Objective To discuss the assessment value of early serum biochemical indexes to nutritional statue of the premature infant. Methods Totally 263 premature infants were selected,all appropriate for gestational age (AGA) premature infants(207) were divided into two groups based on their gestational age (GA):28≤GA≤34 weeks and 34＜GA＜37 weeks,and all premature infants of 28≤GA≤34 weeks and 34＜GA＜37 weeks were divided into SGA and AGA respectively.According to birth weight,all infants were divided into two groups that ≤2 000 g and ＞2 000 g.For all the infants,2 ml venous blood was collected within 24 hours after the birth in order to determine the prealbumin (PA),albumin (ALB) and globulin (GLO) levels,to calculate SPMPA and hospital stays. Results The SPMPA,ALB and GLO levels in the small gestational age (SGA) group were lower than the large gestational age (LGA) group,and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05),the PA level was also lower,but the difference was no statistically significant (P＞0.05).The SPMPA and ALB levels of ≤2 000 g group were lower than ＞2 000 g group,and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05),although PA and GLO levels were lower,but the differences were no statistically significant (P＞0.05).The SPMPA of SGA group was lower than that of AGA group (P＜0.05).The smaller the gestational age of the premature was,and the lower the birth weight was,the longer hospital stays was.The hospital stays of SGA was signifcantly increased (P＜0.05).SPMPA and birth weight showed positive correlation(r=0.540,P＜0.05). Conclusions The smaller the gestational age of the premature is,and the lower the birth weight is,the lower the SPMPA and ALB levels are.SPMPA is the most sensitive indicator to evaluate the maturity and nutritional status of the premature infant,and to distinguish SGA and AGA.