Table of Content

01 October 2016, Volume 24 Issue 10

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Effect of early feeding on insulin sensitivity of small for gestational age.

ZHANG Hui,WANG Xin-li,HAN Tong-yan,PIAO Mei-hua,TONG Xiao-mei,XING Yan.

2016, 24(10):  1012-1015.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-10-02

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Objective To analyze the changes in insulin sensitivity of small for gestational age (SGA) and the effect of different feeding for SGA on insulin sensitivity. Methods SGA borns in Peking University Third Hospital obstetrics in June 2011 to June 2014 were collected,for SGA group.Appropriate for gestational age (AGA) borns in the same period and in the same hospital were named as normal control (NC) group.All the subjects were enrolled into the Child Health Care Center to follow-up,examining physical measurements,measuring fasting blood glucose and insulin levels.Then on the basis of the formula,insulin resistance index (IRI) was calculated.According to different feeding within four months after birth,they were divided into breastfeeding group,artificial feeding group and the mixed feeding group.Then according to whether IRI of SGA group was higher than the median of the NC group,SGA was divided into two groups,non insulin sensitive group and insulin sensitive group. Results The growth rate of SGA was faster than that of normal weight infant,but had been unable to catch up with AGA in infant period.By the end of infancy,IRI value of SGA was significantly higher than that of NC group (t=3.715,P<0.05).Insulin sensitivity of SGA with breastfeeding was higher than that of the artificial feeding and mixed feeding(χ²=7.02,P<0.05). Conclusions The growth rate of SGA is faster than that of normal weight infant,but is unable to catch up with normal weight infant.SGA shows differences in insulin sensitivity at the end of infant period.The different feeding at early postnatal period may have some impact on insulin sensitivity of SGA.

Study on growth equity of children aged 0 to 3 years old in rural of China.

ZHANG Cui-hong,WEI Qian-wei,ZHANG Jing-xu,LUO Shu-sheng,ZHAO Chun-xia,GUO Su-fang,WANG Xiao-li.

2016, 24(10):  1016-1018.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-10-03

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Objective To evaluate the equity of growth of children aged 0 to 3 years old in rural of China,and to explore the effects of socioeconomic factors on the equity of children′s growth. Methods Information of 2 120 infants and their families in rural Guizhou and Shanxi provinces were collected.The WHO growth standard was used to assess children′s growth.The concentration curve and concentration index were used to assess the equity of children′s growth.Decomposition analysis was used to assess the contribution of socioeconomic factors on the equity of children′s growth. Results The concentration index of stunting,underweight and wasting was -0.1062,-0.1774 and -0.0747,respectively.Most of inequity of stunting came from inequity of region,family economic status and caregiver′s education. Conclusions Government should strengthen efforts in poverty alleviation and provide milk,yingyangbao for the poor children.Government should guarantee the strength and quality of implementation of health management for children under six years old,and should promote the equity of education further.These suggestions above should be able to improve the overall health of children as well as narrow the health difference of children.

Reliability and validity of a Chinese version of Child Feeding Questionnaire among parents of preschoolers.

ZHENG Li-xia,SONG Dao-ping,CHEN Chu-lin,LI Fang-fang,ZHU Da-qiao.

2016, 24(10):  1019-1023.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-10-04

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Objective To evaluate the reliability and validity of a Chinese version of Child Feeding Questionnaire (c-CFQ) in parents of preschool children. Methods A Chinese version of CFQ was obtained after forward translation,synthesis,back translation,research group review and expert committee review.A total of 198 valid questionnaires of Chinese CFQ were completed by a convenient sample of parents of preschool children (3~7 years old).Psychometric properties of c-CFQ were examined by factor analysis for construct validity and Cronbach′s alpha coefficient for internal consistency reliability.Additionally,intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) for test-retest reliability over 5 days was tested in 20 targeted population. Results The final Chinese version comprised 26 items and reflected 8 dimensions after exploratory factor analysis,which explained 68.509% of the total variance.Confirmatory factor analysis further supported this eight-dimension structure.The internal consistency reliability evaluated by Cronbach′s alpha was 0.598～0.867 for the eight subscales and the whole questionnaire.The test-retest reliability across 5 days ranged from 0.791 to 0.963. Conclusion Chinese version c-CFQ has satisfactory validity and acceptable reliability,and can be used to evaluate the feeding practice and beliefs among parents of preschool children.

Study on distribution of essential nutrients content of commercial follow-up formula for young children.

LIANG Dong,NIU Li-tian,LI Hu-zhong,HAN Jun-hua.

2016, 24(10):  1024-1027.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-10-05

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Objective To investigate the distribution of essential nutrients content of commercial follow-up formula for young children,especially with regard to the nutrients without maximum compositional requirements in China National Food Safety Standard GB 10767-2010 Follow-up Formula,and to provide future reference on national food safety standard revision. Methods Totally 1 591 follow-up formulas for young children were collected,and the distribution of 26 essential nutrients content were analyzed.For the 16 essential nutrients without maximum level in GB 10767,the maximum requirements were assumed as three or five times minimum compositional requirements in GB 10767,which were compared with nutrients contents respectively.The impact of assumed maximum level on commercial young children formula were discussed and evaluated. Results The distribution of essential nutrients content of commercial young children formula were balance in large extent.However,for some nutrients,protein,vitamin D and chlorine were in low distribution,iron,copper and sodium were in high distribution.For the 16 essential nutrients without maximum requirements,P₉₅/ three times GB minimum requirements were 0.78~2.79,and maximum value/ three times GB minimum requirement were 1.20~1 832.92;P₉₅/five times GB minimum requirement were 0.47~1.67,and maximum value/five times GB minimum requirement were 0.72~1 099.75. Conclusions In commercial young children formula,the content of essential nutrients without maximum requirements are normally three to five times GB minimum.Only a few nutrients in individual products are high.Therefore,it is suggested that the maximum compositional requirements on essential nutrients be considered in the future national food safety standard revision.

Study on the height status among the preschool children in some cities.

WANG Zi-huan,JIANG Jing-xiong,YANG Qi,WANG Fu-man,YAO Yi,HOU Qi-chun,WANG Shuo,WANG Yan.

2016, 24(10):  1028-1031.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-10-06

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Objective To know the height status and height genetic potential status among the preschool children in some cities. Method The multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to investigate the general situation of the preschool children,and their heights were measured. Results Totally 3 722 children (male:1 950,female:1 772) were investigated and analyzed.1)The average height of different genders of all ages were greater than the 50^th percentile of the corresponding standards.The height distribution of the southern city were poorer than that of the east and midwest urban.2)In the first survey,41.83% of the children′s growth potential performed poor. Conclusions The height situations of the preschool children in the survey areas are better than the reference standard.There are regional differences.The investigated children′s growth potential perform poor.

Karyotype classification,clinical manifestation and outcome of 124 Turner syndrome patients.

WU Hua-hong,LI Hui.

2016, 24(10):  1032-1036.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-10-07

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Objective To investigate the karyotype,clinical manifestation and outcome of Turner syndrome (TS)patient. Method Totally 124 TS patients with definite diagnosis were included,and their karyotype,main features,treatment and effect,their natural outcome and treatment outcome were analyzed. Results 1)The karyotype of TS was classified to four types,monosomy,mosaic,variant and mosaic with variant.2)All patients characterized as short stature girl,with adult height short than 145 cm.In adolescent,16% of them had spontaneous breast development and 8% had spontaneous menstruation.The rate of spontaneous sexual development was the lowest in patients of monosomy type.Among all common signs,cubitus valgus and wide breast space manifested in about 50% patients,epicanthus and skin nevus in 30% patients,webbed neck and shield chest in 10% to 20% patients.While,10% to 20% of patients accompany with heart,kidney and thyroid abnormalities.The rate of kidney malformation was highest in patients of monosomy type.3)GH therapy could improve patients′ growth velocity,the height increased 7.6 cm and 6.7 cm in first two years of therapy which slowly decreased to 5.7 cm and 4.1 cm in the third and fourth year.Those treated patients′ adult height were 10.2 cm higher than those untreated.The therapy effect was positively related to therapy time. Conclusions TS patients show a variety of karyotype,which related to the diversity of their clinical manifestation and outcomes.The sexual development and adult height of monosomy type patients is worse than other types.

Clinical characteristics and molecular genetics of three patients with Dravet syndrome.

YANG Li,WU De,TANG Jiu-lai.

2016, 24(10):  1037-1040.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-10-08

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Objective To study the clinical data of three patients with Dravet syndrome and explore the genetic defects in this disease to get an early diagnosis. Methods The clinical information of three Dravet syndrome children were collected.Next generation sequencing (NGS) method was applied to detect OMIM database genes associated with epilepsy,PCR and Sanger sequencing method were used to validate the results. Results Clinical features:all 3 cases were onset during the first year of life with status epilepticus,the main form of seizures was elonns,and were difficult to control with anti-epileptic drugs,2 cases were onset associated with febrile seizures;All 3 cases of children with normal head MRI,1 case with abnormal EEG.Genotype features:3 cases were detected SCN1A gene heterozygous mutations,and 1 case was detected GPR 98 gene mutations at the same time,verification results showed 3 cases were new mutations should compared with parents. Conclusions Dravet syndrome is an epileptic encephalopathy and onset with febrile seizures,always status epilepticus,the main form of seizures is elonns.Examinations are always normal.Early diagnosis can make with genetic testing.

Development of Self-Care Ability Scale for 3~6 years old children.

LIN Zhen,CHEN Yi-rong,LIN Yong-le,LIN Qi-yi.

2016, 24(10):  1041-1043.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-10-09

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Objective To develop a Self-care Ability Inventory (Parenting Style Questionnaire) for 3~6 years old children.Method A random cluster sampling method was conducted on 400 parents of young children,the explorative and confirmatory factor analysis were carried out. Results The questionnaire embodied 33 items and composed of five dimensions those were dressing up,sleeping,having meal,going to toilet and others,and could be interpreted as the variance 54.841%,which showed the basic adaptation of the scale of the overall pattern was better; and the overall coefficient was 0.915,five dimension′ coefficient was between 0.716~0.898,split-half reliability was 0.800,five dimension′ split-half reliability was between 0.735~0.854. Conclusions The Self-care Ability Scale for 3~6 years old children have a good performance that indicate the scale could be employed as a tool to assess the self-care ability for 3~6 years old children.

Analyses of the epidemiological status and the prevalence changes in recent 17 years of overweight and obesity in Xi′an children aged 0~7 years old.

LI Shao-wen,ZHANG Xin,WANG Si-si,XIAO Yan-feng,LI Hong-gang.

2016, 24(10):  1044-1047.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-10-10

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Objective To understand the trend of the changes of overweight / obesity of children in Xi′an City in seventeen years,and to provide theoretical basis for intervention measures. Methods A total of 10 374 children aged 0~7 years old were investigated prevalence of overweight and obesity using random sampling method,of whom 5 498 were boys and 4 876 were girls.overweight and obesity were defined with according to WHO weight-for-height standard.Overweight/obesity rates were compared between 2013 and 1996. Results 1) The overweight rate of children with 0~7 years old was 16.87% and the obesity rate was 8.18% in 2013.2)The prevalence of overweight and obesity in 2013 and 1996 showed that the overweight rate increased by about 3 times in 2013 compared with 1996 in boys and girls aged 0~7 years old.Differences were statistically significant (χ²=413.611,401.898,P<0.001).The rate of obesity among children aged 0~7 years old in 2013 was significantly higher than that in 1996.3)The overweight/obese children had a good appetite,eatingfast,eating more sugary drinks and meat. Conclusions The overweight/obesity are significantly higher in children 0~7 years old in Xi′an city during seventeen years,and it is imperative to develop the intervention measures of overweight and obesity in children.

Effect of high-sugar diets on learning and memory,emotion in young rats.

WANG Yi-zhi,LIU Li.

2016, 24(10):  1048-1051.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-10-11

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Objective To discuss the effect of high-sugar diets on learning,memory and emotion of young rats,and whether the calcium supply could produce the improve effect. Methods The young rats (postnatal days 30～35) were as the research object.They were treated continuously with high-sugar diet for three weeks,Morris water maze tested the ability of learning and memory,forced swim test was used to examine the depressive behavior,elevated plus maze was used to test anxiety-like behavior.Meanwhile,the changes of serum calcium content following high sugar diet with calcium supply and relationship were observed between calcium and behaviors above. Results In Morris water maze,escape latency of young rats[(81.2±7.9)s,(76.8±8.4)s,(67.4±6.9)s and (61.3±6.4)s] sprolongs and frequency of crossing platform(1.4±0.6) decreased significantly after continuously treating with high sugar diet,and calcium supply did not produce obvious improvement effect on these indexes; floating latency[(99.5±10.8)s] was shortened and floating time[(432.8±11.2)s] was significantly prolonged in forced swimming test,which almost returned to the normal level after calcium supplying.However,all of the indexes of the elevated plus maze had no any changes after high sugar diets treating and calcium supplying. Conclusions High-sugar diet results in a decreased learning and memory and depressive behavior,moderate calcium supply can improve the depressive symptom,but is unhelpful to the learning and memory.

Incidences and characteristics of injury among adolescents in China:a Meta-analysis.

ZHANG Yi-tian,WAN Xing,YU Xiao-ming,WANG Jia.

2016, 24(10):  1062-1064.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-10-15

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Objective To analyze the incidence and to examine traits relevent to the variations in incidences of adolescent injury among studies. Methods Wanfang,CNKI,EBSCO and PubMed Databases were searched for adolescent injury data,based on quantitative studies from 2005 to 2015.Meta-analysis was used to calculate the pooled size of effect and to identify the sources of variation using STATA 12.0. Results A total of 71 articles were identified in the review.Results showed that the estimated injury number of people and person-time were 26.4% (95%CI:21.8%～31.1%) and 24.0% (95%CI:22.4%～25.7%),respectively.Differences by gender,grade and location could be found. Conclusion Male and middle school students are more vulnerable to get injured,which indicates close attention should be paid to those groups.

Meta-analysis of the relationship between vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy and children′s eczema.

HU Fang,LIN Sui-fang,LU Jian-jun,XING Yan-fei,LIU Hui-yan,CHEN Xiao-yi.

2016, 24(10):  1065-1069.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-10-16

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Objective To systematically assess the relationship between vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy and children′s eczema with Meta-analysis and to provide theoretic evidence for the prevention and therapy. Methods According to the PRISMA guidelines,studies of the correlation between children′s eczema and vitamin D were collected in PubMed,Ebsco,Web of Science,CBM,CNKI,WanFang and VIP Data,which were published from January 1998 to February 2016.Literatures were retrieved,filtered,accepted and analyzed according to the preset standard.Meta-analysis was conducted by using RevMan 5.3 software. Results Totally 11 reviews were included,the sample size was 5 919.Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy was associated with children′s eczema[RR=1.11,95%CI:1.04~1.19].The combined response effect of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women[RR=1.12,95%CI:1.05~1.20] was higher than that of vitamin D deficiency in cord blood[RR=1.08,95%CI:1.02~1.13].If there was a lack of vitamin D during pregnancy,the prevalence rate of 6 months,1 year and 2 years old children′s eczema increased by 16%,10% and 10% respectively. Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy is a risk factor for young children′s eczema,Vitamin D supplements in third trimester reduce the incidence of infant′s eczema.

Assessment of a school-based overweight and obesity intervention for primary and middle school students in Chongqing.

WANG Ling-yi,WANG Hong,GUAN Pei-yu,YUAN Bao-cheng,GUO Jing,CHENG Xu-ting.

2016, 24(10):  1070-1072.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-10-17

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Objective To evaluate consequence of a school-based overweight and obesity intervention,and to provide evidence to prevent and control obesity in primary and middle school students. Methods Multi-stage stratified cluster sampling was used to select 9 933 students from six primary schools and six secondary schools in Chongqing which were randomly divided into intervention schools and control schools.Intervention schools were given to school environment policy intervention,health education and physical activity guidance.Before and after intervention,anthropometric examination and questionnaire survey were accomplished. Results After the intervention,the increased rate of overweight of intervention school (0.2%) was lower than the control schoo l(0.5%),the increased rate of obesity of intervention school (0.0%) was similar to the control school (0.1%),normal weight students of two groups in BMI,waist circumference,hip circumference were increased (P<0.05),overweight and obesity students of intervention school in BMI,waist circumference were decreased (P<0.05),overweight and obesity students of control school in hip circumference was increased and waist circumference was decreased (P<0.05),students of intervention school in obesity related diet accuracy was increased and unhealthy eating behavior reported rate were decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion A school-based overweight and obesity comprehensive intervention could control related indicators of obesity,and improve knowledge and behavior of dietary among primary and middle school students.

Longitudinal refractive index of vision analysis of monitoring 264 infants by moptim screening instrument.

CAO Min-hui,YANG Xia-min,AN Qi,NIU Jing.

2016, 24(10):  1073-1076.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-10-18

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Objective To track longitudinal visual status during growth of infants,explore the growth law and influence factor of infants vision,and to guide the vision health of infants and prevent the happening of low vision during school age of children. Method Using moptim vision screening instrument to monitor and analyze the vision of 264 infants whose age was between new born and two years old,their spherical,cylinder and other influence factors of vision growth were collected. Results The monitor results showed:the absolute degrees of spherical and cylinder were lower while the age was higher,the value tended to zero and the vision was closer to the normal range. Conclusion The vision growth of infants is dynamic changing under 2 years old,earlier vision health care guidance and corresponding intervening method can make the vision grows along the way derived from the advantage of inheritance.

Research of the necessity of rhGH therapy on very late puberty girls with idiopathic short stature.

PAN Dan-dan,LIU Jian-hua,LU Cheng-xi,AI Rong,TONG Xue-tao,LIU Xiu-qiong.

2016, 24(10):  1077-7080.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-10-19

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Objective To assess the efficacy of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy on very late puberty girls whose bone aged 13~15.5 with idiopathic short stature (ISS) and discuss the necessary. Methods A total of 43 girls in very late puberty with ISS were divided into control group (n=15) and trial group (n=28) complying with the decision of the girls′ family.The participators in trial group were injected with rhGH 0.18~0.20 U/kg before sleep every night for 6 months,control group were observed for the same time without treatment.Bone age,growth velocity,prediction of adult height were compared between two groups.Totally 43 parents of very late puberty girls were surveyed by the self-administered questions of their own feelings about their own decision of using rhGH injection every day for a long time or not after 6 months. Results There were significant differences in growth velocity between before and after treatment in trial group (P<0.01).And after treatment with rhGH,there was significant difference of the growth velocity between two groups (P<0.01).After 6 months observation,the prediction of adult height was lower in control group,while the result was on the contrary in trial group.There were significant differences between after and before treatment of the value of the prediction of adult height between two groups (P<0.01).In the questionnaire after treatment,the curative effect and medical expense were acceptable for the parents in trial group.And the parents in control group were also calm with their decision of giving up rhGH treatment in the end. Conclusions The rhGH treatment for very late puberty girls can improve the growth velocity but can′t improve the prediction of adult height obviously.With good doctor-patient communications,the diagnosis and treatment process of these very late puberty girls with ISS leaded to a positive psychologic influence on their families both in trial group and control group after 6 months.It was suggested that weather very late puberty girls with ISS should be treated by rhGH should followed the patients′ opinion just on the basis of adequate understanding on their own condition.

Analysis of the status and influencing factors of breastfeeding among infants within six months of ages in Haidian neighbourhood of Haidian district of Beijing.

ZHANG Liang-fen,FENG Shuang,WEN Fang.

2016, 24(10):  1081-1082.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-10-20

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Objective To understand the status of breastfeeding and to explore the influencing factors among infants within six months of age in haidian neighbourhood of Haidian district of Beijing,and to provid information for consolidating and promoting the rate of breastfeeding in baby-friendly hospitals and the community. Method Retrospective analysis was used for the rate of breastfeeding and related factors of 890 cases within six months of ages,Logistic regression risk factors were analysed. Results Within 6 months,the rate of pure breastfeeding was 31.82%,the rate of partial breastfeeding and artificial feeding was 68.18%.The rate of pure breastfeeding within 6 months was in decline.Non-conditional Logistic regression analysis showed that mother′s age below 30(OR=0.70,95%CI=0.53~0.93),spontaneous labor (OR=0.63,95%CI=0.44~0.81)and part-time working(OR=0.52,95%CI=0.35~0.76) were protective factors of breastfeeding. Conclution Reducing the cesarean delivery rate,strengthening the baby-friendly creating community and participating of the whole society can increase the rate of pure breastfeeding and extend the time of pure breastfeeding.

Clinical research of early serum biochemical indexes of premature infants.

ZHANG Jin-yan,ZHANG Ping-ping.

2016, 24(10):  1083-1086.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-10-21

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Objective To discuss the assessment value of early serum biochemical indexes to nutritional statue of the premature infant. Methods Totally 263 premature infants were selected,all appropriate for gestational age (AGA) premature infants(207) were divided into two groups based on their gestational age (GA):28≤GA≤34 weeks and 34＜GA＜37 weeks,and all premature infants of 28≤GA≤34 weeks and 34＜GA＜37 weeks were divided into SGA and AGA respectively.According to birth weight,all infants were divided into two groups that ≤2 000 g and ＞2 000 g.For all the infants,2 ml venous blood was collected within 24 hours after the birth in order to determine the prealbumin (PA),albumin (ALB) and globulin (GLO) levels,to calculate SPMPA and hospital stays. Results The SPMPA,ALB and GLO levels in the small gestational age (SGA) group were lower than the large gestational age (LGA) group,and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05),the PA level was also lower,but the difference was no statistically significant (P＞0.05).The SPMPA and ALB levels of ≤2 000 g group were lower than ＞2 000 g group,and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05),although PA and GLO levels were lower,but the differences were no statistically significant (P＞0.05).The SPMPA of SGA group was lower than that of AGA group (P＜0.05).The smaller the gestational age of the premature was,and the lower the birth weight was,the longer hospital stays was.The hospital stays of SGA was signifcantly increased (P＜0.05).SPMPA and birth weight showed positive correlation(r=0.540,P＜0.05). Conclusions The smaller the gestational age of the premature is,and the lower the birth weight is,the lower the SPMPA and ALB levels are.SPMPA is the most sensitive indicator to evaluate the maturity and nutritional status of the premature infant,and to distinguish SGA and AGA.

Influencing factors of obesity in preschool children in Huairou District of Beijing.

WU Man,MU Feng-xia,LI Xiao-hui,PENG Xue-fei,MI Jie.

2016, 24(10):  1087-1089.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-10-22

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Objective To investigate the influencing factors of obesity in children aged 3~6 years old in Huairou district of Beijing and to provide evidences for early intervention. Method A total of 396 preschool children from stratified cluster sampling were surveyed using parents self-administered questionnaire,and Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors. Results Average parents′ weight were higher in obese children than those of normal children (P<0.001).The risk factors for obesity in preschool children included father high body weight (OR=1.082),within 6 months of birth using artificial feeding (OR=5.986),eating meat each meal (OR=7.979),forcing children to eat certain foods (such as high energy food)(OR=4.801),too high expectations to children′s weight (OR=6.191).It was the protective factors for preschool children obesity that parents were will to change child body by controlling the weight (OR=0.059). Conclusion The occurrence of obesity in preschool children results are from multiple factors.It might be beneficial for the prevention of obesity in preschool children by controlling the weight of parents,encouraging breast feeding and balanced diet.

Analysis of blood biochemistry,anthropometric and lung function in overweight / obese primary and secondary school students.

CHEN Chao,CUI Tian-wei,QI Yin-lin,CHEN Ping,WANG Jun-wei.

2016, 24(10):  1090-1091.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-10-23

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Objective To investigate the potential complications of obesity in primary and secondary school students and the importance of early intervention. Method Height,weight,waist circumference,hip circumference,fat rate,fasting blood glucose,blood lipids,liver function,uric acid,insulin,postprandial glucose and insulin were detected in 247 cases of primary and secondary school students who participated in the training of obesity related knowledge voluntarily(136 cases were obese,55 were overweight,56 were normal),and all the children received pulmonary function test.The clinical data were analyzed. Results The incidence of hypertension,dyslipidemia,abnormal glucose metabolism,liver damage,hyperinsulinism and abnormal pulmonary function was 10.3%,38.2%,25.7%,22.1%,52.2%,51.5% and 56.6%,respectively. Conclusions Obese primary and secondary school students often suffer from potential complications such as hypertension,dyslipidemia,abnormal glucose metabolism,fatty liver,hyperuricemia,lung function damage.Therefore,obesity in primary and secondary school students should not be ignored,and the early intervention is very important.

Influence of different feeding method on the immune function of infants.

WEI Xian,YANG Shu-jie,GAN Bin,YI Hai-ying,YANG Qi.

2016, 24(10):  1092-1094.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-10-24

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Objective To explore the different feeding methods of baby immune function,and guide baby appropriate feeding practices. Methods Totally 69 cases healthy term infants were selected who born from Xiaogan Affiliated Hospital of Wuhan University of Science and Technalogy during the time from January 2014 to January 2015 as research objects.According the different feeding methods to dividing them into three groups,breastfeeding group(group Ⅰ),partial breastfeeding group(group Ⅱ)and artificial group(group Ⅲ),whom had regularly outpatient follow-up visits respectively in 1,3,6 months age and 12 months age.The occurrence of respiratory tract infection,test blood interleukin-6 (IL-6),blood IgG,IgM and IgA level in peripheral blood were observed,and the test results were analyzed. Results Group Ⅰ and group Ⅲ had obvious difference in the number of recurrent respiratory tract infections within 12 months age (χ²=5.463,P=0.019);The content of blood IgG had significant differences (P<0.05)in 6 months age,that of group Ⅰ(7.189±1.525) was higher than that of group Ⅱ (6.136±1.105) and group Ⅲ (5.240±1.065);The content of blood IgM had significant differences (P<0.05)in 6 months age,that of group Ⅰ(0.784±0.268) higher than that of group Ⅱ(0.675±0.189) and group Ⅲ(0.527±0.190).And the blood IgM content between group Ⅰ(1.485±0.427) and group Ⅱ(1.392±0.452)had no significant differences in 12 months age,but both groups had obvious differences compared with group Ⅲ(P<0.05);The content of blood IgA had significant differences in 1,3,6 and 12 months (P<0.05);The content of blood interleukin-6 had significant differences between three groups during 6 months age,as follows group Ⅰ(14.782±2.487),group Ⅱ(12.520±2.014) and group Ⅲ(11.051±1.904);It had no obvious differences (P>0.05) in 12 months age between group Ⅰ (16.285±3.112) and group Ⅱ(15.854±3.281),but both had significant differences compared with group Ⅲ(12.058±2.840)(P>0.05). Conclusions Feeding methods have effects on infants immune function,especially breastfeeding can increase infants immunity and reduce their repeated respiratory infection prevalence.When mothers have no enough breast milk,timely adding formula feeding can prevent the baby immune suppression.

Effect of early nutrition on physical and intellectual development of the very low birth weight infants.

ZHANG Xiao-hua,LI Yu-feng,ZHOU Jin-jun.

2016, 24(10):  1095-1097.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-10-25

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Objective To explore the relationship of early nutrition and weight,height,head circumference growth and long-term neurological motor development,for the future clinical work in the very low birth weight infants (VLBWI). Methods A total of 86 VLBWI were selected in Nantong Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital NICU.According to the weight of hospital discharge,the cases were divided into extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) and non-EUGR group,and followed up regularly at high risk infants follow-up clinic.Measurement of weight,length,head circumference,GMs quality assessment,head MRI examination,developmental quotient (DQ) assessment were operated regularly.Weight,length,head circumference growth and movement,neural development were observed in different groups. Results In EUGR group,when they were corrected for gestational age 6 months and 12 months,their length,head circumference were significantly lower than those in non EUGR group,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).The weight of EUGR group was lower than that of non EUGR group at corrected for gestational age 6 months,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).The weight of EUGR group was not different from that of the non EUGR group at corrected for gestational age 12 months (P>0.05).The positive rates of GMs,head MRI in EUGR group were significantly higher than those in non-EUGR group (P<0.05).Developmental quotient <85 patients in the EUGR group had no difference than that in the non-EUGR group (P>0.05).But the average developmental quotient of EUGR group was significantly lower than that of non-EUGR group (P<0.05).The physical and intelligence development of the EUGR group of very low birth weight infants was significantly lower than that of the non EUGR group. Conclusion Much attention should be paid to their nutrition management to reduce the incidence of EUGR in very low birth weight infants.At the same time we need to pay attention to the management of the very low birth weight infants after discharge,to strengthen nutrition guidance of EUGR,and to make obvious catch-up growth trend.

Follow-up survey of physical development of premature infants among 0 to 6 years old.

LUO Ling-ying,LIU Li,LI He-qin.

2016, 24(10):  1098-1100.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-10-26

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Objective To investigate the situation of growth and development of premature infants aged 0 to 6 years old,to analyse the changing regularity,and to provide a basis for evaluatation growth and development of children at this stage and taking corresponding intervention measures. Methods Premature infants admitted to neonatal ward of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University and Baoji City Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2008 to December 2014.At the same time,full-term infants matched with premature infants through age,sex were selected as 1∶1 case-control study.Records of the birth situation of all infants,the data of children′s length,weight,head circumference and so on were measured,which was used to evaluate their growth and development. Results Length of boys and girls among preterm group in 0~ month and 3~ months group,boys in 2~ years old group,girls in 1~ year old group were significantly less than those of the control group (P<0.05).Weight of boys and girls among preterm group in 0~ month and 3~ months group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05).Head circumference of boys and girls among preterm group in 0~ month group,3~ months and 1~ year old group were significantly less than those of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions The physical development of premature infants shows catch-up type.Speed of catch-up development of premature infants decreased with age,speed of boys is slower than that of girls.This study implies effects on physical development characteristics of premature infants and catch-up type growth regularity aged 0 to 6 years old in the region,which can provide reference frame for study and assessment growth and development of premature infants in the region in the future.

Accidental injuries and cognitive status quo investigation of children in Wanggang area.

KANG Jia,PAN Yan-jun,ZHAO Yan,YANG Chen,CAI Feng-zhu.

2016, 24(10):  1101-1103.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-10-27

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Objective To understand the occurrence and knowledge of accidental injury of children in Wanggang area,to discuss the causes of accidental injury of children,provide targeted intervention measures to prevent accidental injury,and provide suggestions for reducing the incidence rate of accidental injury and improving the rate of correct knowledge of accidental injury. Methods Two primary schools in Wanggang area were selected as a research field and a questionnaire survey was carried out in all the students in grades 3~5.Epidata 3.1 was used to input the data of collected information and SPSS 18.0 was used for data analysis. Results The percentages of male and female students were respectively 59.26% and 40.74%;The highest education level of the parents of 916 students was middle school or below,accounting for 89.72%;942 students were children of migrant workers,accounting for 92.26%.The incidence rate of high-risk behavior in children was 51.91% and the incidence rate of accidental injury was 9.01%;The top three types of accidental injury were fall,animal injury and burns. Conclusions The incidence rates of high-risk behavior and accidental injury of children in Wanggang area are at a high level.The primary task of the health management intervention is to prevent the occurrence of fall,animal injury and burns in children.Compared with the fathers,the mothers′ education level has a greater impact on the children′s growth and education.

Analysis of health status of the first permanent molars of students aged 7~9 years old in Qingdao city.

ZHANG Kun,TIAN Xia,ZHOU Luan-hui.

2016, 24(10):  1104-1106.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-10-28

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Objective To analyze the pit and fissure selant in recent years of Qingdao city,and to provide some interventions to protect the health of the first molars. Method In 2013-2015,the examination of the first molars of students (7~9 years old)in five schools was taken,to record and analyze the first permanent molars′ health,the pit and fissure sealant. Results In 2013-2015,the first molars caries prevalence rates were 17.36%,15.72%,10.94% respectively,and there was no statistical difference.In 2013-2015,the rate of selant was 69.53%,74.31%,79.09% respectively,and there were significant differences(χ²=15.954,P<0.05).There was no significant difference in caries rate in each year.There was statistical difference in the rate of pit and fissure sealant.There was no statistical difference between the five schools.The sealant agreed rate increased year by year. Conclusions The caries rate of the first permanent molars in Qingdao Shibei district is higher,so the prevention and health care work still need to be strengthened.Parents′ recognition of pit and fissure sealant has increased.

Epidemiological analysis of children′s ocular trauma in Ganzhou city.

TAN Mei-hua,HU Chang-qing,LIU Yan-qing,XIONG Li-jiao,TANG Peng-jun.

2016, 24(10):  1107-1109.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-10-29

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Objective To investigate the clinical epidemiology characteristics of children′s ocular trauma in Ganzhou city of Jiangxi province to carry out the better work for blindness prevention and treatment. Method Totally 734 eyes of 693 children with ocular trauma in 4 hospitals of Ganzhou city from July 2013 to July 2015 were collected,all kinds of causes of injuries were summarized and the data including age,environment,occurrence time,clinic time,character,complication,treatment and vision were analyzed in this retrospective study. Results Causes of children′s ocular trauma were varied,and the most common injuries were contacted with sharp scissors,and firecrackers wounding,falling,dropping and alkali burning were concurrently ranked second.Most traumas were unintentional injury.The age group of 11~14 years old had the highest incidence,whose main causes were mainly blast injuries and the beaten by others.The public places were the most common circumstance but the school accounted for only 6.62% of damage.Country and town (72.11%) had higher incidence than city.26.12% children were injured in January and February.The average clinic time was (16.8±1.7) hours.Perforating injuries were the most common type,which were followed by eye contusion.The most common traumatic complications were cataract of 201 sick eyes and hyphema of 197 sick eyes.Most of children injured were relatively saved the vision with effective treatment,some of who experienced several different operations.The rate of blindness after eye trauma was about 21.79% except the uncooperative patients. Conclusions The morbidity of ocular trauma in children is high and lead to high disability rate.Prevention is the important work to reduce the incidence of injury.It is necessary for reducing the blindness rate to strengthen publicity and education about eye trauma and take precautionary measures in advance and accurate treatment afterwards.

Intervention study on nutritional on hemoglobin among 6~24 months young infants.

WEI Ping,ZUO Meng-ling,QIU Xiao-xia,CHEN Yue-hua,MENG Xiao-mei.

2016, 24(10):  1110-1112.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-10-30

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Objective To analyse the intervention effect of supplementation on children′s nutrition hemoglobin (Hb) and iron deficiency in infants of 6~24 months,in order to provide a scientific basis for the prevention of nutritional anemia. Methods The survey was conducted according to random sampling in three counties of Heng,Lingshan and Binyang Courty where with a high incidence of iron deficiency anemia in Guangxi.Questionnaire survey and measuring Hb value were given to four groups aged 12~24 months infants excluding infants with thalassemia before,4 months later and 8 months after the intervention.All A,B,C,D groups′ intervention program were given normal feed,add nutrition combine health education,nutrition,health education and none intervention to A,B,C groups,respectively. Results Each month old infants′ Hb after 4 months later and 8 months later were higher than those before intervention (P<0.05).8 months after the intervention,the Hb of the intervention group was higher than that of the control group showed in 12~24 month infants (t=2.78,P=0.006).Both A/B groups were higher than C and D groups (analysis with LSD method,P<0.05). Conclusion Supplementary nutrient for children can improve hemoglobin value,and it is conducive to improve the status of anemia in infants.

Analysis of serum 25-dihydroxy vitamin D levels of children in high altitude area in summer.

LIU Xiang-hui,YAN Xue,TIAN Xu,HAN Xiao,ZHANG Ya-nan,PI Ya-lei,ZHANG Hui-feng.

2016, 24(10):  1113-1115.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-10-31

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Objective To analyze serum 25-dihydroxy vitamin D[25(OH)D] levels of children in high altitude area in summer and to enrich serum 25(OH)D database resources,to explore the ideal serum 25(OH)D levels for children in China. Methods Each child was selected to collect venous blood in August and September 2013.The subjects were 0.2~7.3 years old children lived in Zhongzhuang,Huangzhong and Guide in Qinghai county.Total was 230 case,mean of age was (4.3±1.9) years old,boys were 113,girls were 117.The serum 25(OH)D levels were assayed by ELISA. Results 1)The mean serum 25(OH)D levels in boys and girls were (57.31±16.47)nmol/L and (53.48±14.39)nmol/L,respectively,there was no significant difference(P>0.05).The mean serum 25(OH)D levels in infant and preschool were (58.08±19.17)nmol/L and (54.15±13.50)nmol/L,respectively.There was no significant difference(P>0.05).There was no relation between serum 25(OH)D levels and age (r=-0.093,P>0.05).2)The mean serum 25(OH)D levels in Zhongzhuang,Huangzhong and Guide were (49.74±13.72)nmol/L,(52.59±15.07n)mol/L and (61.54±15.10)nmol/L,respectively.The mean 25(OH)D level of Guide was higher than Zhongzhuang and Huangzhong with significant difference.There was no significant difference between Zhongzhuang and Huangzhong.3)It was no discrepancy in the orders of the serum 25(OH)D levels and the altitude.It was observed that the serum 25(OH)D level was increased by decreased latitude.The percentage of serum 25(OH)D levels less than 27.5nmol/L of children was 2.1%(5/230). Conclusions There is significant difference in altitude area in summer.Altitude and latitude could have influence on the serum 25(OH)D.Gender and age have no influence on the serum 25(OH)D.Most of children on 25(OH)D levels in Qinghai are higher than 27.5 nmol/L.

Study on the effect of combination of medical education mode of children′s eye care health education curriculum.

WANG Jing,WEI Ning,WU Guang-qiang,WU Xing-xiang,WANG Yu-tong,XUE Zi-ying,XIANG Si-jia,WANG Qin,CHI Xia,YAO Cheng,TONG Mei-ling.

2016, 24(10):  1116-1118.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-10-32

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Objective To observe children′s change of eyesight,cognition and behavior after one school year ,to explore the combination of medical education mode of children′s eye care health education,and to improve cognition of preschool children′s eye care knowledge,eye behavior and prevent and reduce low vision effect. Methods The implementation of different forms of health education curriculum for the school year were carried between experimental group and control group,and the intervention effects were evaluated and analysed. Results 1) The subnormal vision of the experimental group had significantly reduced (P＜0.05),whereas the control group had no statistical significance;2) 17 of the cognitive entry of eye care knowledge in experimental group had improved,6 of the control group had obviously improved (P＜0.05);3) 6 of the eye behavior in the experimental group had improved,3 of the control group had obviously improved (P＜0.05). Conclusions The combination of medical education and health education curriculum is feasible.It can effectively improve the knowledge of children′s eye health care knowledge and the use of eye behavior,and can prevent and reduce the occurrence of low vision.