Table of Content

01 February 2016, Volume 24 Issue 2

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Original Articles

Survey on prevalence of allergic symptoms among 0 to 24 months old children in Chinese cities

WANG Shuo,JIANG Jing-xiong,WANG Yan,WANG Zi-huan,WANG Ting,WANG Hui-shan

2016, 24(2):  119-122.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-02-03

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Objective To study the situation of allergic diseases among 0~24 months children in Chinese cities,and to provide theoretical basis for early-stage prevention and intervention against infantile allergies. Methods Thirty-three cities were chosen according to China's geological and demographic distribution.Randomly cluster sampling method was used to choose a community within each city as the sample region,the mothers of children were interviewed and conducted face-to-face questionnaire survey. Results The overall prevalence rate reported from parents for urban 0 to 24 months old was 40.9%(95%CI:40.1%~41.6%),the prevalence rate was 12.3%(95%CI:11.7%~13.0%);among prevalent allergic symptoms,the one with the highest rate was rash and pruritus(62.1%),the second and third highest were symptoms of eyes and nose and gastrointestinal symptoms,accounting for 7.6% and 6.9% respectively;The prevalence rate peaked among infants 4 to 6 months old,prevalence rate dropped sharply among infants older than 6 months(P<0.05).The prevalence rate for boys was higher than that of girls(P<0.05). Conclusions The prevalence rate of allergic diseases in Chinese infants and toddlers is approaching the level of developed countries and regions,signifying the importance of primary prevention for infantile allergic diseases.This study provides data for monitoring the trendy of infantile allergies as well as carrying out allergy screening and prevention.

Effect of swallowing function training on oral feeding of preterm infants in NICU

MA Dan,LIU Xiao-qin,WANG Hua,LUO Rong,WANG Qiu,LI Na

2016, 24(2):  123-126.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-02-04

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Objective To explore the effectiveness of swallowing function training on oral feeding performances in premature infants. Methods According to the simple randomized grouping method,140 cases of premature infants were divided into 2 groups,65 cases in the loss of final intervention group,and 69 cases in control group,the intervention group received swallowing function training every day,until stopping tube feeding.The control group received NICU routine nursing care,including intermittent feeding,support position,etc.The postmenstrual age(PMA)of the two groups were recorded when started oral feeding and completely oral feeding.Moreover,feed efficiency was observed at the two time points,weight was recorded every day,weight growth rate was calculated. Results The PMA and weight of the intervention group which through oral feeding completely were significantly less than those of the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Compared the transition time of the two groups from the initiation of oral feeding to full oral feeding,the intervention group's use time was shorter than that of the control group obviously,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).The feeding efficiency in the intervention group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05).The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the length of hospital stay and weight gain rate between the two groups. Conclusion Early swallowing function training is beneficial for the oral feeding in preterm infant.

Study on the evaluation and effect of early intervention flashvisual evoked potential and Bayley Scales of Infant Development Ⅱ on late premature infants

WANG Ting-xue,LI Bei,YANG Hui-lin,ZHANG Jin-ming,XU Xiu

2016, 24(2):  127-130.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-02-05

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Objective To assess the impact of early intervention on late preterm infants' (LPIs) early neuropsychological and visual system development,to provide clinical evidence for early intervention programs in preterm children. Methods LPIs in the intervention group(GA),LPIs in the not intervention group(GB),full-term infants (FTIs) in the control group (GC)were regular followed-up,GA were implemented of early intervention; Three groups of infants whose corrected 3 + 0.7,6±0.7,12±0.7 months of age,were assessed flashvisual evoked potential ( FVEP),Bayley Scales of Infant Development Ⅱ (BSID-Ⅱ). Results 1)FVEP assessment in the three groups showed that the mean P1 latency of GA were 165.59,131.91,102.20 at corrected ages of 3,6 and 12 months respectively;P1 mean of GA increased with age increaseing.Between GC and GA,P1 mean showed no significant difference (P>0.05) at 12 months age,description after the intervention of LPIs its visual neurodevelopment speed.2)BSID-Ⅱ assessment in the three groups showed that the mean PDI scores of GA were 89.6,94.5,102.8; the mean MDI scores of LPIs were 88.9,95.3,101.4 at corrected ages of 3,6 and 12 months respectively;the mean PDI scores of GC were 103.2,103.7,108.2; the mean MDI scores of FTIs were 100.7,104.3,106.1 at 3,6 and 12 months respectively.PDI,MDI mean of GC were maximum among three groups.MDI,PDI means of GA increased with age,P1 mean showed no significant difference (P<0.05) between GC and GA,indicating that LPIs brain psychomotor development speed after the intervention,but lower than FTIs. Conclusions Although visual development,cognitive and motor development levels of LPIs were normal,but lower than FTIs,early interventions to those can improve the cognitive and sports development.Visual development of infants younger than 1 year old is in a non-uniform level to see the development of catch-up after 6 months of age corrected.After 6 months of intervention LPIs comprehensive developmental level is higher than purely visual level of development.Proposal evaluation methods will be used in combination and can play a complementary role.

Research of clinical outcome and timing of treatment in neonates with partial hyperthyrotropinemia.

PAN Ling-lin,QIAN Hong-yan,KUANG Xiao-ni,YAN Shu-yuan,ZENG Yu-dong,LIU Yan

2016, 24(2):  131-133.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-02-06

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Objective To investigate the treatment,outcome and influencing factors of neonatal hyperthyrotropinemia and improve the treatment and follow-up level of hyperthyrotropinemia. Methods Neonates were diagnosed hyperthyrotropinemia in 2012~2014.Some were treated with drug whose concentration of thyrotropin were greater than 15 mU/L.The others were followed up whose concentration of thyrotropin were 6.27～15 mU/L.The follow-up group were splited into two groups with a tangent of 10. Results Two follow-up groups with hyperthyrotropinemia had no significant differences in intelligence,length and natural outcome.The thyroid function of about 80% neonates with hyperthyrotropinemia returned to normal within 6 months. Conclusions 1)84.9% neonates are back to normal on their own whose concentration of thyrotropin are less than 15 mU/L.2)Treatment for neonates should be considered comprehensively whose concentration of thyrotropin are 10~15 mU/L.

Expression of optic atrophy 1 in renal tubular epithelial cells with hypoxia/re-oxygenation and the interventional effects of rhEPO

LIAO Kai-nan,ZOU Li-le,DONG Wen-bin

2016, 24(2):  134-136.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-02-07

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Objective To investigate the expression of optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) in renal tubular epithelial cells with hypoxia/re-oxygenation (H/R) and to evaluate the effects of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) on it. Methods The cultured human kedney proxiamal tubular cell-2 (HK-2) cells in vitro were randomly divided into the following groups:normal control group,H/R group and rhEPO group.The expression of OPA1 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry,the rate of apoptosis cells was detected by flow cytometry. Results Compared with control group,the change in morphology of HK-2 was most serious and obvious,and the apoptosis rate of cells was obviously increased and the expression of OPA1 was significantly decreased in H/R group.But compared with H/R group,the expression of OPA1 were significantly increased in rhEPO group and the apoptosis rate of cells were decreased. Conclusion RhEPO has protective effect on renal tubular epithelial cell injury induced by hypoxia/re-oxygenation,the mechanism may be achieved by inhibiting the expression of OPA1 protein in the cells.

Association between exposure to o-phenylphenol during pregnancy and offspring size at birth

LIANG Wei-jiu,LV Shen-liang,GUO Jian-qiu,LU Da-sheng,WU Chun-hua,XU Hao,ZHOU Zhi-jun

2016, 24(2):  137-140.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-02-08

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Objective To assess the association between prenatal exposures to o-phenylphenol (OPP) and newborns' growth. Methods Questionnaires and spot urine samples were collected from 1 100 pregnant women living in a county of Jiangsu Province.Urinary concentrations of OPP were determined.Associations between maternal urinary concentration of OPP and neonate birth outcomes were investigated. Results Urinary OPP was detected in all samples,and the median values were 0.35 μg/L and 0.54 μg/g creatinine.Generalized linear model indicated that log-transformed OPP concentrations with creatinine correction were negatively associated with birth length (β=-0.670,P=0.006) and head circumference at birth (β=-0.505,P=0.001).OPP concentrations were negatively associated with length,weight and head circumference at birth among male newborns (P<0.05). Conclusion The findings suggest that the pregnant women are widely exposed to OPP in the studied county and urinary OPP concentrations of pregnant women are negatively associated with birth size among male newborns.

Implementation of basic public health services for children in three provinces

GENG Qing-qing,YANG Jin-xia,XU Xiao-chao,PAN Chun-lin,XU Cai-hong,YANG Wei

2016, 24(2):  141-143.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-02-09

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Objectives To understand the implementation of basic public health services for children in China and to provide clues for further adjustment in the future. Methods The 8 counties including 22 community from east,middle and west parts of China,from which health service institutions were selected and employed to conduct field investigation.Study data were collected and arranged by us to perform statistical analysis. Results Statistical significant differences were detected among 3 cities in terms of 9 implement indicators.The differences of some implement effect indicators were also significant among 8 sample counties.The service levels of staffs in children disease screening and children Chinese medicine services were relatively low.Multivariate regression analysis showed that age,educational level and years of working were factors that affecting the service ability of these staffs. Conclusions Although the basic public health service level for children in China is increasing in these years,the service level is still relatively low.In addition to improve child health personnel service ability,relevant departments participation and cooperation are also required.

Effect of leucine on myotubes formation and MyHC expression of primary neonatal rat skeletal muscle satellite cells

YU Mu-xue,DAI Jie-min,ZHUANG Si-qi,GUO Chu-yi,ZHENG Shuo-han,LI Yi-juan,LI Xiao-yu

2016, 24(2):  144-148.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-02-10

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Objective To explore the effect of leucine,the important nutrient for neonatal skeletal muscle growth on myotubes formation and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) expression of primary neonatal rat skeletal muscle satellite cells. Methods The primary neonatal rat skeletal muscle satellite cells were disassociated and purified.In the stage of cell differentiation,they were treated with different concentration of leucine and rapamycin ( 0mM leucine,0.1 mM leucine,0.5 mM leucine,2.0 mM leucine,2.0 mM leucine+50 nM rapamycin).Myotubes were observed and Western blot was performed to detect the expression of MyHC,mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR),p-mTOR and MyoD. Results Leucine promoted the formation of myotubes.The expression of MyHC gradually increased with the differentiation of primary neonatal rat skeletal muscle satellite cells (P<0.05,P<0.01 or P<0.001).The expression of p-mTOR were higher in the 0.5 mM leucine group and 2.0 mM leucine group than that in the 0mM leucine group (P<0.05 or P<0.01).The expressions of p-mTOR were decreased by rapamycin (P<0.05).The expression of MyoD was higher in the 0.5 mM leucine group and 2.0 mM leucine group than that in the 0 mM leucine group (P<0.05).The expression of MyoD was decreased by rapamycin (P<0.05).The expression of MyHC were higher in the 0.5 mM leucine group and 2.0 mM leucine group than that in the 0 mM leucine group (P<0.05 or P<0.01).The expression of MyHC was decreased by rapamycin (P<0.05). Conclusion Leucine promotes the myotubes formation and MyHC expression of primary neonatal rat skeletal muscle satellite cells in part via mTORC1/MyoD signaling pathway.

Meta-analysis of risk factors related to the induction of embryo damage

GUO Li-yan,ZHAI Min,WANG Sha-sha,ZHANG Yan

2016, 24(2):  166-179.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-02-16

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Objective To investigate the risk factors related to the induction of embryo damage with meta-analysis and to provide theoretic evidence for the exploration and prevention. Methods References related to embryo damage were retrieved and collected with case-control study.Mantel-Haensel fixed effect model and Dersimonian-Laird random effect model were used to perform meta-analysis by Review Manager 5.2. Results Thirty-seven articles which included 7 223 cases in embryo damage group and 6 689 cases in control group were synthetically and quantitatively analyzed by Meta-analysis.The factors with odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals in descending order were Chlamydia trachomatis 8.46(5.84~12.25),Mycoplasma urealytium 6.13(4.45~8.43),Chlamydia trachomatis and mycoplasma urealytium 5.90(3.7 7~9.25),radiation 4.83(3.63~6.44),smoking passively 4.27(3.76~4.85),home decoration 2.11(1.76~2.54),pregnancy anxiety 1.42 (1.25~1.59);pre-marital check-up 0.60(0.51~0.71),physical exercise 0.45(0.35~0.57).All these factors were statistically significant. Conclusion Chlamydia trachomatis,Mycoplasma urealytium,radiation and smoking passively were considered to be risk factors of embryo damage,while pre-marital check-up and physical exercise might be associated with protective factors.

Effects of intervention for basic maternal and child health services in Songjiang district of Shanghai

YANG Qing,LIU Lei-lei,PENG Yong-mei

2016, 24(2):  170-173.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-02-17

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Objective To investigate the effects of intervention for basic maternal and child health services in Songjiang district of Shanghai,and provide the advice for effectively improving utilization of maternal and child health services. Methods The investigation subjects were mothers who took their babies aged one year to one and a half years to utilize basic child health service in all of fifteen community health service centers in Songjiang District during the survey time.In June to July 2013,the baseline investigation was conducted.In March 2013,the intervention was implemented,which mainly was free medical examinations for children aged 0~6 years old.In July to September 2014,the terminal investigation was conducted.The differences of awareness on the intervention and basic child health services utilization between two investigations were analyzed. Results Before and after the intervention,the proportion of investigated children who established examination cards were 87.5% and 92.2% respectively,the proportion of investigated children who took more than three physical examinations in the first year of their life were 86.8% and 92.0% respectively,and the proportion of awareness on the intervention were 62.6% and 75.1% respectively.The migrant population increased significantly.Multivariate analysis showed that both the intervention awareness and the intervention were related to the proportion of investigated children who took more than three physical examinations in the first year of their life,whose OR were 4.126 (P<0.001) and 1.875 (P=0.014) respectively. Conclusion The intervention is effective for improving basic health services' utilization,especially on migrant population.In the future,the awareness on intervention,the compensation method and service quality should be improved.

Analysis of risk factors of neonatal hypocalcem

LI Jin-jie,WANG Yong-qin,ZHANG Yong-feng,ZHAO Yue-hua,ZHU Hai-ling, LIU Qian,LIU Xiao-xiao,YUAN Feng-ying,JI Can

2016, 24(2):  174-176.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-02-18

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Objective To investigate the impact of risk factors for neonatal hypocalcem and to provide theoretical basis for clinical practice. Methods One hundred and sixty-two infants were enrolled as subjects.Blood samples shared with biochemical analyzer to check serum total calcium.The groups were divided into two groups:hypocalcemia (n=74) and non- hypocalcemia (n=88).In the incidence of hypocalcem as the dependent variable,the influencing factors as independent variables to establish Logistic regression model.The non conditional Logistic regression analysis conducted with SPSS17.0 software. Results In the multiple Logistic regression analysis,gestational age,birth weight,asphyxia,low serum vitamin D concentration in newborns,vitamin D deficiency and diabetes during pregnancy were independently associated with hypocalcem (P＜0.05),prompted the lighter birth weight,the smaller the gestational age,low serum vitamin D concentration in newborns,asphyxia occurred and vitamin D deficiency and diabetes during pregnancy appeared higher risk of neonatal hypocalcemia greater.Among the 29 neonates who underwent amplitude-integrated EEG(aEEG),22 had abnormalities,which normalized after calcium returned to normal. Conclusions The gestational age,birth weight,asphyxia,low serum vitamin D concentration in newborns,vitamin D deficiency and diabetes during pregnancy are risk factors for hypocalemia.Moreover,transient neonatal hypocalcimia can cause transient aEEG abnormalities.

Clinical significance of tidal breathing lung function test in infants with recurrent wheezing after bronchiolitis in Cangzhou rural area

ZUO Yan-fang,WANG Rong,ZHANG Jing,HE Jun,ZHOU Jiu-ju,ZHANG Li

2016, 24(2):  177-179.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-02-19

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Objective To explore the changes and the clinical significance of tidal breathing lung function in infants with recurrent wheezing after bronchiolitis in Cangzhou rural area. Methods One hundred and two infants with recurrent wheezing after bronchiolitis were enrolled.According to asthma predictive index,the infants were divided into positive group (n=45) and negative group (n=57) as observation group,and another 30 healthy children were enrolled as control group.Tidal breathing lung function of acute stage (on admission),remission stage and recovery stage (3 months after discharge from hospital) were tested,the ratio of time taken to reach peak expiratory flow to total expiratory time( TPTEF/TE) and the ratio of peak expiratory volume to total expiratory volume( VPEF/VE) were compared among three groups. Results In acute stage,TPTEF/TE,VPEF/VE,VT,Ti,Te showed no significant statistical differences (P>0.05) between positive group and negative group,but TPTEF/TE and VPEF/VE were significantly decreased,compared with control group (P<0.01).In remission stage,TPTEF/TE,VPEF/VE in positive group and negative group were higher than those in acute stage,but significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05).In recovery stage,TPTEF/TE,VPEF/VE in positive group were lower than those in control group (P<0.01).While the difference between negative group and control group showed no statistical significance (P>0.05). Conclusions Among the infants with recurrent wheezing after bronchiolitis in Cangzhou rural area,the lung function damage duration is longer in asthma predictive index positive group than in the negative group,and still existed 3 months after discharge from hospital.Tidal breathing lung function test can provide some clinical reference for early recognition of asthma and can be helpful in developing standard treatment plans for the prevention and treatment of asthma.

Epidemiologic characteristics of neural tube defects in Shunyi district of Beijing from 2006 to 2012

SUN Hong-ya,XU Yan-jun,YU Jing-ru,JIN Lei

2016, 24(2):  180-182.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-02-20

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Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of neural tube defects (NTDs) in Shunyi district from 2006 to 2012. Method Data from Shunyi district's birth defects monitoring network were used to describe the prevalence and the trends of NTDs. Results The prevalence of NTDs was 12.6/10⁴.The prevalence rates of anencephaly,spina bifida,and encephalocele were 6.7/10⁴,4.9/10⁴ and 1.0/10⁴,respectively.The change tendency of overall prevalence rates of NTDs were not statistical significantly,while the prevalence rates of spina bifida was decreased from 2006 to 2012 (P<0.05).The prevalence of NTDs among permanent residence in Beijing was 6.8/10⁴,and the prevalence among the floating population was 20.0/10⁴ births (P<0.01). Conclusions The prevalence of NTDs in Shunyi is 12.6/10⁴ without time trend for variations while the prevalence rates of spina bifida is decreased from 2006 to 2012.The prevalence of NTDs among floating population is higher than permanent residence in Beijing.Strengthen the NTDs prevention among flowing population is suggested.

Analysis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia screening and determination in singletons and twins newborns in Guangxi

LUO Chao,FAN Xin,LIN Cai-juan,GENG Guo-xing,LI Wang,YU Jin-wu,HUANG Ying,WEN Juan

2016, 24(2):  183-184.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-02-21

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Objective To analyse congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) screening results of singletons and twins newborns in Guangxi,and discover the relationship between fetus number and 17-hydroxyprogesterone(17-OHP) level. Methods Newborns born from January 2012 to June 2015 in Guangxi were screened for CAH.Time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay was used to measure blood 17-OHP level.χ² test was used to compare 17-OHP level of singletons and twins. Results In 378 252 newborns,twins were 9 464,suspected positive rate of singletons and twins was 2.85% and 0.38% respectively.Gestation age,birth weight,suspected positive rate and prevalence of singletons and twins had significant differences (P<0.01). Conclusions Positive rate and prevalence of CAH of twins are higher than singletons.One of twin is suspected positive,the other should be recalled to prevent missed diagnosis.

Change of D-dimer,procalcitonin and C-reactive protein levels in children with mycoplasma pneumonia combined with pleural effusion

GAO Ling,HAN Jun,CHENG Cheng,WANG Jun-le

2016, 24(2):  185-187.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-02-22

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Objective To investigate the role of D-dimer (DD),procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in diagnosis and prognosis in children with mycoplasma pneumonia (MP) combined with pleural effusion. Methods The clinical data of 58 children with MP combined with pleural effusion were collected.The general characteristics of patients were analyzed retrospectively.The levels of DD,PCT and CRP among onset period group,recovery period group and healthy control group were detected.The levels of DD,PCT,CRP and conventional detection index of pleural effusion among different groups of pleural effusion quantity were detected,and the correlation between increased levels of DD,PCT and CRP and prognosis were analyzed. Results The levels of DD,PCT and CRP of onset period group were higher than those of the recovery period group and control group,and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01);The levels of DD in recovery period group was higher than in control group (P<0.01).PCT levels had no significant difference between recovery period group and control group (P> 0.05),and the increased levels of CRP in recovery period group was insignificant compared to control group (P=0.015);The proportion of elevated levels of DD,PCT and CRP in onset period group were significantly higher than those of recovery period group;The levels of DD,PCT,CRP,TP,LDH,ADA and WBC with children in large volume pleural effusion were significantly higher than those in small amount pleural effusion and middle volume pleural effusion group,and the level of CRP was positively correlated with DD and PCT in recovery period group. Conclusion The increased levels of DD,PCT and CRP may reflect the severity and prognosis of mycoplasma pneumonia combined with pleural effusion.

Role of serum ghrelin on myocardial hypoxia inflammation in children with tetralogy of Fallot

ZHAO Xiao-jie,GENG Yu-lan,ZHAO-jing,CHEN Zheng-li,LI Xiao-bing,LI Mei

2016, 24(2):  188-190.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-02-23

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Objective To investigate the roles of both serum ghrelin and high-sensibivity CRP (hs-CRP) on myocardial hypoxia inflammation in children with tetralogy of Fallot(TOF). Method Serum which were collected from children with TOF (TOF group,n=60) from our Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Congenital Heart Disease from January,2011 to May,2015 and healthy children(control group,n=30) in the same period were examined for ghrelin and hs-CRP.Serum concentrations of both ghrelin and hs-CRP of two groups were compared while their correlation were analyzed. Result The levels of both ghrelin and hs-CRP in children with TOF groups were significantly higher than these in controls (P<0.01),and ghrelin had positive correlation with hs-CRP. Conclusion Serum ghrelin in children with TOF is positively correlated with serum hs-CRP,which suggests that serum ghrelin plays certain protection role on myocardial hypoxia inflammation in children with TOF.

Evaluation of brain development and injury in preterm infants by neonatal behavioral neurological assessment

XING Shan,LIU Li,LI Gai-lian,SUN Hui- qing,KANG Wen-qing

2016, 24(2):  191-194.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-02-24

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Objectives To analyze the neonatal behavioral neurological assessment (NBNA) score in the evaluation of brain development,brain injury and prognostic in preterm infants. Methods The research was performed on 397 preterm infants who performed NBNA from January 2012 to December 2013 at the neonatal intensive care unit in Zhengzhou Children's Hospital and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University,divided into high-risk abnormal group (group HRAN,n=206),high-risk normal group (group HRN,n=108),the "normal" group (group N,n=83),the difference of NBNA score was compared among three groups,and the effect of NBNA score in assessing prognosis was analyzed. Results With the rising of the assessment time,NBNA score showed an increasing tread in three groups,and there was a deceleration trend with the GA grouping.The increasing of NBNA score was group HRN >group N> group HRAN (P<0.05).NBNA scores in the three groups were lower than 36 points when GA corrected to preterm;When the GA corrected to term,NBNA score was lower than 36 points in group HRAN,higher than 36 points in group HRN,and higher than 37 points in group N.The mental retardation children with NBNA score less than 35 points were more when the GA corrected was to 37 weeks,there were significant statistical difference(P<0.01). Conclusion NBNA score can be used to reflect the condition and discipline of brain development in preterm infants,and it has relationship with the outcome of brain development.

Influence of Hepatitis B vaccine event on children's immunization

CAI Lin,FANG Qiong,WANG Yong-gang,LIN Bao-ni,CAO Li,DUAN Li-na

2016, 24(2):  195-197.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-02-25

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Objective To explove the influence of Hepatitis B vaccine (HBV) event on children's immunization,assess the extent and lasting time. Method The data of vaccines use of children's routine immunization were collected from 2011 to 2014 and focused on data from 2013 to 2014. Results The usage of first type vaccines in 2014 was decreased 8.57% compared to 2013,the lowest month was January 2014,first type vaccines and free HBV vaccine felled 43.24% and 50.38% compared with the same period in 2013.After HBV vaccine event,usage of the second type vaccine was increased steadily,rose 8.64% compared with 2013.The substitute ratio of first type vaccine was 39.38% in 2014,rose 11.57% compared with 2013. Conclusion The HBV event had caused a great impact on first type vaccine immunization,the wishes of parents to choose second type vaccine increased,we should enhance propaganda on efficacy and safety of first type vaccine,restore parents' vaccination confidence.

Analysis of allergen test results in children with allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma in Weifang

SUN Zhong-hou,LI Xiao-li,WU Fan,YI Rui-hua

2016, 24(2):  198-200.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-02-26

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Objective To investigate major allergens of children with allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma in Weifang region,and to provide evidence for prevention,clinical diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases. Methods Skin prick test (SPT) was done in 234 children (71 with allergic rhinitis,84 with bronchial asthma,46 with both allergic rhinitis and asthma),and the findings were analyzed statistically. Results The SPT was performed in the 234 cases,201 cases were positive (85.90%).Two major allergens were dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DP) and dermatophagoides farinae (DF),and the positive rates were 79.10% and 77.11%,respectively,followed by hairtail (17.91%),dog epithelium (17.41%),shrimp(16.92%),milk(13.43%),penicillium notatum (12.44%).The positive rate of aeroallergen group was much higher than that of food allergen group (P＜0.01).The SPT positive rates of allergic rhinitis group,bronchial asthma group and both allergic rhinitis and asthma group were 88.75%,86.60% and 80.70%,respectively,and there was no significant differences between three groups in SPT positive rate (P＞0.05). Conclusions DP and DF are two major allergens causing allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma in children in Weifang region.SPT positive rate of aeroallergens is increased with increasing age,but SPT positive rate of food allergens is decreased with increasing age.Aeroallergens are the most common allergens causing allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma in children.

Factors impacting on allergy symptoms in infants

LIU Jia-hui,HUANG Guang-wen

2016, 24(2):  201-203.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-02-27

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Objective To find the incidence and influencing factors of allergy symptoms in infants. Method Questionnaires were applied to analyze relations between the infants' allergy symptoms with feeding patterns,family environments,and mother's conditions during pregnancy. Result The research showed that the risk factors concluded having antibiotics for three days,playing stuffed toys,contacting with smoking,having complementary food earlier in infants,and contacting with the mosquito repellent chemicals in pregnancy. Conclusion There are factors can affect on the allergy symptoms in infants such as genetic and environmental factor.

Efficacy of caffeine citrate for prevention apnea in very low birth weight infants

SHEN Zhen-zhen,WEN Ge-sheng

2016, 24(2):  207-209.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-02-29

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Objective To compare the efficacy of caffeine citrate and aminophylline in treatment of apnea of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Methods Totally 100 VLBW infants who were born and inhospitaled at our hospital during March 2013 to March 2015 were analyzed.48 VLBW infants during March 2013 to March 2014 were control group,52 VLBW infants during March 2014 to March 2015 were test group.The control group infants were given aminophylline during the treatment:a loading dose of 5 mg/kg for 30 minutes intravenous infusion,a dose of 2 mg/kg after 12 hours,and once every 12 hours.The test group infants were gave caffeine citrate treatment during the treatment:a loading dose of 20 mg/kg for intravenous infusion,a dose of 5 mg/kg after 24 hours,and once per day.The situations of incidence of apnea,duration of oxygen therapy,reaching full milk-feeding time,intravascular hemorrhage (IVH),necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC),retinopathy of prematurity (ROP),bronchopulmonary dysplasia (RPD) and mortality rate of two groups were compared. Results 1)Compared with the control group,the apnea incidence of test group's premature infants was decreased,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);2)Compared with the control group,the test group had lower incidences of IVH,BPD,ROP and assisted ventilation rate,the differences were statistically significant [9(18.7%) vs 3(5.7%),χ²=3.98,P<0.05] ;[19(39.6%) vs 10(19.2%),χ²=5.05,P<0.05];[10(20.8%) vs 2(3.8%),χ²=6.85,P<0.05];3)The incidences of NEC,fatality,oxygen therapy,time to reach full milk-feeding,etc had no statistically significant differences between two groups (P>0.05); Conclusion Efficacy of caffeine citrate in prevention and treatment of premature infant apnea and its improving the prognosis of premature infants in the near future are better than those of aminophylline,but the outcome remains need further follow-up.

Clinical analysis and video electroencephalograms of 60 cases of neonatal seizure

WANG Qiu-xia,ZHANG Jie,LI Yu-qin,LU Hong-yan

2016, 24(2):  210-212.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-02-30

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Objective To provide reference for the clinical diagnosis and analysis of neonatal seizure. Methods 60 cases of neonatal seizure were totally summarized and the general states,clinical manifestations,modes on set and video electroencephalograms were analyzed. Results The most common causes of neonatal seizure in 60 cases were neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy(33.3%),infection(13.3%),hypoglycemia(10.0%),intracranial hemorrhage(8.3%) and electrolyte disturbances(8.3%).The most common mode of onset were minimal seizure(41.7%),then clonic seizure(29.1%).The results of 28 (46.7%)cases of video electroencephalogram were normal,and 32 were abnormal,about 53.3%. Conclusions Neonatal seizure are caused by many types of disease.In clinical work,careful observation and necessary examinations,such as video electroencephalogram,are useful to diagnosis and pathogenesis.So better improvements and decrease of sequela of nervous system could be obtained.

Analysis of influence factors of phenylketonuria treatment compliance in Xinjiang area

LIU Xiao-ran,CHEN Xi,XIA Yan,HAN Ning-ning,LIU Zhi-juan,Paizilaiti-Hasimu,DUAN Ling

2016, 24(2):  213-216.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-02-31

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Objective To study the treatment status of phenylketonuria (PKU) children,and analyze the factors influencing phenylketonuria childre's treatment compliance in Xinjiang area. Methods Totally 33 PKU children who were screened and delayed to be treated in the Neonatal Screening Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2011 to January 2015 were enrolled in this study.On the basis of the time of diagnosis,they were divided into the new screening group (14 cases) and delayed group (19 cases),the PKU children's treatment status was investigated by reading medical records and telephone follow up,univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis and χ² test were used to analyze the factors influencing PKU children's treatment compliance in Xinjiang area. Results The family income below average level (OR=2.815,P<0.05),and the national minority(Uyghur,Hui,Kazak) (OR:1.332~2.240,P<0.05)were risk factors influencing PKU children's treatment compliance.The PKU children's treatment compliance of new screening was higher than that delayed to be treated (P<0.05).There was no significance difference in treatment compliance between PKU children with different genders (P>0.05). Conclusions The family income(below average level),the national minority(Uyghur,Hui,Kazak)and the time of diagnosis (delayed to be treated) are important factors influencing PKU children's treatment compliance.Expanding the coverage of neonatal disease screening and equipping with a doctor of ethnic minorities for ethnic minority patients,is one way to improve the treatment compliance.

Study on screening cut-off points of the thyroid-stimulating hormone in Anqing

CHEN Shi-qing,CHEN Jun,DENG Hong,WANG Liang-xiu,ZHAO Jing-zhi, LIU Hao,YU Bao-sheng,WU Zhen-zhen,YU Jia,WU Fang

2016, 24(2):  217-218.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-02-32

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Objective To know the distribution of TSH and incidence of neonatal congenital hypothyroidism(CH),and study the screening cut-off points of the thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH)in Anqing. Methods The neonatal screening data about 59 295 newborns in Anqing were analyzed and the TSH cut-off points were calculated by method of percentiles and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC)curve,then,the incidence of sufferers was analyzed by different cut-off points. Results The distribution of the neonatal screening data was deflection,P₅₀ was 2.52 mU/L,P₉₉ was 8.94 mU/L.Combined with ROC curve,the cut-off points of our lab was 8.12 mU/L. Conclusions Different cut-off points effect the consequences of the neonatal screening.It is important to establish the suitable cut-off points with ROC curve based on lab.

Analysis of dental caries and oral health behavior among preschool children in Zhangjiagang

CHEN Ling,ZHANG Zhong-liang,DENG Hong-yan,CHEN Jian,WANG Hai-xia

2016, 24(2):  219-222.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-02-33

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Objective To evaluate the prevalence of dental caries and oral health behavior among preschool children in Zhangjiagang,and to provide evidence for prevention of dental caries. Methods A total of 1 405 preschool children from 16 preschools in Zhangjiagang were selected by the means of random,stratified and cluster sampling.Dental caries was diagnosed by oral examination and questionnaire survey was conducted among their parents.The results were analyzed by Logistic regression analysis. Results The prevalence rate of caries was 61.99%,the mean number of decayed,missed and filled teeth (dmft) was 2.81,the filled rate was 3.54%.The caries prevalence rate of boys and girls were 63.21% and 60.63% respectively,and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05).The rate of urban and rural was 60.86% and 63.36% respectively,the difference was also not statistically significant (P>0.05).As the growth of the age,the rate also increased,there was statistically significant difference between different age groups (χ²=39.470,P<0.05).The ratio of children who began to brush their teeth before 3 years old was 30.25%,but only 1.00% started brushing when they were 6 months,While 18.78% brushed occasionally or even never brushed.The ratio of children who never ate sweet food before sleeping was only 23.42%.High frequency of eating sweet food before bedtime and began to brush teeth later were important risk factors for dental caries,the differences were both statistically significant(χ²=9.740,14.913,P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence rate of caries among preschool children in Zhangjiagang is high,and their oral health behavior is poor,so it is necessary to strengthen oral health education for both children and parents.