父母教养方式和儿童体育活动与3～4岁儿童睡眠问题的关联研究

doi:10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-0545

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的探讨父母教养方式、儿童体育活动与3～4岁儿童睡眠问题的关系,为改善幼儿睡眠问题提供依据。方法采用随机抽样方式,于2022年3—4月在嘉兴市抽取3所普通公立幼儿园的347名3～4岁儿童。以《儿童睡眠习惯问卷》总分(>41分)定义为儿童睡眠问题。采用Logistic回归模型分析父母教养方式与儿童睡眠问题的关系,采用调节效应模型分析儿童体育活动的调节作用。结果父亲和母亲的支持/参与教养行为与儿童睡眠问题呈负相关(父:OR=0.941,95%CI:0.903～0.980;母:OR=0.938,95%CI:0.901～0.977),而父亲和母亲的敌意/强制教养行为与儿童睡眠问题呈正相关(父:OR=1.034,95%CI:1.002～1.067;母:OR=1.038,95%CI:1.005～1.072)。儿童体育活动对父母敌意/强制或支持/参与教养行为与儿童睡眠问题的关联有显著调节作用(P<0.05)。结论父母积极的教养行为与3～4岁儿童睡眠问题的减少有关,父母的消极教养行为与儿童睡眠问题的增加有关,而儿童的体育活动在教养方式和儿童睡眠问题之间起调节作用,且儿童每天体育活动达到2h时,就可以缓冲父母教养方式对儿童发生睡眠问题的不良影响。3～4岁儿童的睡眠可能受益于改善父母教养方式和促进儿童体育活动水平的策略。

关键词: 父母教养方式, 睡眠问题, 体育活动, 3～4岁儿童

Abstract: Objectives To explore the relationship among parenting styles, physical activity (PA), and sleep problems in 3- to 4-year-old children, so as to provide basis for improving young children's sleep issues. Methods By random sampling, a total of 347 Chinese children aged 3 to 4 years were recruited from 3 common public kindergartens in Jiaxing City from March to April 2022. Sleep problems were defined as a total score >41 on the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the relationship between parenting styles and children's sleep problems, and moderation effect models were employed to investigate the moderating role of children's PA. Results Supportive/involved parenting behaviors from both fathers (OR=0.941, 95%CI: 0.903 - 0.980) and mothers (OR=0.938, 95%CI: 0.901 - 0.977) were negatively associated with sleep problems, while hostile/coercive parenting behaviors from both fathers (OR=1.034, 95%CI: 1.002 - 1.067) and mothers (OR=1.038, 95%CI: 1.005 - 1.072) were positively correlated with sleep problems. Children's PA significantly moderated the associations between parents' hostile/coercive or supportive/involved parenting behaviors and children's sleep problems (P<0.05). Conclusions Positive parenting behaviors are associated with reduced sleep problems in 3- to 4-year-old children, while negative parenting behaviors are associated with increased sleep problems. Children's PA moderates the relationship between parenting styles and sleep problems, and engaging in 2 hours of PA daily can buffer the adverse effects of parenting styles on children's sleep problems. Strategies to improve parenting styles and promote PA levels among 3- to 4-year-old children may benefit their sleep.

Key words: parenting style, sleep problem, physical activity, 3- to 4-year-old children

中图分类号:

R179

吴燕, 叶孙岳. 父母教养方式和儿童体育活动与3～4岁儿童睡眠问题的关联研究[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2025, 33(3): 259-264.

WU Yan, YE Sunyue. Association of parenting styles, physical activity with sleep problems among 3 - 4 years old children[J]. Chinese Journal of Child Health Care, 2025, 33(3): 259-264.

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