Table of Content

10 September 2016, Volume 24 Issue 9

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Children's Post-Stress Growth Scale:development,reliability,and validity.

QIN Chun-wang, WU Su-mei

2016, 24(9):  900-902.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-09-02

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Objective To develop the Children's Post-stress Growth Scale (CPSGS) based on the Chinese culture background,and verify its reliability and validity. Method CPSGS was developed and evaluated with exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis with two samples of 412 and 423 children respectively. Results 1)The CPSGS supported three-dimensional structure,and confirmatory factor analysis of the three-dimensional model showed good fit:RMSEA=0.013,IFI=0.99,CFI=0.99,χ²/df=1.069.2)The reliability and validity of CPSGS were satisfied.Cronbach's α was between 0.695～0.816,and the retest reliability was 0.737,the criterion validity was 0.727. Conclusion CPSGS conforms to the standard of psychometrics,and it could be used to measure the children's post-stress growth in China.

Research on the mental health problem of left-behind children in southwest of Guizhou province.

YANG Wan, LIU Jian-hua, YU Yao, XIE Yuan-yuan

2016, 24(9):  903-905.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-09-03

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Objective To investigate the mental health status of the junior left-behind in the southwest of Guizhou province,and provide scientific advice for teens to cultivate a healthy personality. Methods With stratified random sampling Method,492 junior middle school students were extracted as the research object,among which 272 left-behind students as study group and 220 non left-behind students as control group.The self-designed general condition questionnaire and Self-reporting Inventory (SCL-90) were used as investigating tools.The each factor score of SCL-90 were compared between the two groups and intragroup. Results 1)The differences of score of each SCL-90 factor between left-behind and non left-behind were significant (P＜0.05).2)The scores of the left-behind boys were lower than those of girls in interpersonal sensitivity,gloomy and anxious,the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05);The scores of factor of the only child left-behind children were higher than those of the non-only child in obsessive compulsive symptoms,gloomy,anxious,hostile,horrible,stubborn and psychotic,and the differences were significant (P＜0.05).4)The difference of left-behind time had influence on the left-behind,and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). Conclusions The mental health status of left-behind is worse than non left-behind;The psychological problems of left-behind girls is poorer than of boys;The mental health level of the non-only child left-behind is higher than the only-child;The longer of the left-behind time,the higher of the psychological problems.

Analysis of intelligence structure and characteristics in children with autism spectrum disorder.

LIN Li-zi, DAI Mei-xia, XIAO Qi-peng, LIANG Jing-jing, LIU Bu-yun, JING Jin

2016, 24(9):  906-909.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-09-04

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Objective To explore the intelligence structure in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods With the Chinese version of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (WISC-Ⅳ),The intelligence in a sample including 50 ASD children and 50 control children were tested.The different dimensions of intelligence in WISC-Ⅳ were compared between ASD and control groups and the fitness of the WSIC-Ⅳ structure was also examined in ASD children. Results The working memory index showed no differences between ASD and control groups (P=0.077),and the processing speed index was the worst in ASD children[P<0.001,(88.54±13.23) vs (103.80±13.94)].The full scale intelligence quotient and other dimensions of WISC-Ⅳ in ASD children were lower significantly compared with typical children (P<0.05).Significant strengths of ASD children were observed on working memory with a percentage of 44% compared with processing speed (χ²=6.618,P=0.010).Confirmatory factor analysis suggested that the intelligence structure of WISC-Ⅳ provided moderate fit in ASD children.The statistical model of intelligence structure was rebuild in the ASD sample because the χ² statistic didn't achieve ideal condition (P=0.030),but the new model was impractical. Conclusions The intelligence of ASD children is in normal range but lower than control children.ASD children show strengths on working memory and weakness on processing speed.Further studies investigating a best intelligence structure in ASD children are needed.

Prospective study of home nurture environment on early childhood developmental quotients and social emotional development.

DING Li-li, HE Shou-sen, ZHOU Qian, XU Xiao-juan, TANG Jing-hai, ZHANG Yan

2016, 24(9):  910-912.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-09-05

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Objective To explore the effect of early home nurture environment on children's developmental quotients(DQ) and social emotional development,and provide basis for children's early development promotion. Methods The "Child Home Nurture Environment Questionnaire" was performed at 3 months and 12 months with 188 infant-toddlers randomly sampled from Jinan city,and the "12~36 month Infant-toddler Social and Emotional Assessment Scale" and the "Children's Diagnostic Development Scale" were carried out at 2 years old.The relationship between home nurture environments and development level and social emotional development were analyzed. Results There were significantly positive correlations between perception/cognition,interpersonal interaction/feeding factors,total score of child nurture environment at 3 months,also language/cognition at 12 months and DQ as well as most function domains except gross motor at 2 years old;There were significantly positive correlations between social adaptation/self-care factors at 12 months and language development at 2 years old;And there were negative correlation between the total score of home nurture environment at 3 months and the externalizing,internalizing and deregulation domains at 2 years old.The social adaptation/self-care,neglect/punishment factors,total score of home nurture environment at 12 months had significantly negative correlation with externalizing,deregulation domains,and all factors of home nurture environment had significantly positive correlation with competence domains. Conclusions Early home nurture environment has direct effects on children's early development and the social emotional development.Children's early development and the social emotional development should be promoted by improving home nurture environment as early as possible.

Analysis of parenting self-efficacy of autistic spectrum disorder children's caregivers.

ZHOU Ya-ting, YIN Hua-ying, WANG Min-jian, WANG Juan, CHENG Qian

2016, 24(9):  913-916.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-09-06

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Objective To investigate the status of parenting self-efficacy(PSE) of autistic spectrum disorder(ASD) children's caregivers and to provide evidence for intervention programs. Method ASD children's caregivers were surveyed by general demographic questionnaire and the tool to measure parental self-efficacy (TOPSE). Results A total of 165 caregivers of children with ASD received the investigation.The empathy (△R²=0.708,P<0.05)and discipline/setting boundaries(△R²=0.153,P<0.05) self-efficacy were good predictors,the level of PSE at middle level and the average total score was (6.611±1.003).By descending order,they were:learning,self-acceptance,empathy,emotion,play,pressure,control and discipline/setting boundaries.The score of maternal self-efficacy was significantly higher than that of paternal self-efficacy (P<0.05).PSE was significantly higher in caregivers who lived in cities than those who lived in the countryside (P<0.05).And caregivers' educational background had significant effect on PSE.The higher the diploma was,the higher the level of PSE (P<0.05). Conclusion Different parent-child education mode should be adopted to train caregivers and to improve PSE according to different caregivers' educational levels,in order to build a better family environment for rehabilitation training of children with ASD.

Study on present situation of cognation of sex knowledge and psychosexual in junior high school students in Jinan urban fringe area.

HUO Shu-tong, ZHOU Jiao, LUO Kui, FAN Die, CHEN Qi-wei, ZHENG Hai-shan, LI Jun, XU Ling-zhong

2016, 24(9):  917-919.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-09-07

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Objective To study the junior high school students' present situation of sex education in Jinan urban fringe area and to understand their attitude and knowledge in psychosexual,sexual physiology and sexual diseases. Methods The Method of stratified-clustered-random sampling was used in this study.The first and second grade of junior high school students were sampled from two junior high schools in Licheng and Shizhong,and surveyed with self-made questionnaires. Results The degrees of sexual knowledge scored an average of 5.82 points (total of 16 points).Score of girl was significantly higher than that of boys (P<0.05),while the score rose up with the uptrend of age.The degrees of students in different age and gender had significant differences (P<0.05).The degrees of different sexual diseases had significant differences (P<0.05).The total situation in psychosexual was good in the actual status,while different genders had significant differences. Conclusions The sexual education situation is not satisfying,it should be noticed by relevant departments.They should make a corresponding sexual education plan for students of different genders and ages and carry out as soon as possible.

Study on family nurture environment and social life abilities of preschool children's generalized anxiety.

SHI Qiu-xia, WU Guo-lian, WEI Xiao-juan, WANG Hui-mei

2016, 24(9):  920-923.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-09-08

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Objective To understand the demographic distribution of preschool children's generalized anxiety disorder (GAD),and investigate the relation between family nurture environment and social life abilities,and provide the ways to protect the somatic and mental health of preschool children. Methods A total of 969 preschoolers aged 3~6 were selected and their parents were asked to complete the "Spence Preschool Children's Anxiety Scale","Infant-Junior Middle School Students' Social Life Abilities Scale","Family Nurture Environment Scale".The data were analyzed by means of t-test and Logistic regression analysis. Results The relevance ratio on the GAD was 12.8%,and the relevance ratio in males (14.48%) was higher than that in females (10.96%).Gender and grade had no significant differences (P>0.05).The item of social life ability showed significant differences among the independent living (t=3.495,P<0.05),movement (t=2.973,P<0.05),operations (t=4.285,P<0.05),attending collective activities (t=3.433,P<0.05),self-management (t=3.94,P<0.05).In the family nurture environment scale,the two groups had significant difference in aspects of language/cognitive (t=4.444,P<0.05),emotional warmth/self expression (t=5.234,P<0.05),and social adaptation/self management (t=5.394,P<0.05),ignore/interference/punishment (t=-6.909,P<0.05),to participate in activity diversity/game (t=5.935,P<0.05),the environment/atmosphere (t=4.001,P<0.05). Conclusions Generalized anxiety and other comorbid anxiety are very common in preschool children,preschool children's generalized anxiety associated with social life ability,family nurture environment.Children's anxiety can be prevention and early intervention by raising consultation on preschool children's parents.

Investigation and influencing factors of overweight / obesity among children under 7 years old in Xi'an city,2013.

LI Shao-wen, WANG Si-si, ZHANG Mei-zhen, XIAO Yan-feng, ZHANG Xin

2016, 24(9):  924-927.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-09-09

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Objective To understand the influencing factors of overweight/obesity of children in Xi'an City,and to provide theoretical basis for intervention measures. Methods A total of 10 374 children under 7 years old were investigated prevalence overweight and obesity using random sampling Method,of whom 5 498 were boys and 4 876 were girls.Overweight and obesity were defined with according to WTO weight-for-height standard.606 overweight/obese children aged 3 years old and above were extracted,and normal weight children 763 cases were compared.Parents of children were issued a self-designed questionnaire,and the health care physicians to explain the contents of the questionnaire,then the next day to recover.Multiple regression was used on the influence factors of overweight/obesity.Whether the child was overweight/obese was the dependent variable (i.e.yes=1,no=0),gender,age,birth weight,maternal mode of production,breast feeding situation,education level of parents,family economic situation,children's healthy diet and exercise were independent variables,Logistic regression model was analysed using enter Method. Results 1) The overweight rate under 7 years old children was 16.87% and the obesity rate was 8.18% in 2013.2) Among 5 498 boys,1 008 were overweight with a 18.33% overweight rate and 491 boys were obese with 8.93% rate.Among 4 876 girls,472 participants were overweight with a 15.21% overweight rate,and 358 participants were obese with its 7.92% obesity rate.Compared with the girls' counterparts,the numbers of overweight and obese boys were apparently more.The differences in gender had statistical significances(χ²=17.898,8.677,all P<0.001).2) Logistic regression showed that the independent risk factors of overweight and obesity in children were the parents' obesity,high family income,frequent drinking sweet drinks,good appetite,eating fast.The fathers with highly education and as the foster were the protective factors of the children's overweight/obesity. Conclusions The overweight and obesity rates of children under 7 years old are very high in Xi'an city,there are significant gender differences in overweight / obesity in children,and the boys are higher than girls.Overweight/obesity in children is influenced by many factors.

Influence of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in rats with Tourette syndrome.

LIU Xiu-mei, WANG Xue-ming, YI Ming-ji

2016, 24(9):  928-930.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-09-10

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Objective To investigate bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) transplantation on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the striatum of Tourette syndrome (TS) rat,and to explore the possible mechanism of MSC transplantation in the treatment of TS. Methods Seventy-two Wistar rats were randomly allocated to the control group and the two experimental groups,namely,TS rats+vehicle and TS rats+MSC.MSCs were co-cultured with 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) for 24 h for labeling prior to grafting.An autoimmune TS animal model was adopted in the present study.Rat MSCs were cultured and expanded using density gradient centrifugation in vitro,identified by flow cytometry and transplanted into the striatums of TS animal.BDNF level was detected by ELISA and RT-PCR techniques. Results Stereotypic behaviors reduced in TS rats 7 days after MSC transplantation into rat striatum.BDNF level in striatum of TS rat increased (P<0.05).After MSC transplantation,the BDNF level decreased in the striatum of TS rat. Conclusions Intrastriatal transplantation of MSCs can provide relief from the stereotypic behavior of TS.BDNF level reduces in TS rats after MSC transplantation.

Association of the 48 bp variable number of tandem repeat polymorphism of dopamine D4 receptor gene with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder:a Meta-analysis.

WU Ling, WANG Ling-hua, CHA Cai-hui, OU Wan-xing

2016, 24(9):  946-950.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-09-16

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Objective To explore the association of the 48 bp variable number of tandem repeat(VNTR) polymorphism at exon 3 of dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods The Chinese and English references about the association between 48 bp VNTR polymorphism of DRD4 gene and ADHD were retrieved through Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI),Wanfang,Weipu,Chinese Biomedical Database( CBM),PubMed,Cochrane Library,EBSCO,Ovid,Springer databases,until October 30,2015.A Meta-analysis was used to systematically analyze the literatures. Results A total of 20 studies were included in the final Meta-analysis,enrolling a total of 3 658 ADHD cases and 6 272 controls.The Meta-analysis showed that the frequencies of DRD4 gene 48 bp 4 repeat (4R),7 repeat (7R) and long repeat had statistical differences between ADHD group and the control group in the global group;the frequencies of DRD4 gene 48 bp had not statistical difference between ADHD group and the control group in the Asia group ;the frequencies of DRD4 gene 48 bp 4R,7R,short repeat and long repeat had statistical differences in the non-Asia group. Conclusions The Meta-analysis revealed that the DRD4 48 bp 4R,7R and long repeat have association with ADHD in the global group;The DRD4 48 bp 4R,7R,short repeat and long repeat have association with ADHD in the global group in non-Asia group.There is no statistical difference between ADHD group and the control group in the Asia group.

Association between serum adiponectin and parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis in very low birth weight infant.

PANG Yin, ZHANG Ru-juan, DU Xiao-ya

2016, 24(9):  951-953.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-09-17

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Objective To investigate the association between serum adiponectin (APN) and parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis (PNAC) in very low birth weight infant. Methods Fasting venous blood samples from preterm infants admitted to the First People's Hospital of Jining within 24~48 hours were collected to evaluate the serum levels of adiponectin.The preterm infants were divided into two groups:≥13.15 mg/L to high adiponectin group (n=63) and <13.15 mg/L to low adiponectin group (n=72),based on a median of 13.15 mg/L of adiponectin level.The incidence of PNAC was recorded in the next five weeks,and the occurrence of PNAC was used to determine the end point.Kaplan-Meier Methods were used to analyze the incidence of PNAC,while the correlation of serum adiponectin level and the incidence of PNAC was estimated with the use of univariate Cox regression analysis. Results The incidence of PNAC in low adiponectin group at 2,3,4 and 5 weeks were 21.8%,43.1%,64.0%,and 79.2%,respectively.There was a trend for a lower adiponectin concentrations which become significantly lower at 3 and 4 weeks (P<0.01).The incidence of PNAC in high adiponectin group at different weeks were respectively 17.9%,33.1%,49.3% and 67.8%,However,the serum levels of adiponectin were similar (P>0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the incidence of PNAC between two groups (P<0.01).Univariate Cox regression analysis indicated that adiponectin levels was an independent predictor of long-term outcome in the patients (P<0.05). Conclusions Decreased adiponectin concentrations might be attributed to the higher incidence of PNAC in low adiponectin group during follow up.Adiponectin is associated with PNAC in very low birth weight infants.

Effect of event-related potential about abacus mental calculation training on children' numbers judgment.

SUN Yan-chao, LIU Xiao-qin, GAO Wei-xing, JIA Li-ping

2016, 24(9):  954-957.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-09-18

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Objective To explore the impact of abacus mental calculation on children's numbers judgment. Method The study investigated numerical size judgment on both abacus mental children and common children who didn't receive abacus mental calculation (AMC) training by the application of event-related potential (ERP). Results According to behavioral data,the result showed reaction time that AMC children spending on numerical judgment was shorter than that of common children.According to ERP data,two groups' children had some differences at their early stage of number cognitive processing.Compared with common children,AMC children tended to have higher P1 amplitude in their occipital area and higher N1 amplitude in their prefrontal lobe.However,they turned to have lower P2 amplitude in their left frontal lobe and lower P3 amplitude in their parietal lobe.AMC children were proved to have faster P2 latency than that of common children. Conclusion AMC training can influence children at both early stage and middle stage of number processing.

Correlation analysis of 2～3 years old children's behavior problems and maternal parenting pattern.

MA Jian, ZHAO Pei, JIN Shi-min, QI Chao, SONG Wei-fang

2016, 24(9):  958-960.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-09-19

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Objective To study the relationship between maternal parenting pattern and children's behavior problem,and improve maternal parenting styles. Method The "Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL)" and "Maternal Rearing Questionnaire" were applied to investigate 110 pairs of mother-and-child's maternal parenting patterns and children's behavior problems. Results General incidence of children's behavior problems was 30.9%.The most common was social withdraw,followed by depression,aggression,sleep problems,destroy,somatic discomfort.Responsive sensitive,intervention and control,and parental anxiety of maternal parenting patterns showed negative correlations with those behavior problems and their total points. Conclusion In diagnosis and intervene of children's behavior problems,it is important to support mother enhancing their parenting skill.

Investigation on behavior problems of children aged 2 to 3 in Lanzhou.

YANG Lan, LI Jia-yue, NAN Nan, HE Li, LIU Yue-fen, YUE Li, WANG Yan-xia, WANG Chen, DING Li-wei, ZHU Ying

2016, 24(9):  961-963.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-09-20

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Objective To know about the status behavior problems and its influencing factors of children aged 2~3 years old in Lanzhou,and promote the progress of children's psychological health. Method A total of 181 children in Lanzhou were investigated with Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL,2~3) Chinese Version and self-made questionaire of influencing factors. Results The detecting rate of children aged 2~3 years old identified as behavior problems was 15.5%,while the rate of the abnormal for boys was 14.3% and 17.1% for girls.There was no significant difference in the factors of behavior problem between boys and girls(P＞0.05).The scores of sociality withdrawal,depression,sleeping,body discomfort,disruptive behavior,introversion and total problems were significantly higher than normal(P＜0.01),but the scores of aggressive behavior and extroversion were significantly lower than those of normal(P＜0.001).Parents' cultural level was one of the important influencing factors of the children's behavior problems. Conclusions The behavioral problems among children aged 2~3 years old in Lanzhou city are outstanding,especially sociality withdrawal and introversion.It is necessary to strengthen early comprehensive development guidance and comprehensive intervention.

Investigation of behavioral problems of pre-school children in Dalian.

ZHAO Yong-xin, XU Shu-yun, HE Chang-hua, HE Hui-min

2016, 24(9):  964-966.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-09-21

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Objective To explore the prevelence of behavioral problems of Dalian Xigang district and to deal with the behavioral problems at early stage,and to improve the children Mental development healthily. Method A total of 638 pre-school children in 3 kindergartens had been chosen randomly to fill the Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire. Results The prevalence of behavioral problems in Dalian was 17.87% totally.The prevalence of behavioral problems in boys was higher than that of girls prominently.The prevalence of learning problem and psychosomastic disorder in boys was higher than that of girls.The comorbidity of the behavioral problems was one or two types. Conclusions The prevalence of behavioral problems in Dalian is similar to other cities of our country.It should be paid more attention and guided to boys because of the higher prevalence of them than girls' relatively.The prevalence of learning problem and psychosomastic disorder is prominent in boys.

Effect on integrated group intervention on the physical development and bone mineral density of small for gestational age infants.

GAO Yong-jia, QIAN Ying-ying, HU Zhuo-jie, ZHOU Ya-fang, HU Yan-li, REN Ying-ying, LING Chun-ying

2016, 24(9):  967-970.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-09-22

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Objective To explore the effect on integrated group intervention on the physical development and bone mineral density of small for gestational age infants(SGA). Methods During August 2013 to February 2014,67 SGA from high-risk-infant clinic were divided into intervention group and non intervention group according to the parents' will.In the intervention group,33 cases were treated with integrated group intervention,34 cases in non intervention group were treated with conventional high-risk-infant management,and 20 preterm appropriate for gestational age infants health examined during the same period were randomized.At the correct age 12 months,body weight,length,head circumference and bone density were measured. Results Among SGA intervention group,SGA non intervention group and preterm appropriate for gestational age infants group,differences of body weight,length,head circumference and bone density had statistical significances (P<0.05).Body weight,length and head circumference were decreasd of preterm appropriate for gestational age infants group,SGA intervention group and SGA non intervention group.Bone density was decreased of the SGA non intervention group,preterm appropriate for gestational age infants group and SGA intervention group. Conclusions The mode of integrated group intervention can promote the physical development of SGA,especially body weight to catch up quickly.But in the process of catching up,the problem of SGA bone mineral density deficiency should be paid more attention,and the quantitative ultrasound bone mineral density test is worth to recommend.

Nutrition developing trends of Li'su ethnicity children and adolescents in China.

YANG Yun-juan, CHANG Li-tao, CHEN Lu, WEI Xi-jing

2016, 24(9):  971-973.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-09-23

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Objective To analyze the secular growth trend and nutrition status among the Li'su ethnicity children and adolescents in China from 2005 to 2014,and supply the suggestions to improve their growth and nutrition. Methods From 2005 to 2014,the children and adolescents from 24 primary and secondary school of 3 counties of Yunnan Nujiang Prefectures aged 7 to 18 were enrolled for the physic examination with the multistage stratified random cluster sampling.Using WHO-2006 standard,the changes of the rate of the students' growth retardation and malnutrition were compared,the students' secular growth and nutrition development trends were analyzed from 2005 to 2014 in the national student physical health research students. Results The malnutrition rate of Li'su boys and girls were respectively decreased from 48.84% and 41.13% to 30.96% and 23.41%.The rate of 7~18 years old Li'su boys growth retardation in 2005,2010 and 2014 were respectively 43.22%,35.54% and 25.80%;The rate of 7~18 years old Li'su girls growth retardation were respectively 38.15%,33.56% and 20.30%.The sex difference of 18-year-old height were respectively 8.94 cm,9.96 cm and 11.28 cm in 2005,2010 and 2014. Conclusions The nutritional status of Li'su children and adolescents has been significantly improved,but malnutrition remains a serious public health problem.For the serious malnutrition phenomenon,and the sex difference of height was less than 13cm.The intervention of nutrition and health education were recommended to carry on and further promote and facilitate the Students' Nutrition Improvement Program,and to develop the height growth potential of Li'su students.

Nutrition status and its influencing factors of preschool children of Changting in Fujian.

CHEN Jing, ZENG Guo-zhang

2016, 24(9):  974-977.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-09-24

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Objective To explore the nutrition status of preschool children of Changting in Fujian,and provide references for improving children's health levels. Methods A random cluster sampling Method was carried out,19 034 children at the age of 2～6 years old were selected randomly as study subjects.Data were analyzed with software of SPSS 17.0 and the disease causes were investigated with questionnaire. Results Severe malnutrition prevalence rate of preschool children in Changting was 0.91%,including low weight 0.34%,growth retardation 0.21%,marasmus 0.37%.The prevalence rate of obesity among preschool children was 7.40%.The Results indicated that childhood obesity occurrence was related to their parents' obesity,the child diet habits,high income,time consumed in watching television and doing exercises.The influencing factors of malnutrition were disease factor,valuing dietary structure,only child,unhealthy eating habits and accepting nutrition lectures or free therapy. Conclusion The nutrition status of preschool children in Changting is good,but the dual problems of malnutrition and obesity should be faced.

Study on language development situations and influencing factors of children aged 0~4 years old.

LIU Min-na, GAO Xue-ting, LI Yuan, XIAO Lin

2016, 24(9):  978-980.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-09-25

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Objective To know language development situations of children aged 0~4 years old and to investigate influencing factors. Methods Language development quotient of 667 children aged 0~4 years old measured was be by Chinese Children Development Scale compiled by Capital Institute of Pediatrics,meanwhile get the influencing factors through the family environment questionnaire.Single factor analysis and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the data. Results The mean of language development quotient of 667 children was 100.84±13.36; Univariate analysis found that language development quotient was correlated with main foster person,paternal educational level,parenting style and family history of language disorders(P＜0.05).Multiple linear regression showed that language development quotient was high among the children with parents as the main foster person,parenting style with more communication,and high paternal educational level. Conclusions Language development of children is closely correlated with family environment.Providing positive language environment should be helpful to language development of children.

Dynamic analysis of physical constitution of the Kirgiz children aged 7~12 of Xinjiang.

LIU Li-xin, AIERKEN·Wayiti

2016, 24(9):  981-983.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-09-26

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Objective To analyze the physical condition of Kirgiz children from 7 to 12 years old in Xinjiang,promote their physical fitness and health,and provide the basis for improving school physical education and health work. Method A sample of 2 073 students aged 7 to 12 years old in primary were chosen from 2000 and 2010.National Student Physical Fitness and Health Research in Xinjiang area test data form,function,quality indicators and their derived indicators were analysed. Results During 10 years,Kirgiz female's height,speed of male and female students had increased,the others decreased.Compared with 2000,male's height decreased 0.10 cm,female increased 0.86 cm,the weight decreased 1.23 kg and 0.75 kg in 2010 respectively;Pulmonary activity showed a downward trend,decreased 179.08 ml and 162.52 ml respectively;Physical indicators:50 m race scores were increased by 0.92 s and 0.65 s,standing long jump scores were dropped by an average of 3.42 cm and 4.76 cm,endurance running scores were decreased by an average of 8.52 s and 8.61 s respectively. Conclusion During 10 years,physical health level of Kirgiz children aged 7~12 decreased,comprehensive and effective measures should be taken to promote the improvement of the status of students' physical fitness and health.

Developmental characteristics of Children aged one year old in Tianfu New District,Chengdu.

ZHANG Lan, ZHAO Chun-xia, FU Li, XIE Zhi, WU Ting, LUO Hong, LUO Hong-yi

2016, 24(9):  984-986.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-09-27

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Objective To investigate the developmental characteristics of children aged 1 year old in Tianfu New District,Chengdu. Methods From September to October 2015,totally 220 children aged 1 year old in Tianfu New District,Chengdu were enrolled in this study (male vs female=1:1).All children were accessed with the Gesell Developmental Schedules subsequently.According to five strands and gender,study subjects were divided into groups and difference between groups were analyzed with the One-way analysis of variance and Two-sample t-test. Results Social behavior in children aged 1 year old developed fastest than the other four strands(P<0.000 1).Language performance was the worst in five strands(P<0.0001).In boys aged 1 year old,language developed slower than other four strands (P<0.001).Also in girls aged 1 year old,language develpoed slower other four strands (P<0.005),while social behavior developed faster than other four strands(P<0.005).There was no sex difference in developmental strands except for language. Conclusions Development of five strands in children aged 1 year old is unbalanced.Developmental of language should be further promoted.

Influence factors of mothers' intervention on oral health behavior of children in Nanning city.

WEI Xue, GUO Yu-sha, LI Hong, WEI Si-yu, WU Cai-yuan, TAN Xiong-yan, ZUO Yan-li

2016, 24(9):  987-989.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-09-28

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Objective To explore the effect of mothers' intervention on oral health behavior of children in Nanning city,to provide data support for the develop oral health education program of the 2.5~4.5 years old children's mother and constructing oral health promotion community network of maternal and child in Nanning city community. Methods Totally 834 children aged 2.5~4.5 years old from 6 nurseries and kindergartens in two communities were selected by random sampling and mothers were surveyed by a questionnaire,intervention factors of oral health behavior of children were analysed by Logistic regression analysis. Results The children brushed their teeth two times a day and more was 38.5%,had oral treatment was 34.0%,used fluoride toothpaste was 20.9%,had a sweet tooth before bed was 74.1%.There was correlation between oral health behavior of children and mother's education level,the mother helped the child to brush their teeth and checked the effect of brushing teeth,the mother's knowledge of regular oral examination and fluoride toothpaste to the teeth. Conclusions The oral health behaviors of children are not perfect in Nanning.The influence factors of mothers' culture should be focus on improving their oral health knowledge targeted,strengthen the behavior of the mother to interfere with the children's oral hygiene and take corresponding preventive measures.

Investigation of anemia of kindergarten children in Shenzhen.

QIU Shuang-yan, LIU Yi-xin, LEI Yu, WEN Guo-ming, LI Hai-fei, HUANG Gui-fang

2016, 24(9):  990-992.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-09-29

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Objective To acknowledge the anemia status of kindergarten children in Shenzhen,provide a theoretical basis to develop prevention strategies and interventions for reducing the prevalence of anemia of children in kindergartens. Method With stratified cluster sampling,317 kindergartens were randomly selected and collected the whole physical examination data in 2013 for statistical analysis. Results 1)The average hemoglobin of kindergarten children in Shenzhen was (123.83±8.83)g/L.The prevalence of anemia was 6.28% and the mild anemia account for 98.7%.The prevalence of 2~6 years old children were 4.16%,4.59%,3.88%,10.81%,8.50% respectively,and the prevalence rate of anemia among children in different age groups was different(χ²=1 304.4,P<0.001).There was no significant difference in the prevalence of anemia between boys and girls(χ²=0.143,P=0.705).2)The prevalence rate of anemia of kindergarten children in center district was 3.83% and lower than 7.51% in the surrounding area (χ²=432.63,P<0.001).3) The prevalence of anemia in unrated,district,municipal,provincial kindergartens followed by 7.39%,7.23%,4.57% and 4.11% ,the difference had statistical significance(χ²=284.0,P<0.001).The level of kindergartens and anemia prevalence rate had linear trend(χ²=284.0,P<0.001).4)The prevalence of anemia in children with low weight,growth retardation,and weight loss was higher than that of normal children (P<0.001). Conclusion Shenzhen kindergarten children's anemia situation is not optimistic,measures according to the different situations of the children should be taken to further reduce the prevalence of anemia,and promote the healthy growth of children.

Influence of different delivery status on school-age children's learning ability.

YAN Ju-hua, FENG Pei, NIU Xiao-hu, XU Tan

2016, 24(9):  993-995.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-09-30

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Objective To analyse the influence of different delivery status on school-age children's learning ability. Methods A total of 4 983 children during 6~12 years old in Kunshan city were selected through cluster sampling Method.They and their teachers or parents were surveyed about learning ability and their delivery status.Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influence of different delivery status on school-age children's learning ability. Results The average score of 4 983 children's learning ability was (4.26±50.52).The average score of the girls' learning ability (4.35±0.48) was higher than that of the boys' (4.18±0.53)(P<0.05).The average learning ability score of children in high grade (4.36±0.52) was higher than that of the children in middle (4.23±0.52) or low grade (4.18±0.49)(P<0.05).Multiple linear regressions found there was no statistical significance of the influence of cesarean and dystocia on the school-age children's learning ability after adjustment for gender and grade level.However,prematurity and postterm pregnancy could reduce the average score of children's learning ability after adjustment for gender and grade level,and the reduced score were 0.07 and 0.08,respectively. Conclusion Prematurity and postterm pregnancy could influence the school-age children's learning ability.

Evaluation and analysis of quality index of newborn hearing screening in Rugao from 2006 to 2013.

WANG Jie, CAI Yu-ying, JIANG Hua, LI Hong-bin

2016, 24(9):  996-999.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-09-31

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Objective To evaluate the quality index of newborn hearing screening in Rugao and provide reference for the adjustment of the screening program. Method Retrospective analysis of newborn hearing screening was conducted in Rugao city during 2006-2013 to calculate the related quality indicators and make comparisons with the national quality standard. Results Newborn hearing screening rate in recent 8 years was 92.95%(79 802/85 857),exceeded the requirements of the national "screening program"(90%)(U=28.81,P＜0.05).The rate of the primary screening was 91.55%(73 060/79 802) and higher than the requirement of "listening test intervention guide" (90%)(U=14.60,P＜0.05).The rescreening rate was 95.85%(6 462/6 742),and higher than the requirement of "listening test intervention guide" (80%)(U=32.54,P＜0.05).Rescreening positive rate was 39.89%(2 578/6 462).The number of secondary screening positive referrals accounted for 2.19% of the total number of screening(1 748/79 802) and within the provisions of the "listening test intervention guide"(5%)(U=36.42,P＜0.05),referral rate was 67.80%(1 748/2 578).The diagnosis rate of hearing impairment was 0.99‰(79/79 802).Initial screening age of confirmed cases was (26.95±13.35) days(t=11.288,P＜0.05),secondary screening age was (58.16±15.50) days(t=9.268,P＜0.05) and lag behind the national "screening specification" requirements.Referral age was (96.44±26.84) days(t=1.720,P＞0.05),and in line with the national "screening specification" requirements. Conclusion The main problems of newborn hearing screening in Rugao are screening age,screening days behind the "screening specification" requirements,so there is need to adjust the hearing screening program in a timely manner and to carry out the investigation and research on related factors.