基于多中心研究的学龄前儿童静态平衡发展变化趋势分析

doi:10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-0882

中国儿童保健杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 265-270.DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-0882

基于多中心研究的学龄前儿童静态平衡发展变化趋势分析

杨志勇^1*, 何彦璐^1*, 董文红², 匡晓妮³, 张雪娇⁴, 王念蓉⁵, 骆艳⁶, 杨琳⁷, 朱宗涵⁸, 王健⁹, 关宏岩¹⁰, 童梅玲¹

1.南京医科大学附属妇产医院(南京市妇幼保健院)儿童保健科南京市发育行为医学重点实验室,江苏南京 210004;
2.浙江大学附属儿童医院国家儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心;
3.长沙市妇幼保健院;
4.沈阳市妇幼保健院;
5.重庆市妇幼保健院;
6.贵阳市妇幼保健院;
7.西安交通大学第二附属医院;
8.全国妇幼健康研究会儿童早期发展专委会;
9.浙江大学教育学院体育学系;
10.首都儿科研究所婴幼儿照护服务研究指导中心

收稿日期:2024-07-25 修回日期:2024-11-08 发布日期:2025-03-06 出版日期:2025-03-10
通讯作者: 童梅玲,E-mail: meilingtong111@126.com
作者简介:杨志勇(1993—),男,中级治疗师,本科学历,主要研究方向为儿童康复;何彦璐(1987—),女,副主任治疗师,硕士学位,主要研究方向为儿童康复。注:^*共同第一作者。
基金资助:
国家卫健委妇幼司儿童健康科研相关课题(2019年)

Analysis of developmental trends in static balance among preschool children based on multicenter research

YANG Zhiyong^1*, HE Yanlu^1*, DONG Wenhong², KUANG Xiaoni³, ZHANG Xuejiao⁴, WANG Nianrong⁵, LUO Yan⁶, YANG Lin⁷, ZHU Zonghan⁸, WANG Jian⁹, GUAN Hongyan¹⁰, TONG Meiling¹

1. Department of Child Health Care, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University(Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital), Nanjing Medical Key Laboratory of Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, China;
2. Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health;
3. Changsha Hospital forMunicipal Maternal and Child Health Care;
4. Shenyang Maternity and Child Health Hospital;
5. Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children;
6. Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital;
7. The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University;
8. Early Childhood Development Technical Committee, Chinese Association for Maternal and Child Health Studies;
9. Department of Physical Education, Zhejiang University;
10. Nurturing Care Research and Guidance Center, Capital Institute of Pediatrics

Received:2024-07-25 Revised:2024-11-08 Online:2025-03-10 Published:2025-03-06
Contact: TONG Meiling, E-mail:meilingtong111@126.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的分析学龄前儿童静态平衡能力随年龄增长的变化趋势及年龄对其影响的异质性,为儿童早期平衡能力的评估及干预提供依据。方法采取分层整群抽样方法,于2020年8月—2021年5月在全国六大行政区8个城市抽取共1 605例3～6岁儿童,按半岁一组划分为7个年龄组,进行不同条件下的单脚站测试,记录睁眼左脚单脚站时间(OL)、睁眼右脚单脚站时间(OR)、闭眼左脚单脚站时间(CL)、闭眼右脚单脚站时间(CR)。采用Wilcoxon符号秩检验及Kruskal-Wallis检验等分析静态平衡发展变化趋势,采用分位数回归方法分析年龄对单脚站时间影响的异质性。结果 OL(H=424.881)、OR(H=383.511)、CL(H=216.635)、CR(H=209.754)随年龄增加显著延长,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001)。OL和CL、OR和CR的差值呈逐年稳定增长趋势,年龄组间结果差异有统计学意义(H=355.351,303.520,P＜0.001)。单脚站时间0.05分位数水平上年龄对单脚站时间影响的回归系数远低于0.50和0.95分位数水平。结论学龄前儿童静态平衡能力随年龄增长而提高,但呈现年龄特征性,4～5岁可能是关键的平衡能力提升期,且影响平衡能力的感觉机制中视觉权重更大。年龄对学龄前儿童单脚站时间的影响存在异质性,能力较差儿童未显示随年龄增长而改善的迹象。因此,需要早期关注学龄前儿童平衡能力,及时干预,促进其运动能力发展。

关键词: 平衡, 睁眼单脚站, 闭眼单脚站, 学龄前儿童, 分位数回归

Abstract: Objective To analyze the trend of static balance ability among preschool children with age and the heterogeneity of age influence on it, in order to provide a basis for the assessment and intervention of early childhood balance ability. Methods Using stratified cluster sampling, a total of 1 605 children aged 3 to 6 years were recruited from eight cities in six administrative regions across China between August 2020 and May 2021. They were divided into seven age groups by half-year increments. The one-leg standing test was conducted under different conditions, and the following durations were recorded: Open-eye left-foot stand(OL), open-eye right-foot stand(OR), closed-eye left-foot stand(CL), and closed-eye right-foot stand(CR). Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to analyze the trend of static balance development. Quantile regression analysis was used to assess the heterogeneity of age's influence on one-leg standing time. Results The duration of OL(H=424.881), OR(H=383.511), CL(H=216.635), and CR(H=209.754) significantly increased with age(P＜0.001). The differences between OL and CL, and between OR and CR, showed a steady increase each year, with statistically significant differences among age groups (H=355.351, 303.520, P<0.001). At the 0.05 quantile level of one-leg standing time, the regression coefficient for age's influence on one-leg standing time was much lower than that at the 0.50 and 0.95 quantile levels. Conclusions The static balance ability of preschool children improves with age but exhibits age-specific characteristics, with 4 to 5 years being a critical period for balance ability enhancement. Among the sensory mechanisms affecting balance ability,vision plays a more significant role. There is heterogeneity in the influence of age on one-leg standing time among preschool children, and those with poorer ability do not show signs of improvement with age. Therefore, early attention should be paid to the balance ability of preschool children, with timely interventions to promote the development of their motor skills.

Key words: balance, one-leg stance with eyes open, one-leg stance with eyes closed, preschool children, quantile regression

中图分类号:

R179

杨志勇, 何彦璐, 董文红, 匡晓妮, 张雪娇, 王念蓉, 骆艳, 杨琳, 朱宗涵, 王健, 关宏岩, 童梅玲. 基于多中心研究的学龄前儿童静态平衡发展变化趋势分析[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2025, 33(3): 265-270.

YANG Zhiyong, HE Yanlu, DONG Wenhong, KUANG Xiaoni, ZHANG Xuejiao, WANG Nianrong, LUO Yan, YANG Lin, ZHU Zonghan, WANG Jian, GUAN Hongyan, TONG Meiling. Analysis of developmental trends in static balance among preschool children based on multicenter research[J]. Chinese Journal of Child Health Care, 2025, 33(3): 265-270.

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基于多中心研究的学龄前儿童静态平衡发展变化趋势分析

Analysis of developmental trends in static balance among preschool children based on multicenter research

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