Objective To investigate the impact of risk factors for neonatal hypocalcem and to provide theoretical basis for clinical practice. Methods One hundred and sixty-two infants were enrolled as subjects.Blood samples shared with biochemical analyzer to check serum total calcium.The groups were divided into two groups:hypocalcemia (n=74) and non- hypocalcemia (n=88).In the incidence of hypocalcem as the dependent variable,the influencing factors as independent variables to establish Logistic regression model.The non conditional Logistic regression analysis conducted with SPSS17.0 software. Results In the multiple Logistic regression analysis,gestational age,birth weight,asphyxia,low serum vitamin D concentration in newborns,vitamin D deficiency and diabetes during pregnancy were independently associated with hypocalcem (P＜0.05),prompted the lighter birth weight,the smaller the gestational age,low serum vitamin D concentration in newborns,asphyxia occurred and vitamin D deficiency and diabetes during pregnancy appeared higher risk of neonatal hypocalcemia greater.Among the 29 neonates who underwent amplitude-integrated EEG(aEEG),22 had abnormalities,which normalized after calcium returned to normal. Conclusions The gestational age,birth weight,asphyxia,low serum vitamin D concentration in newborns,vitamin D deficiency and diabetes during pregnancy are risk factors for hypocalemia.Moreover,transient neonatal hypocalcimia can cause transient aEEG abnormalities.