Abstract: 【Objective】 To explore the characteristics of temperament and family environment of children with nocturnal enuresis and provide theoretical evidence for comprehensive intervention. 【Methods】 Children with nocturnal enuresis aged 5~7 years old were chosen to study the characteristics of temperament and family environment by questionnaires and follow-up examination.Case control study was conducted. 【Results】 The type of raising difficultly and intermediate to raise difficultly was the main types of primary enuresis,respectively 29.2% (19/65) and 30.7% (24/65).The rate of primary enuresis group was higher than that of the control group,it was generally difficult to raise,but the type of raising slowly has no significance.In temperament dimensions,The emotional essence(3.42±0.59),rhythm(4.12±0.53),persistent(3.78±0.65),adaptive(4.35±0.55) scores were different from those of control group[(3.13±0.65),(4.34±0.63),(3.24±0.72),(4.75±0.76)],the difference between the two groups had statistical significance (P<0.05),children with nocturnal enuresis lived in family environment.The expressiveness,independence,achievement orientation,success,organization scores were lower than that of control group,the difference between the two groups had significant statistical significance (P<0.05),while contradiction and control were higher than those of control group (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The unique temperament and poor family environment may be influencing factors in the primary enuresis and influences may decreases with age,while early psychological intervention can be used as adjuvant therapy for symptoms of quick remit.

Key words: primary nocturnal enuresis, temperament, family environment, child

摘要： 【目的】 了解原发性夜间遗尿症儿童的气质特点与家庭环境,探讨气质与家庭环境对原发性夜间遗尿症的影响,为早期心理干预提供理论依据。 【方法】 采用问卷调查研究65例5~7岁原发性夜间遗尿症患儿气质特点与家庭环境,再与正常儿童进行对比。 【结果】 原发性遗尿症组儿童中难养型和中间偏难养型占的比例大,分别为29.2%(19/65)和30.7%(24/65),高于对照组,表现为普遍难养,而启动缓慢型则无明显差异。在气质维度方面原发性遗尿组情绪本质(3.42±0.59)分、节律性(4.12±0.53)分、持久性(3.78±0.65)分、适应性(4.35±0.55)分不同于正常对照组[(3.13±0.65)分、(4.34±0.63)分、(3.24±0.72)分、(4.75±0.76)分],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。PNE组家庭环境中亲密度、情感表达、独立性、成功性、知识性方面的得分低于对照组(P<0.05),矛盾性、控制性方面的得分高于对照组(P<0.05)。 【结论】 独特的气质以及相对不良的家庭环境可能是原发性遗尿的影响因素,但可能会随年龄的增长而递减,早期的心理干预可作为辅助治疗的手段有利于症状的快速缓解。

关键词: 原发性遗尿症, 气质, 家庭环境, 儿童