关键词: 青少年, 选择性注意, 发展, 数字认知

Abstract: Objective To investigate the development of selective attention in youngsters aged from 9 to 14.Methods Totally 87 youngsters aged from 9 to 14 participated and were divided into 3 groups:9 years old group (29),11 years old group (37) and 13 years old group (21).The study consisted of 3 experiments with ascending difficulty:experiment 1(judging the location of number),experiment 2(judging the value of number) and experiment 3(judging the value of specific number).Reaction times (RTs) and error rate (ER) were recorded.Results 1)RTs increased with the difficulty of experiments,while RTs decreased with age.2)ER increased with the difficulty of experiments.In expeaiment 1,ER of 11 years old group [(2.25±0.58) %] was the highest [9 years old group (0.86±0.25) %,13 years old group (1.09±0.33) %].In experiment 3,ER decreased with age.Difference between every two groups was significant.3)The distance effect of number processing in experiment 2 showed that RTs were significantly different between far numbers (1/2/8/9) and close numbers (3/4/6/7) in each age group.No significant difference was found in the D-values between the RTs of far numbers and close numbers between every two groups.Conclusions The speed of selective attention keeps developing from age 9~14,while a fluctuation phase in ER may occur at age 11~12.The distance effect keeps stable from age 9~14.

Key words: youngster, selective attention, development, number cognition