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    Expert consensus on clinical application of vitamin A and vitamin D in Chinese children

    Child Health Care Professional Committee, Chinese Preventive Medicine Association
    Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2021, 29 (1): 110-116.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2020-2118
    Abstract3352)      PDF (1003KB)(3610)      
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    Physical activity guideline for Chinese preschoolers aged 3-6 years
    Working Group on Physical Activity Guideline for Chinese Preschoolers Aged - Years, GUAN Hong-yan, ZHAO Xing, QU Sha, WU Jian-xin, YANG Yu-feng, GUO Jian-jun, ZHANG Ting, LUO Dong-mei
    Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2020, 28 (6): 714-720.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2020-0982
    Abstract3036)      PDF (1329KB)(2408)      
    Physical activity in preschool period is closely related with the development of bone,cardiopulmonary health,motor,cognition and mental health. Moreover,it will continue to influence their health throughout the course of life. Over the past few years,some developed countries,like Canada and Australia,and World Health Organization have published their physical activity guidelines for children in early childhood. However,there are not yet physical activity guidelines for Chinese preschoolers aged 3-6 years. The Physical Activity Guidelines for Chinese Preschoolers (3-6 years old),hereinafter referred to as the " Guidelines",was jointly developed by Capital Institute of Pediatrics,Beijing Sport University,and China Institute of Sports Science from General Administration of Sport of China under an expert team from sports science,pediatrics and public health. The process of developing the Guidelines follows strict and transparent principle,drawing on the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) Ⅱ instrument,adopting the method of literature materials,and sorting out the relevant guidelines and research evidence of foreign preschool children on the basis of systematically searching,forming the core issues and the draft of the recommendations of the guidelines. After repeated discussions and revisions through five rounds of expert consensus meetings,the Guidelines was finally completed. As the first physical activity guideline for preschoolers in China,the Guidelines comprehensively considers movement behaviors of preschoolers in 24 hours of daily life,including physical activity,sedentary behavior and sleep. On this basis,it raises ten key recommendations in four aspects including the principles of preschool children′s physical activity,physical activity time,types of physical activity,and physical activity monitoring and evaluation. The Guidelines provides recommendations for parents,health care professionals,kindergarten teachers and parents,so as to give professional guidance on scientific and safe physical activities for Chinese preschoolers and meet their developmental needs.
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    Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (4): 349-358.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-0279
    Abstract2314)      PDF (1552KB)(2790)      
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    Assessment and management of depression in adolescents
    LUO Xuerong, TANG Xinhai, SHEN Yanmei
    Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (7): 700-703.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-0694
    Abstract1908)      PDF (550KB)(105)      
    Adolescent depression is a serious public health issue that affects the mental health of millions of adolescents nationwide. This articleoutlines the current situation of adolescent depression, the challenges in diagnosis, and then introduces the assessment process, including collecting medical history, physical examination, using scales and diagnostic tools for assessment, as well as assessing comorbidities and suicide risk. Treatment should be based on individual′s characteristics and needs, selecting appropriate treatment methods, including psychotherapy, medication, and hospitalization when necessary, inpatient treatment. Psychotherapeutic methods include cognitive-behavioral therapy and interpersonal therapy, while medication treatment requires careful selection of appropriate antidepressants and close monitoring of possible side effects.
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    Children's social and personality development and the influence of family upbringing
    DING Yanhua, FEI Zhixing
    Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (7): 704-708.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-0693
    Abstract1605)      PDF (743KB)(111)      
    Children's social and personality development are influenced by the long-term interaction of nature and nurture. Family is the primary source of influence on Children's early social and personality development. The appropriate combination of two significant dimensions of family upbringing, acceptance/responsiveness and demandingness/control, is stably related to Children's good social and personality development outcomes.
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    Correlation of early parent-child interaction and sleep time with emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children
    CAO Hui, YAN Shuangqin, GAO Guopeng, WANG Sumei, XIE Liangliang, JIANG Liu, XIE Fangfang, TAO Fangbiao
    Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (7): 785-789.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-1390
    Abstract1539)      PDF (546KB)(76)      
    Objective To explore the correlation of early parent-child interaction and sleep time with emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children,in order to provide evidence for promoting the development of Children's mental health. Methods Children aged 3 years who underwent normal physical examination in Ma′anshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2019 to May 2020 were selected to collect information about parent-child interaction and sleep status through questionnaires.Emotional and behavioral problems were investigated in patients who came to the clinic for continued medical examination during the period of 5 to 7 years of age.A total of 399 valid questionnaires were collected.Pearson χ 2 test and Logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Results After adjusting for demographic information,lower score of early parent-child interaction was a risk factor for peer interaction( OR=2.30,95% CI:1.16 - 4.58) and emotional and behavioral problems( OR=2.76,95% CI:1.54 - 4.95).Children with total sleep time <12h/d were more likely to have peer interaction ( OR=2.26,95% CI:1.22 - 4.20) and emotional and behavioral problems ( OR=1.73,95% CI:1.04 - 2.87).Combined effect showed that children with lower score of early parent-child interaction and sleep time <12h/d had a higher risk of developing peer interaction ( OR=5.30,95% CI:1.53 - 18.27),emotional and behavioral abnormalities ( OR=6.23,95% CI:2.15 - 18.45). Conclusions Poor quality of early parent-child interaction and insufficient sleep time have adverse effects on preschool Children's emotional and behavioral problems,which should be given more attention.
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    Identification and treatment of nonsuicidal self-injury in adolescents
    CHA Caihui, OU Wanxing
    Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (7): 697-699.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-0644
    Abstract1514)      PDF (561KB)(110)      
    Nonsuicidal self-injury, not aimed at suicide, is more common in adolescents and has various self-injury behaviors. Now there is a lack of effective prevention and treatment methods. The types of self-injury behaviors, risk factors, and the psychological needs of patients and treatment strategies are summarized in this review.
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    Association between body satisfaction and depressive symptoms in early adolescents
    YOU Lijun, ZUO Xiayun, YU Chunyan, LIAN Qiguo, FANG Yuhang, TU Xiaowen, LOU Chaohua
    Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (7): 713-717.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-1131
    Abstract1447)      PDF (640KB)(73)      
    Objective To explore the association between body satisfaction and depressive symptoms among early adolescents in Shanghai, in order to provide evidence for the promotion of mental health among adolescents. Methods A total of 1 704 students from grade 6 to 8 in 3 junior middle schools in Shanghai were recruited into this study from November to December in 2017 by stratified cluster sampling method.Data were collected by anonymous self-administered electronic questionnaire, and the body satisfaction scale and depressive symptom scale were used to collect the body satisfaction and depressive symptoms of the subjects. Results The average score of body satisfaction was 23.03±4.68, ranging from 7 to 35.There were significant differences in body satisfaction score among adolescents with different genders, education level of primary caregivers and perceived academic performance ( P<0.05).The average score of depressive symptoms in adolescents was 15.94±5.05, ranging from 6 to 30.There were statistically significant differences in depressive symptoms score among adolescents with different genders, age, whether they were the only child, whether they were separated from their parents and perceived academic performance ( P<0.05).Multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that body satisfaction was negatively correlated with scores of depressive symptoms and the association was statistically significant ( β=-0.35, P<0.05).There was significant difference in the associations between body satisfaction and depressive symptom scores in adolescents of different genders (boys: β=-0.30, girls: β=-0.40), and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion There is a significant negative association between body satisfaction and depressive symptoms in early adolescence, improving body satisfaction may help reduce depressive mood in adolescents.
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    Effects of lifestyle behaviors on psychological and behavioral problems among school-age children
    LI Wenjing, MA Qianqian, CHEN Chen, LI Jun, WU Dandan, ZENG Lingxia
    Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (7): 718-724.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-1250
    Abstract1404)      PDF (825KB)(78)      
    Objective To explore the association between lifestyle and psycho-behavioral problems in school-age children,in order to provide scientific basis for the prevention of Children's behavioral problems. Methods Using stratified whole-cluster sampling,1 200 school-age children aged 9 - 13 years in Xi'an were selected for a paper questionnaire survey in May 2023.Their behavioral and emotional problems in the past six months were evaluated using the Youth Self-Report (YSR).Information on basic family situation and lifestyles was collected through self-designed questionnaires on the demographic characteristics of their families and their lifestyles.The correlation between Children's lifestyles and psycho-behavioral problems was explored and validated using the χ 2 test and binary logistic Logistic regression model. Results The detection rate of psychological and behavioral problems in school-age children in this study was 22.4% (252/1 127).Thinking problems were most prominent among the factors (14.8%),followed by social problems (10.6%).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that picking eating ( OR=4.595,95% CI:1.593 - 13.249),doing homework >3h/d ( OR=3.644,95% CI:1.640 - 8.096),and screen time >2h/d ( OR=2.691,95% CI:1.311 - 5.527) or >3h/d ( OR=3.542,95% CI:1.848 - 6.789),and never doing housework ( OR=7.477,95% CI:1.372 - 40.733) were risk factors for psychological and behavioral problems in school-age children.Occasional ( OR=0.530,95% CI:0.315 - 0.892) or frequent ( OR=0.447,95% CI:0.266 - 0.753) participation in physical activity,visiting a healthcare worker ( OR=0.205,95% CI:0.115 - 0.365) or a doctor ( OR=0.341,95% CI:0.150 - 0.772)in sick,having few illnesses in infancy and early childhood ( OR=0.435,95% CI:0.219 - 0.866),and having 4 or more good friends ( OR=0.270,95% CI:0.093 - 0.783) reduced the risk of developing psychological and behavioral problems in school-age children. Conclusions Lifestyle of school-age children is closely related to psycho-behavioral problems.Paying attention to Children's thinking and social problems,advocating scientific diet,active exercise,encouraging children to participate in household chores appropriately,reducing video screen time,and controlling undesirable habits will help improve their behavioral problems.
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    Impact of family harm on the development of Children's early mental cognition and social adaptability
    LIU Sijia, HUANG Chuican, FAN Lichun
    Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (7): 757-761.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-0916
    Abstract1362)      PDF (601KB)(56)      
    Family serves as the primary context for a child′s daily life,with family harm emerging as a significant factor influencing early psychological cognitive and social adaptability development in children and adoleacents.This issue has become a serious public concern due to its potential to jeopardize the holistic well-being of children,garnering attention from scholars globally.Despite this,there remains a gap in the domestic literature regarding the comprehensive exploration of the association of family harm with the developmental aspects of early psychological cognitive and social adaptability abilities in children.The article provides a summary and review of the theories,main content,and impact on the cognitive and social adaptive development of children and adolescents regarding family harm,aiming to enhance scholars′understanding of family harm in our country and collectively promote the healthy growth of children and adolescents.
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    Consistency analysis of ASQ-3 and DDST Scales in infant developmental screening
    HUANG Hong-mei, TANG Yan-ling, WANG Xiao-rong, LI Ting-yu
    Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2021, 29 (7): 759-762.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2020-1460
    Abstract1322)      PDF (480KB)(455)      
    Objective To explore and analyze the consistency of the subjective and objective evaluation scale-Ages and Stages Questionnaire-Third Edition (ASQ-3) and Denver Development Screening Test (DDST),in order to provide reference for the clinical assessment of children's developmental disorders. Methods A total of 355 children in Children's Health Clinic of Chongqing Youyou Baobei Children and Women's Hospital from April 1st,2019 to April 30th,2020 were selected in this study. Their record of ASQ-3 and DDST evaluation results was retrospectively collected. The screening positive rates of two assessment tools were compared,and the consistency of the two tools in gross motor function,fine motor function,language and personal-social function was analyzed. Results The screening positive rate of ASQ-3 was higher than that of DDST. Except for the motor function,the differences on the screening positive rate of fine motor,language,and personal-social function between the two tools were significant ( χ 2=28.942,6.424,60.634, P<0.05). The consistency of the two screening methods was analyzed by the Kappa test. All Kappa values of the four function zones were lower than 0.4,suggesting very low consistency between ASQ-3 and DDST. The Kappa value of the motor function was relatively high compared with other zones( Kappa=0.317, P<0.001). Conclusions The consistency between ASQ-3 and DDST is low in developmental screening of children aged 3—60 months. Further researches are warranted to improve the accuracy and consistency of the infant development screening scale.
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    Analysis of status and factors influencing children's self-care ability.
    LIN Zhen,CHEN Yi-rong,LIN Yong-le,LIN Qi-yi.
    journal1    2016, 24 (11): 1135-1138.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-11-05
    Abstract1305)      PDF (665KB)(1620)      
    Objective To analyse the present situation and the influencing factors that affect it of the children's self-care ability. Method Self-compiled questionnaire (Children's Living Self-Care Ability Questionnaire-Parent Version) and 《Parenting Style Questionnaire》 were administered on 400 parents of young children. Results 3~6 years old children's self-care ability was in the medium level overall,there was uneven development in infants' self-care ability in various dimensions.Out of these dimensions,the children had good control of dressing up,other dimensions showed poor performances.There were significant differences in the children's demographic variables like sex,only child factor,place of birth and so on.Factors of grades,school type,parents and parenting styles also influenced children's self-care ability significantly. Conclusion Self-care ability should be gradual according to children's age and development characteristics,children should be allowed to experience operational processes,have fun using their hands; at the same time,increase the time spent by parents to accompany the children and coupled with cooperation with school to promote the development of children's self-care ability.
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    Dietary guidelines for Chinese preschool children (2016)

    YANG Yue-xin, SU Yi-xiang, WANG Zhi-xu, et al
    Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2017, 25 (4): 325-327.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-04-01
    Abstract1276)      PDF (699KB)(1725)      
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    Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders among children in China:a systematic review and meta-analysis
    LIU Xian, LIN Sui-fang, CHEN Wen-xiong, CHAN Fan-fan, SHEN Song-ying, QIU Xiu
    journal1    2018, 26 (4): 402-406.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-04-15
    Abstract1265)      PDF (877KB)(862)      
    Objective To systematically review the findings of Chinese epidemiological studies in the past 16 years by a meta-analysis,to estimate the prevalence for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Chinese,and to extract its epidemiological characteristics as well as to further explore the differences of the prevalence of ASD between China and foreign countries. Method Databases such as Chinese Web of Knowledge,WeiPu,WanFang were searched for literatures published from January,2000 to December,2016 about the prevalence of ASD/autism in China. Results Totally thirty studies were included in meta-analysis.The prevalence of ASD was 26.50/10 000,and prevalence of autism was 14.00/10 000.There was a significant difference on the ASD prevalence among the following sub-factors including gender,age,screening criteria and so on except northern and southern China. Conclusions Although prevalence of ASD in Chinese children showed an increasing trend,it is still lower than that in foreign countries.The prevalence of ASD in China is clearly underestimated due to the limitation of the following influential factors,such as investigation population,monitoring methods,screening and diagnostic tools.
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    Expert consensus on the construction of traditional Chinese medicine child health care specialty
    Child Health Care Branch of Chinese Preventive Medicine
    Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (5): 465-470.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-1318
    Abstract1231)      PDF (1044KB)(322)      
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    Development and evaluation of the Chinese Infants Sleep Assessment Scales
    FENG Wei-wei, PAN Xiao-ping, WANG Hui-shan, ZHANG Yue, JIN Xi, HUANG Xiao-na, XU Tao, ZHANG Tong, Provincial Working Group for Study on the Development of Chinese Infants and Todders Sleep Assessment Scales
    Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2021, 29 (5): 468-472.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2020-1376
    Abstract1211)      PDF (630KB)(674)      
    Objective To develop Chinese Infants Sleep Assessment Scales (ISAS) suitable for Chinese infants under the age of 1 year old, and to evaluate the reliability, validity and feasibility of the scales. Methods The scale was divided into two ages, 0—3 months and 4—11 months, according to the infants' sleep development characteristics.Firstly, an item pool with 4 dimensions of sleep rhythm, bedtime arrangement, night wakings and sleep disordered breathing was constructed.Then, the scales were compiled and evaluated through preliminary screening, modification, item analysis, validity analysis, reliability analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Results The ISAS (0—3 months) and ISAS (4-11 months) both had 14 items, including 4 factors of sleep rhythm, bedtime arrangement, night wakings and sleep disordered breathing with total variance explained of 56.61% and 55.02%, respectively.The items of the two scales were slightly different.The item-level content validity of all items in both scales ranged from 0.83 to 1.00.The two scales were positively correlated with Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaires (BISQ) in terms of sleep latency, number of night wakings and sleep duration, with correlation coefficients of 0.31,0.41,0.39 and 0.32,0.66 and 0.38, respectively.There were statistically significant differences between community sample and clinical sample in the total scores of the two scales and most of the factors (except the sleep disordered breathing factors of the 0-3 months) ( P<0.05).The Cronbach's α coefficients of the two scales were 0.681 and 0.673, and the test-retest reliability were 0.75 and 0.74. Conclusion The two scales have relatively stable factor structures and good reliability and validity, which can be used for early screening of infants' sleep problems.
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    Clinical intervention of language delays and language disorders
    LIU Xue-man
    Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2022, 30 (8): 813-817.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2022-0871
    Abstract1205)      PDF (1370KB)(954)      
    Language delays and language disorders are the most common type of childhood developmental disorders. The exploratory design and initial attempts to implement a Chinese model of an evidence-based clinical intervention pathway for language delays and language disorders were guided by the Clinical Framework of children's language development and the concept of response to intervention (RTI).The early exploratory design also incorporated China's well developed nationwide maternal and children's health care system into the internationally recognized evidence-based tertiary clinical intervention pathway to achieve some initial Results in China.
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    Communication disorders in children with autism spectrum disorder from speech language pathology perspective
    YANG Feng
    Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (3): 233-236.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-0114
    Abstract1130)      PDF (722KB)(317)      
    Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) face varying degrees of difficulties in communication, language, and social interactions.This article analyzes the basic communication abilities, language development characteristics, and social pragmatic features of ASD children from the perspective of speech pathology, introduces corresponding assessment tools and proposes intervention strategies based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF).Meanwhile, this article emphasizes the adoption of a comprehensive intervention model that involves medical, family, and school components to enhance the communication, language, and social skills of this group comprehensively, with the aim of effectively improving their overall quality of life.
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    Expert consensus on nurturing care for infants and toddlers

    Infants Nurturing Care Professional Council, Chinese Maternal and Child Health Association
    Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2020, 28 (9): 1063-1068.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2020-1357
    Abstract1129)      PDF (1149KB)(1652)      
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    Analysis of the differences of anthropometric characteristics among adolescent girls of Han and Hui ethic groups
    YANG Yi-de,MA Rui,SUN Li-li,ZHAO Hai-ping,MA Jun
    journal1    2014, 22 (11): 1137-1140.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2014-22-11-06
    Abstract1081)      PDF (573KB)(178)      
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    Early screening and intervention of children with developmental coordination disorder
    LIU Zhenhuan
    Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (5): 475-479.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-0280
    Abstract1064)      PDF (669KB)(162)      
    Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with high incidence, low diagnosis rate and early onset of symptoms, which hinders thedevelopment ofphysical and mental health in children.Early identification and intervention of DCD can help reduce the lifelong adverse effects of the disease.However,general public in China still lacks awareness of this condition,and healthcare workers do not pay enough attention to the early screening and intervention of DCD.This paper summarizes the clinical characteristics, early screening and diagnosis of DCD, and expounds the clinical treatment of DCD from the two aspects of western and Chinese medicine intervention, and proposes the intervention treatment of integrated Chinese and western medicine for the first time, hoping to promote the development of early screening work, provide a new method for the research and development of DCD intervention in China, and improve the effectiveness of treatment.
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    Currens status of application of the Family Functioning Assessment Scale

    LUAN Feng-huan, DU Ya-song
    Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2016, 24 (12): 1287-1289.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-12-16
    Abstract1039)      PDF (501KB)(1905)      
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    Comparative study of S-S method and Gesell developmental scale in children's language assessment
    LIANG Jing, WANG Zhao-hui
    journal1    2017, 25 (5): 514-516.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-05-24
    Abstract999)      PDF (492KB)(1081)      
    ObjectTo explore the application of Gesell developmental scale-language part in language development evaluation by the comparison with S-S method. Method sA total of 130 children aged from 1.5 to 5 years were selected in psychological clinics of Child Care Center in the Xi 'an Fourth Hospital from June 2015 to May 2016.There were 93(71.54%) boys and 37(28.26%) girls.Gesell developmental scale and S-S method were both used to evaluate language retardation degree. Results 1)Overall consistency check of Gesell developmental scale and S-S method in language retardation showed:the Kappa score was 0.639( P<0.05),sensitivity was 77.2%,specificity was 86.3%.2)Overall consistency check of Gesell developmental scale and S-S method in mild language retardation showed that the Kappa score was 0.481( P<0.05).3)S-S method in mild language retardation for two age groups showed that the constituent ratio of language characteristics had statistical differences ( P<0.05).Children under 2 years old mainly had problem in language expression,while children above 2 years old mainly had problem in language comprehension. Conclusions 1)Gesell developmental scale can be used as a language development screening tool.2)Gesell developmental scale and S-S method can be used in combination,S-S method can be used for qualitative,Gesell developmental scale can be used for severity classification.3)S-S method should be used to ascertain diagnosis for the children under 2 years old whose language scores of Gesell developmental scale show margin state.
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    Analysis of 3~12 years old children growing development Z-score from 9 areas of China
    ZHAO Wen-zhi,ZHAO Ai,MA De-fu,ZHENG Ying-dong,XUE Yong,LI Jun-ping,ZHANG Yu-mei,WANG Pei-yu
    journal1    2015, 23 (9): 920-923.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-09-08
    Abstract992)      PDF (536KB)(571)      
    Objective To investigate and analyze the growing development and nutritional status of children aged 3~12 years from 9 areas of China,and to provide evidences for health care and nutrition management of children. Methods Physique growth investigation ( ie.body height and weight) and questionnaire were carried out in 1 722 children from 9 areas ( 7 cities and 2 countrysides),and related Z-scores were computed to assess growing development and nutritional status of investigated children. Results The mean height,mean weight and obesity rate of investigated children from 9 areas were higher (or larger),and the low weight rate,growth stunt rate and waste rate were lower.The proportions of children whose weight for age Z-score (WAZ),height for age Z-score (HAZ) and BMI for age Z-score (BAZ) reached medium level or better were 89.04%,89.19% and 83.22%,respectively.There were significant differences in the waste rate and overweight rate between children in city and in countryside. Conclusions The nutrition status of children from 9 areas is good,while low body weight,overweight and obesity are continuing.More attention should be paied to health care and nutrition management of children.
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    Report on early childhood development practices in China from a global health perspective
    HUANG Yangmu, DANG Yuan
    Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (1): 1-6.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-1344
    Abstract989)      PDF (959KB)(259)      
    As the health disparities among children indirectly reflect the unfair distribution of national child healthcare, education, and other infrastructure, early childhood health development is a globally significant public health concern. On a global scale, 193 countries have endorsed The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and have explored various development strategies. The government placing children's interests and their rights at the core of their efforts to achieve theSustainable Development Goals(SDGs) is essential, China has made substantial progress in improving children's well-being over several decades of continuous effort and practice. However, challenges persist, including regional development imbalances, insufficient service capabilities in impoverished rural areas, and emerging issues like obesity, myopia, and mental health problems. China still needs to meet the growing health needs of children fully. From a global health perspective, this article systematically reviews the current status of global early childhood health development, outlines the significant milestones and best practices in China's early childhood development efforts, and also anticipates the focus and challenges in early childhood development in China based on global trends, hoping to contribute to further research in this field.
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    Correlation between deformational plagiocephaly and/or brachycephaly and motor developmental delay in infants
    XU Wei, HE Chengchuan, CHEN Xuejiao, HUANG Mingshou, SONG Guan
    Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (5): 480-483.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-0665
    Abstract970)      PDF (592KB)(123)      
    Objective To analyze the correlation between deformational plagiocephaly and/or brachycephaly (DPB) and motor developmental delay in infants, so as to provide theoretical basis for early motor development screening and intervention in DPB infants. Methods A total of 7 826 children aged 6 - 12 months who visited Mianyang Maternal & Child Health Care Hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 were inlcuded in this study. DPB infants were selected as the study subjects, and the prevalence rate was analyzed.2 761 DPB infants were divided into mild, moderate, and severe DPB groups, and 1 900 normal children were included as the control group. Peabody Developmental Motor Scale-2 (PDMS-2) was used to evaluate the levels of gross and fine motor development in children in each case group and control group. Univariate analysis and LSD- t test were used to analyze the differences in gross motor quotient (GMQ) and fine motor quotient (FMQ) of children in each group. χ2 test was used to analyze the rate of motor developmental delay in children in each group. Results The prevalence rate ofDPB was 35.47%. There were statistically significant differences in GMQ and FMQ among the mild DPB group, moderate DPB group, severe DPB group, and control group ( F=171.271, 194.877, P<0.05). Further statistical comparison showed that there was no statistically significant difference in GMQ and FMQ between mild DPB group and control group ( P>0.05). The GMQ and FMQ of the moderate and severe DPB groups were significantly lower than those of the control group ( P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of developmental delay in gross and fine motor development between each case group and the control group ( χ2=7.478 , 5.777 , P>0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of DPB in Mianyang area is relatively high, and DPB do not increase the probability of motor development delay. However, infants with moderate to severe DPB have significantly lower levels of motor development compared to healthy infants. It is recommended to screen infants with DPB as soon as possible, and conduct motor development screening and exercise promotion for infants with moderate to severe DPB.
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    Survey on prevalence of allergic symptoms among 0 to 24 months old children in Chinese cities
    WANG Shuo,JIANG Jing-xiong,WANG Yan,WANG Zi-huan,WANG Ting,WANG Hui-shan
    journal1    2016, 24 (2): 119-122.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-02-03
    Abstract969)      PDF (592KB)(787)      
    Objective To study the situation of allergic diseases among 0~24 months children in Chinese cities,and to provide theoretical basis for early-stage prevention and intervention against infantile allergies. Methods Thirty-three cities were chosen according to China's geological and demographic distribution.Randomly cluster sampling method was used to choose a community within each city as the sample region,the mothers of children were interviewed and conducted face-to-face questionnaire survey. Results The overall prevalence rate reported from parents for urban 0 to 24 months old was 40.9%(95% CI:40.1%~41.6%),the prevalence rate was 12.3%(95% CI:11.7%~13.0%);among prevalent allergic symptoms,the one with the highest rate was rash and pruritus(62.1%),the second and third highest were symptoms of eyes and nose and gastrointestinal symptoms,accounting for 7.6% and 6.9% respectively;The prevalence rate peaked among infants 4 to 6 months old,prevalence rate dropped sharply among infants older than 6 months( P<0.05).The prevalence rate for boys was higher than that of girls( P<0.05). Conclusions The prevalence rate of allergic diseases in Chinese infants and toddlers is approaching the level of developed countries and regions,signifying the importance of primary prevention for infantile allergic diseases.This study provides data for monitoring the trendy of infantile allergies as well as carrying out allergy screening and prevention.
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    Cited: Baidu(2)
    Establishment of joint intervention in hospital-school-home model for developmental coordination disorder
    JIA Feiyong
    Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (5): 471-474.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-0281
    Abstract952)      PDF (472KB)(91)      
    Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a kind of movement disorder with lifelong adverse effects.According to motor learning and motor control theories, improving movement should be combined with individual, task and environment of children.Interventions for DCD children should not only be limited to the hospital, a more reasonable model should include the hospital, school and home three scenarios of combined treatment.This article expounds the importance and specific content of this intervention model, so as to provide reference for the healthy development of children with DCD.
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    Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2023, 31 (6): 581-585.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-0347
    Abstract948)      PDF (910KB)(1353)      
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    Expert consensus on early intervention for neurobehavioral development in high risk newborn

    Infant and Child Development, China Eugenics Association Professional Committee
    Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2022, 30 (3): 233-236.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2021-0625
    Abstract934)      PDF (821KB)(1248)      
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    Study on the norm and the reliability of the second edition of the Ages & Stages Questionnaires:Social-Emotional with a Chinese national sample
    BIAN Xiao-yan, SQUIRES Jane, LU Hong-mei, YI Yan, WANG Guo-wen, XU Ru-chai, SONG Wei, ZHANG Jing
    journal1    2021, 29 (1): 23-27.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2020-1795
    Abstract911)      PDF (638KB)(638)      
    Objective To introduce the Ages &Stages Questionnaires:Social-Emotional,Second Edition (ASQ:SE-2),a parent-completed screening questionnaires for psychological behaviors of children aged 1 to 71 months to China,and to create a Chinese version,thus to explore its cut-off scores for the norm and its reliabilities. Methods According to internationally accepted standard steps,the Chinese version of ASQ:SE-2 was established by cooperating with the original English authors.A stratified cluster random sampling method was utilized to recruit 2 830 children aged 1 to 71 months in 2017-2019 from respectively urban and rural areas in one moderately developed city in each of the six administrative regions of China as the sample,and 176 of them were retested for test-retest reliability.Primary caregivers of children were guided by national unified trained investigators to complete questionnaires online or in paper form.Through qualitative and quantitative analysis of the data,and comparison with the cut-off scores of the English version,the cut-off scores of Chinese children were established in combination with the national conditions.The internal reliability and test-retest reliability of the questionnaires were developed. Results The Chinese version of ASQ:SE-2 was established.The demographic characteristics of this Chinese sample matched the recent China census data on gender,urban or rural location and family income.The percentile norms of ASQ:SE-2 was established,and the 75th percentile (the recognition rate was 15.19%) and the 90th percentile (the recognition rate was 11.80%) were taken as the cut-off scores in the monitoring zone and above the cutoff,respectively.The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the whole measure was 0.77,and test-retest reliability was 0.87( P<0.001). Conclusions ASQ:SE-2 is a reliable and valid measure with a representative national sample norm and appropriate cut-off scores.It can be used to screen and monitor the social-emotional behavior development of children in the mainland of China.
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    Investigation on the influencing factors for anxiety related emotional disorders of children and adolescents with home quarantine during the prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019
    LI Shao-wen, WANG Yue, YANG Yuan-yuan, LEI Xiao-mei, YANG Yu-feng
    journal1    2020, 28 (4): 407-410.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2020-0169
    Abstract899)      PDF (644KB)(1416)      
    Objective To evaluate the mental health status of students aged 8 to 18 during the period of home isolation in the prevalence of coronavirusdisease 2019(COVID-19), so as to provide a basis for psychological counseling for students in special periods. Methods A total of 396 students aged from 8 to 18 were assessed for anxiety/depression by Questionnaire Star survey on February 6th to 8th, 2020.All subjects filled out general information and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders(SCARED) were analyzed for the impact of COVID-19 on children′ and adolescents′ mood and anxiety during home isolation. Results 1) The total score of SCARED in 396 students was 16.44±12.30, 87 (22.0%) with scores≥25 and 309 (78.0%) with scores<25.The mean scores of 5 factors(somatization/panic, generalized anxiety, dissociative anxiety, social phobia and school phobia) and the total scores were compared between the two groups, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=13.156, 19.524, 10.381, 13.964, 7.325, 23.371, P<0.001).2) Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that female students ( OR=2.258, 95% CI:1.370—3.721, P<0.001) and considering themselves in danger ( OR=1.978, 95% CI :1.185—3.301, P=0.009) were risk factors for anxiety among students isolated at home during the epidemic. Conclusionss The prevalence of COVID-19 has some influence on students′ mood, especially for girls.Parents, schools and society should take timely measures to guide students to avoid anxiety in special times.
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    Research progress of common observational scales forearly parent-child interaction
    DING Mei-qi, XU Meng-xue, ZHU Zong-han, GUAN Hong-yan
    journal1    2018, 26 (6): 641-644.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-06-17
    Abstract898)      PDF (568KB)(581)      
    Providing high level of nurturing care is an important factor for young children to achieve their developmental potential. As an important index of nurturing care,Early Parent-Child Interaction has been of increasing concern. Through the observation of parent-child interaction, an objective assessment on the quality of parent-child interaction will be conducted. And it is crucial to identify strengths and problems of parenting in order to provide reasonable interventions. There are dozens of observational tools for assessing parent-child interaction internationally. Emotional Availability Scales (EAS),Parent-Child Interaction Scales (PCI Scales) and Child-Adult Relationship Experimental Index (CARE-Index) are common tools with good psychometric soundness. The background and constructs,reliability and validity,and applications of each scale reported in this review might guide clinicians and researchers working on maternal and child health care in the selection of an appropriate tool for observing parent-child interaction.
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    Research progress in responsive caregiving for infants and toddlers
    XU Yu-ying, WANG Xue-na, LI Jia, AN Zi-fen, YU Li-ping
    Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2023, 31 (1): 71-75.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2022-0343
    Abstract841)      PDF (551KB)(350)      
    Responsive caregiving plays an important role in the early development of infants and toddlers. It can not only promote brain development, emotional and language development of infants and toddlers, but also enhance parent-child attachment and promote their social development. This paper focuses on the researches on responsive caregiving for infants and toddlers at home and abroad from three aspects:measurement tools, influencing factors and intervention measures, in order to provide theoretical reference for further study of responsive caregiving for infants and toddlers.
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    Expert consensus on growth and development follow-up management techniques for high-risk newborns discharged from NICU at 0-3 years old

    Child Health Care Group, Pediatrician Branch, Chinese Medical Association
    Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2021, 29 (8): 809-814.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2020-2035
    Abstract783)      PDF (984KB)(1078)      
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    Study on the development characteristics of 3- to 6-year-old children′s gross movements
    WEN Rui-xiang, JIANG Gui-ping, ZHAO Pan-chao, LI Jia-hui
    Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2021, 29 (10): 1072-1076.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2021-0211
    Abstract779)      PDF (1100KB)(277)      
    Objective To explore the developmental characteristics of 3- to 6-year-old children′s gross movements,so as to provide data support for clinical diagnosis,treatment and educational intervention. Methods From April to July 2019,640 children aged 3—6 were randomly selected from two public kindergartens in Beijing,and Gross Motor Development Test(TGMD-3) was used for gross motor development test. Two-way ANOVA method was used to compare the differences in gross movement scores among children among different age and gender groups. Results There was no significant interaction effect between sex and age in the development of gross movements of 3- to 6-year-old children( P>0.05). There was a significant age main effect on the total score of gross movement,locomotor skills,object control skills and 13 sub-items( P<0.001). The score of rough movements increased with the increase of age. There was a significant gender main effect on the total score of locomotor skills,hop and skip in the 4- to 6-year-old group( P<0.05),which were better in girls than those in boys. The gender main effect also appeared in the score of object control skills,two-hand strike,forehand strike,kick and dribble( P<0.001),and which were better in boys than those in girls. Conclusions The scores of gross movements of 3- to 6-year-old children continue to increase with the increase of age. The locomotor skills of girls are better than those of boys,and the object control skills of boys are better than those of girls. It is suggested to give differential teaching according to the age and gender characteristics of the rough movements development at the age of 3 to 6 years old.
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    Establishment of early learning opportunities in nurturing care
    TONG Meiling
    Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (2): 117-121.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-0044
    Abstract779)      PDF (753KB)(198)      
    Both UNICEF and WHO mention that nurturing care is the most direct and effective approach to promoting early childhood development. Nurturing care emphasizes the importance of caregivers creating a suitable nurturing environment for the early development of children to promote their health and potential. The provision of early learning opportunities is an important aspect of creating a high-quality nurturing environment. This review focuses on the importance of establishing early learning opportunities, the methods of establishing early learning environments, implementing supportive strategies, and employing relevant evaluation methods, in order to provide reference and support for the establishment of early learning opportunities in nurturing care.
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    Research progress on the influence of family nurturing environment on early childhood development
    LI Jia, WANG Xue-na, DU Wen-wen, ZHANG Meng, YU Li-ping
    Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2021, 29 (10): 1096-1099.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2020-1280
    Abstract749)      PDF (573KB)(394)      
    Early childhood development is of great significance to individual, family and society. Improving the parental competence and family nurturing environment is the key and core to promote the early development of children. This paper focuses on the family nurturing environment and early childhood development from the perspective of related concepts, theories, influence and intervention practice, aimed to provide the basis for the relevant empirical research in China, and to provide reference for the improvement of children′s health care work, so as to promote the comprehensive development of early childhood.
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    Establishment and interpretation of warning signs checklist for screening psychological,behavioral and developmental problems of children
    ZHANG Yue, HUANG Xiao-na, WANG Hui-shan, FENG Wei-wei
    journal1    2018, 26 (1): 112-114.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-01-32
    Abstract740)      PDF (566KB)(745)      
    To develop a brief and effective tool for monitoring development of children aged 0~6 years in China,warning signs checklist (WSC) for screening psychological,behavioral and developmental problems of children was established by experts in 2011-2015.The process of establishing WSC included discussion on framework ,building indicators pool,selecting key indicators for each key age-point,indicators interpretation,accuracy and feasibility evaluation,and reliability and validity research.According to exciting developmental scales in China and expert's clinical?experience,WSC has 44 indicators disaggregated into 11 corresponding age points,which covered 4 domains including language,social-emotional,fine motor skill and gross motor skill.
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    Cited: Baidu(2)
    Chinese Journal of Child Health Care    2024, 32 (9): 929-933.   DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-0988
    Abstract734)      PDF (763KB)(132)      
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