关键词: 超重, 肥胖, 高血压, 儿童青少年

Abstract: Objective To understand the prevalent status of overweight, obesity, and hypertension among children and adolescents in Xinjiang, and to investigate the associations between these conditions, so as to provide scientific basis for formulating targeted prevention and control strategies. Methods By means of stratified cluster random sampling, body measurement and questionnaire survey were carried out in 6 schools from urban areas and 5 schools from suburban areas in 14 prefectures and cities of Xinjiang in 2019. Overweight, obesity and high blood pressure in children and adolescents were determined according to Screening for Overweight and Obesity in School-age Children and Adolescents(WS/T 586-2018) and Screening Cut-off Value for High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents aged 7 - 18(WS/T 610-2018). Analysis of variance(ANOVA) was employed for comparing measurement data, while the chi-square test was used for group comparisons of categorical data. Multivariate Poisson regression was utilized to calculate the overweight/obesity ratio(PRR) alongside its 95%confidence interval(95%CI). Results A total of 41 005 children and adolescents aged 7 - 17 years were investigated. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 15.8% and 12.2%, respectively. Males exhibited higher rates of overweight(17.4%) and obesity(15.1%) compared to females(14.3% and 9.4%, χ²=133.23, 744.99, P<0.01). Han ethnicity children and adolescents had higher rates of overweight(18.5%) and obesity(17.8%) than other ethnic groups(14.2% and 8.7%, χ²=75.61, 301.76, P<0.01). Urban areas reported higher rates of overweight(16.3%) and obesity(13.3%) than rural areas(15.1% and 10.3%, χ²=10.56, 80.40, P<0.01), with obesity rates decreasing with age(χ²_trend=707.65, P_trend＜0.01). The detection rate of hypertension was 13.2%, with Han ethnicity children and adolescents showing a higher rate(14.9%) than other ethnic groups(12.2%, χ²=61.08, P<0.01). The detection rate of high blood pressure was higher in rural areas(14.6%) than that in urban areas(12.4%, χ²=37.07, P<0.01), and it increased with age(χ²_trend=2.05, P_trend<0.01). The prevalence of hypertension was 10.9%in the normal BMI group, 15.9%in the overweight group, and 23.3% in the obese group. Adjusting for age, ethnicity, and urban/rural residence, the prevalence of hypertension in the overweight group was 1.50 times higher than in the normal group(95%CI: 1.45 - 1.55), and in the obese group, it was 2.24 times higher than that in the normal group(95%CI: 2.09 - 2.40). Conclusions The study highlights the need for comprehensive interventions and management should be highlighted to address overweight and obesity in boys, particularly younger children, regardless of whether they reside in urban or rural areas. Control of blood pressure should be a priority, and early intervention is crucial to mitigate metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular health and reduce the risk of future cardiovascular diseases.

Key words: overweight, obesity, high blood pressure, children and adolescents