位置和城乡差异有所不同。小学生肥胖检出率最高,更需要健康生活的引导;北方地区保持较高的儿童肥胖检出率,近年来表现出稳定趋势,而东部地区儿童肥胖检出率急剧上升。儿童肥胖在城乡区域均有增长,且乡村增速大于城市,未来可能出现“城乡逆转”。众多国家社会环境、学校家庭环境以及个人因素交织,是促进中国儿童青少年超重肥胖的危险因素。人口流动对地区儿童肥胖检出率的影响不容忽视;COVID-19流行期间居家封控对儿童健康产生了长期影响。中国儿童青少年肥胖的防控仍面临挑战,国家层面和学术组织已出台不少相关政策和规范,同时学校、家庭、社区和个人须积极参与,各方面加强合作和联系,从系统角度对儿童青少年肥胖进行综合防控。

关键词: 肥胖, 流行, 防控, 政策, 儿童, 青少年