目的 分析学龄前儿童静态平衡能力随年龄增长的变化趋势及年龄对其影响的异质性,为儿童早期平衡能力的评估及干预提供依据。方法 采取分层整群抽样方法,于2020年8月—2021年5月在全国六大行政区8个城市抽取共1 605例3～6岁儿童,按半岁一组划分为7个年龄组,进行不同条件下的单脚站测试,记录睁眼左脚单脚站时间(OL)、睁眼右脚单脚站时间(OR)、闭眼左脚单脚站时间(CL)、闭眼右脚单脚站时间(CR)。采用Wilcoxon符号秩检验及Kruskal-Wallis检验等分析静态平衡发展变化趋势,采用分位数回归方法分析年龄对单脚站时间影响的异质性。结果 OL(H=424.881)、OR(H=383.511)、CL(H=216.635)、CR(H=209.754)随年龄增加显著延长,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001)。OL和CL、OR和CR的差值呈逐年稳定增长趋势,年龄组间结果差异有统计学意义(H=355.351,303.520,P＜0.001)。单脚站时间0.05分位数水平上年龄对单脚站时间影响的回归系数远低于0.50和0.95分位数水平。结论 学龄前儿童静态平衡能力随年龄增长而提高,但呈现年龄特征性,4～5岁可能是关键的平衡能力提升期,且影响平衡能力的感觉机制中视觉权重更大。年龄对学龄前儿童单脚站时间的影响存在异质性,能力较差儿童未显示随年龄增长而改善的迹象。因此,需要早期关注学龄前儿童平衡能力,及时干预,促进其运动能力发展。
Abstract
Objective To analyze the trend of static balance ability among preschool children with age and the heterogeneity of age influence on it, in order to provide a basis for the assessment and intervention of early childhood balance ability. Methods Using stratified cluster sampling, a total of 1 605 children aged 3 to 6 years were recruited from eight cities in six administrative regions across China between August 2020 and May 2021. They were divided into seven age groups by half-year increments. The one-leg standing test was conducted under different conditions, and the following durations were recorded: Open-eye left-foot stand(OL), open-eye right-foot stand(OR), closed-eye left-foot stand(CL), and closed-eye right-foot stand(CR). Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to analyze the trend of static balance development. Quantile regression analysis was used to assess the heterogeneity of age's influence on one-leg standing time. Results The duration of OL(H=424.881), OR(H=383.511), CL(H=216.635), and CR(H=209.754) significantly increased with age(P＜0.001). The differences between OL and CL, and between OR and CR, showed a steady increase each year, with statistically significant differences among age groups (H=355.351, 303.520, P<0.001). At the 0.05 quantile level of one-leg standing time, the regression coefficient for age's influence on one-leg standing time was much lower than that at the 0.50 and 0.95 quantile levels. Conclusions The static balance ability of preschool children improves with age but exhibits age-specific characteristics, with 4 to 5 years being a critical period for balance ability enhancement. Among the sensory mechanisms affecting balance ability,vision plays a more significant role. There is heterogeneity in the influence of age on one-leg standing time among preschool children, and those with poorer ability do not show signs of improvement with age. Therefore, early attention should be paid to the balance ability of preschool children, with timely interventions to promote the development of their motor skills.
关键词
平衡 /
睁眼单脚站 /
闭眼单脚站 /
学龄前儿童 /
分位数回归
Key words
balance /
one-leg stance with eyes open /
one-leg stance with eyes closed /
preschool children /
quantile regression
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基金
国家卫健委妇幼司儿童健康科研相关课题(2019年)
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