Table of Content

10 December 2014, Volume 22 Issue 12

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Preliminary revision of The Matson Evaluation of Social Skills with Youngsters.

LIU Bu-yun,JING Jin,DAI Mei-xia,HUANG Zhe-lan,TAN Wei-qing,YE Xiao-fang,LIANG Jing-jing,SONG Shan-shan,CHEN Xue-bin.

2014, 22(12):  1236-1238.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2014-22-12-02

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Objective To revise The Matson Evaluation of Social Skills with Youngsters (MESSY),and examine its reliability and validity. Methods The scale was translated into Chinese,revised version was obtained after item analysis and explorer factor analysis using pre-survey sample [n=209,boys 105,mean age (9.44±1.74)y].The reliability and validity were tested using formal survey sample [n=465,boys 251,mean age (9.26±1.75)y],67 children were retested 2weeks later. Results 30 items were left after item analysis.The internal consistency Cronbach'α was 0.876,the test-retest correlation coefficient was 0.75.The results of explorer factor analysis showed that 41.973% of the total variation could be explained by 3 factors.The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that RMSEA was 0.058,and GFI was 0.87,which suggested that the model was fitted good. Conclusion The MESSY has sound validity and reliability.

Assessment the motor developmental outcome at 4 years old of children conceived by intracytoplasmic sperm injection.

HONG Qin,CHI Xia,YANG Lei,ZHANG Min,LIU Xiao,ZHANG Lei,WU Lan,XIE Ya-chun,DOU Shu-juan,ZHANG Guang-bao,RUI Hong-xin,WU Qian,HE Yan-lu,SONG Jun,CHEN Rong-hua,GUO Xi-rong,TONG Mei-ling.

2014, 22(12):  1239-1241.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2014-22-12-03

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Objective To assess the motor developmental outcome at 4 years old children conceived by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and to compare with children conceived naturally. Methods Children enrolled were conceived by ICSI from Jan.2009,through to the end of Dec.2009 in the State key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine Department of Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital.18 ICSI alive single born underwent movement assessments and 36 control subjects as normal control (NC) were matched with respect to age,gender,and birth number.The children were excluded if their gestational weeks less than 32 weeks,birth weight less than 1 500 g,with fetal distress or birth asphyxia history.Children's motor development was assessed with the Movement Assessment Battery of Children (M-ABC) and children sensory integration scale,respectively. Results Physical development:the birth length [ICSI:(48.72±2.52)cm,NC:(50.33±1.24)cm],and birth weight [ICSI:(3.04±0.68)kg,NC:(3.50±0.42)kg] of ICSI group were significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05);at 4 years old,no significant differences were found in the height,weight or head circumference of the two groups(all P>0.05).Motor development:there were no differences in terms of flexibility,hand-eye coordination or total score; However,ICSI group was significantly lower than the control group in balance (ICSI:8.44±1.72,NC:10.92±3.18,P<0.05).Sensory integration capabilities:There were no differences in balance and vestibular double differentiation of the brain,tactile defensiveness,developmental dyspraxia,visual-spatial and shape sensory,the center of gravity or overall evaluation. Conclusion By refining assessment content,expanding the sample size and extending follow-up time,we can provide more powerful evidence for judgment of the long-term developmental outcomes of assisted reproductive offspring.

The revision and according validity research of 〈China Developmental Scale for Children〉.

JIN Chun-hua,LI Rui-li,ZHANG Li-li,ZHANG Yue,LI Na,WANG Jian-hong,WANG Xiao-yan,LIANG Wei-lian,ZHANG Yi-xun,WEI Zhuang,ZHANG Feng,LIANG Ai-min,ZHAO Lu,BAO Ling,KONG Ya-nan,CHEN Bo-wen.

2014, 22(12):  1242-1246.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2014-22-12-04

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Objective To study the construct validity and effective validity of the revised 〈China Developmental Scale for Children〉 and provide support for national norm and diagnostic development scale. Methods The revised 〈China Developmental Scale for Children〉 was used among sampled Beijing population.Item analyse,exploratory factor analysis,confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling analysis were used to determine the scale structure and structure effectiveness.Gesell Development Scale was performed to external effective validity analyse. Results Among 2 779 from 0 to 84 months old children,1 648 were boy and 1 311 were girl.77 329 tests were performed.99.2% (259/261) of the test items had discriminability (critical ratio,P<0.05).Regroup the samples for every three months age.9 subsets KMO were 0.938,0.954,0.933,0.932,0.940,0.942,0.948,0.976,0.956;5 dimension of the scale and extract factor loading analyze generally matched.After performing compulsory testing verify analyses for 9 subsets,idea of five dimension and actual data were fitted well.Considering the characteristic of development scale and the sample request of verify factor analyses,adjacent month aging was regrouped and verify analyses,the analyses parameter CFI and NNFI were both greater than 0.9,79.2% (19/24) of the sample had RMSEA lower than 0.08,the highest value was 0.98 which still matched the five dimension idea.The Pearson factor between Gasell scale was 0.637. Conclusion The revised 〈China Developmental Scale for Children〉 has good structure effectiveness and discrimination.Five dimension structure is reasonable and matches the diagnose development scale parameters.The result can be adapted as the foundation of national norm scale.

Influence of abuse during childhood on dating violence among college students.

AO Deng,ZHOU Hong,BAI Wen-xing.

2014, 22(12):  1247-1249.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2014-22-12-05

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Objective To investigate the prevalence of dating violence among college students,and the impact of abuse during childhood by their parents on dating violence. Methods Snowball sampling was used and 1 130 college students from seven universities in Beijing were surveyed with a self-administered questionnaire anonymously. Results Of the 1 130 students,50.8% had intimate partner in previous one year.Among students having intimate partner,16.9% experienced aggression by their partners while 11.1% had aggressive behaviors to partners.The proportions of being the victim of physical assault,emotional abuse and sexual coercion were 14.1%,10.6% and 9.9%.And 8.0% had physical assault,7.1% had emotional abuse,and 3.7% had sexual coercion to partners.At the same time,45.0% (n=509)of students reported having experienced abuse during childhood by their parents.The proportions of being hurt by hands,by things,and being humiliated by their parents were 41.6%,24.9%,and 13.1%.And 24.5% saw parents fight or had aggressive behaviors to brothers or sisters.Students experienced abuse during childhood by their parents were more likely to be involved in dating violence,when compared with the students who had no such experiences(P=0.005). Conclusion Dating violence among college students is worth being paid more attention.Having physical and emotional abuse exporiances during childhood by their parents is related to dating violence.

Study on the impact of parenting style to the primary school students' intelligence.

ZHONG Xiao-yan,YANG De-sheng,LI Hui-zhen,PENG Xi-chang,JING Jin,ZHU Yan-na,CHEN Ya-jun,JIN Yu,LI Xiu-hong.

2014, 22(12):  1250-1252.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2014-22-12-06

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Objective To explore the relationship between parenting style and the primary school students' intelligence,and provide the theoretical basis for establishment of the pointed education method. Methods A total of 882 students from grade 1 to 6 in primary shcool of Nanhai district,Foshan City were investigated.Their parents were assessed with Parental Style Scale,and their intelligence were assessed with IQ scores of Human Figure Drawings. Results 1) For mother's parenting style and parents' parenting style,primary school students' intelligence quotient (IQ) of democratic parenting was significantly higher than indifference group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).2)The response and requirements of father,mother and parents for primary school students,had significantly positive correlation with IQ;3) Mother's response dimension,primary school students' age,father's requirements dimension and mother's educational background,these four factors had significant prediction to primary school students' IQ,and they were positively correlated with IQ,except primary school students' age was negatively related with IQ. Conclusion Parenting style has remarkable effect on primary school students IQ.Mother's high educational background and high response dimension,father's high requirements dimension do good to raising a smarter child.

Relationship between online gaming addiction and gratitude/social support of the left-behind children.

WEI Chang,XU Qian,ZHOU Sha-sha,CHEN Xiao-ming,LU Hui-xing,ZHANG Bi-yun.

2014, 22(12):  1253-1256.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2014-22-12-07

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Objective To explore the relationship between gratitude and online gaming addiction among left-behind children,and examine the mediating effect of social support therein. Method Gratitude Scale,Social Support Scale and Online Gaming Addiction Scale were used on 498 left-behind children. Results As for left-behind children,boys' score was significantly higher than that of girls in cybergame addiction (t=9.64,P＜0.001);Gratitude and social support were significantly negative associated with online gaming addiction among left-behind children (r₁=-0.15,r₂=-0.21,all P＜0.001);And the effect of gratitude on online gaming addiction was totally mediated by social support. Conclusion Gratitude is a powerful inhibited factor for left-behind children's online gaming addiction,and the protective effect occurs through social support.

Study on visual evoked potential in children with autism spectrum disorder.

ZHANG Kai-feng,XU Xiu,XU Qiong.

2014, 22(12):  1257-1259.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2014-22-12-08

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Objective To study the Pattern Reversed Visual Evoked Potential (PRVEP )characteristics of children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD). Methods The ASD group of 12 children were diagnosed by DSM-Ⅳ.The control group were 12 normal children.They were tested by PRVEP at five levels of spatial frequency. Results 1)The latencies of P100 wave were significantly prolonged at all five spatial frequency in the ASD group compared with the control group (P<0.05).2) The amplitudes of P100 in the ASD group were significant smaller than those in the control group at all five spatial frequency (P<0.05). Conclusions The latencies of P100 wave are longer and the amplitudes are smaller in ASD group than those in control group.It is indicated that the transmission function of retinal ganglion cells to the visual centers deal difficultly and the parvocellular pathway is deficit in the children with ASD.

Research on the relation of male juvenile delinquents' personality and family environment,parenting style.

ZHANG Hai-fang.

2014, 22(12):  1260-1262.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2014-22-12-09

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Objective To explore male juvenile delinquents' personality traits and the relationship with personality and family environment,parenting style,and to provide evidence for juvenile delinquences prevention,education and reform. Methods A total of 218 male juvenile delinquents and 211 middle school boy students were surveyed with Eysenck Personality Questionnaire,Family Environment Scale and Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppforstran scale. Results The levels of N and P in EPQ of juvenile delinquents were higher than those of middle school boy students with statistical differences (P<0.001).The levels of E,P and N of delinquents' were correlated with their family environment and parenting style in several dimensions(r=-0.136～-0.417,0.149~0.374).Family active recreation predicted E positively.Mother's emotional warmth and family cohesion predicted N negatively,and family conflict,father's severe punishment,father's rejection predicted N positively.Mother's over protection and interference,family conflict,mother's favoring subjects,father's rejection predicted P positively(P<0.05 or <0.01). Conclusion Juvenile delinquents are highly neurotic and psychotic in personality,and the family environment,parenting style have specific influence on their personality.

Research on relation between street children's self-awareness,problem behavior and personality.

YUAN Yin,OUYANG Xu-wei,GOU Xing-yuan,TIAN Shang-yin,QIU Jian,LU Wei,YANG Gai-fang,YUAN Meng

2014, 22(12):  1263-1266.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2014-22-12-10

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Objective To explore the relationship between street children's self-awareness,problem behavior,and personality and to provide helps for further behavioral prevention. Method 60 street children were investigated and by Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concent Scale (PHCSS),Eysensic Perorality Questionnaire (EPQ),Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire (SDQ). Results 1)Many street children were left-behind children,experienced important people's death before vagabond.Those street children who left behind in the past scored lower on social,happiness and satisfaction and significantly high on neuroticism than those children did not experience left behind.2)There were correlativity among neuroticism(N),psychoticism (P) and self-awareness,problem behavior.3) N and P played mediating role between street children's self-awareness and problem behavior. Conclusion Self-awareness influences street children's problem behavior through mediation mechanism of personality.Improving street children's self-awareness can guide to form healthy personality.

Child neglect and its influencing factors in one-child families.

ZHU Qing-qing,HUA Jing,GU Gui-xiong.

2014, 22(12):  1267-1270.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2014-22-12-11

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Objective To estimate the prevalence of child neglect in one-child families in China and examine its risk factors so as to provide the basis for its prevention and intervention. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of 2 044 children aged 7~10 years and their parents recruited from 4 primary schools of Suzhou City,China.Neglect and its subtypes were investigated by Evaluation Questionnaire of Child Neglect of Urban Children Aged 3～6 Years in China this validated indigenous measurement scale reported by parents.Child,parental and family characteristics were obtained by questionnaires and review of social security records.Logistic regression analises were performed to estimate the association between risk factors and types of child neglect while controlling for covariates. Results Supervision neglect was the most prevalent type of neglect (20.3%),followed by emotional (15.2%),physical (11.1%),medical (7.7%),general (6.1%) and educational neglect (6.0%).The adjusted odds ratio showed that children's gender were associated with physical neglect(OR=0.71,P<0.05).Children's physical health status(OR=1.43),cognitive impairment (OR=1.96)and parental education(OR=0.70,0.71) were associated with emotional neglect (all P <0.05).Children's physical health status(OR=1.68),maternal age (OR=7.33),employment(OR=1.94) and education(OR=0.49)were associated with educational neglect (all P<0.05).Mother's health problem were associated with supervision neglect (OR=1.57).Maternal education(OR=0.44) and family income (OR=1.55)were associated with medical neglect (all P<0.05). Conclusions Child neglects are prevalent in one-child families from eastern Unban China.The risk factors appeared to be different from those found in some western societies.This indicates the prevention and intervention of child neglect in well-developed unban in China is very urgent.

Changes of nuclear factor-kappa B and parvalbumin positive neurons in hippocampal CA1 region in VPA autism rats.

YI Ming-ji,SUN Ji-lian,CHEN Lei,LI Yin,FENG Xue-ying.

2014, 22(12):  1271-1273.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2014-22-12-12

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Objective To establish the animal model of autism and explore pathogenesis of autism by observation of changes of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and parvalbumin(PV) positive neurons in hippocampal CA1 region and to provide theoretical evidence for the therapeutic schedule of autism. Methods Animal model of autism was obtained as Schneider showed.The immunohistochemistry methods and image analysis were used to examine the number of NF-κB,and PV positive neurons in hippocampal CA1 region in autism model rats and the normal rats. Results The number of NF-κB positive neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region of the autism model rats was more than that of the normal rats(4.67±1.56 vs 3.00±1.54,t=2.639,P=0.015).The number of PV positive neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region of the autism model rats was more than that of the normal rats (5.33±0.99 vs 2.83±1.27,t=5.378,P=0.000). Conclusion The occurrence of autism may be related to the changes of NF-κB and PV in hippocampal CA1 region.

The shyness and social development of the top class children in kindergarten.

HAN Pi-guo,WU Yun-peng,GAO Feng-qiang

2014, 22(12):  1290-1292.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2014-22-12-18

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Objective To explore the social development level and the effect of the shyness of the top class children in kindergarten. Methods A random sample of 292 top class children were selected from several kindergartens in Shandong province,and their shyness and social development were measured by using the Child Social Preference Scale (CSPS) and the Child Social Development Scale. Results There was no significant difference between boys and girls in the social development level;the social developments of only-child and the parents-raised children were significantly higher than those of non-only-child and the grandparents-raised children; the shyness level of children was negatively related with their social development;the effect of shyness on the social norm abidance of grandparents-raised children was higher than that of parents-raised children. Conclusions The social developments of non-only-child and the grandparents-raised children are lower and the the social development is negatively related with shyness.

Investigation and analysis on influencing factors of neglect experiences for rural elementary and middle school students in Xuzhou city.

GONG Xiang-jun,CHU Ying,JIANG Li-yong,NIU Xiao-xia,MAO Wei-wei.

2014, 22(12):  1293-1295.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2014-22-12-19

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Object To investigate the incidence and impact factors of neglect for rural elementary and middle school students in Xuzhou,and to provide scientific basis for making a scientific interventions to reduce the incidence of neglect for rural elementary and middle school students. Method Two towns were randomly selected in Xuzhou,and a primary and a junior high school were selected from one township,and a high school from another township,one class was selected form each grade,scale of "Projection of Neglect Experiences for Rural Elementary and Middle School Students in China" was applied to investigate the incidence and impact factors of neglect for rural elementary and middle school students. Results A total of 533 students were investigated,in which 112 was from Grade 1~3 (age groups 6~8 years old),139 was from Grade 4~6 (age groups 9~11 years old),282 was from junior and senior school (age groups 12~17 years old),the total incidence of neglect was 25.3 %,26.7%,38.5% respectively.Chi-square analysis showed the incidence of neglect was colosly related with those factors,such as parents' workplace often changed,relationship of teenagers with their parents,and only-child or not. Conclusions In order to create a harmonious parent-child relationship,and reduce the incidence of neglect for elementary and middle school students,parents should provide a stable family environment for their children,and pay more attention to adolescence students whose physical and mental development are more special.

Study on the relationship between self-concept and parental rearing patterns in short stature children.

DING Da-wei,ZHONG Yan,YOU Cheng,HE Yi,CHEN Yu.

2014, 22(12):  1296-1298.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2014-22-12-20

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Objectives To investigate the level of self-concept in short stature children and compare with normal children,to explore the relationship between parental rearing patterns and children's self-concept. Methods Piers-Harris Children's Self-concept Scale (PHCSS) and Egna Minnen Bamdoms Uppfostran(EMBU)scale were used in 107 short stature children in Changsha.PHCSS was used in 107 normal children. Results Short stature children scored significantly lower on the total scores of self-concept,especially on sub-scales of behavior,somatic and appearance,well-being and satisfaction than normal children.Correlation analysis indicated that parental warmth positively correlated to all children's self-concept level,father's punishment was negatively correlated to behavior (r=-0.512),physical appearance(r=-0.178) and gregarious(r=-0.321);father's partialism was negatively correlated to gregarious(r=-0.212)but positively correlated to happiness(r=0.226);father's rejection was negatively correlated to behavior(r=0.226) and intellect status(r=-0.196);father's overprotection was positively correlated to appearance (r=0.263)and happiness(r=0.196).Mother's intrusiveness and over protection were positively correlated to physical appearance(r=0.179)and happiness(r=0.234); mother's rejection was negatively correlated to behavior(r=-0.369),physical appearance (r=-0.206)and anxiety(r=-0.239);mother's punishment was negatively correlated to behavior(r=-0.412),physical appearance (r=-0.261)and happiness(r=-0.253);mother's partialism was positively correlated to intellect status(r=0.224)but negatively correlated to anxiety(r=-0.236). Conclusions The levels of self concept of children with short stature are significantly lower than normal children,and related to parental rearing patterns.

Relationship between mental health and coping style of the Tibetan junior middle school students.

YANG Li-jun,LIN Ping,CI REN Qu-zong,ZHAN Dui,ZHU Dian-qing,YUAN Lu-yin,HUANG Hong-qiang.

2014, 22(12):  1299-1301.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2014-22-12-21

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Objective To explore the effect of coping style on mental health of junior midddle school students. Methods A total of 786 Tibetan students from junior middle school were investigated by General Data Questionnaire,Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire and Mental Health Inventory of Middle-school students Scale. Results The hierarchical regression analysis indicated that the demographic variables including grade,boarding or not,family income,left-in-home,grades,academic performance got into the equation(F=8.526,P=0.000),and after controlling demographic variables,the coping style explained 21.7% variance of the mental health scores independently. Conclusion School managers should especially focus on the Tibetan junior middle school students who are in grade one and left-in-home,with low family income,poor academic performance and improve the overall level of mental health among junior middle school students by increasing their positive coping and reducing the negative coping styles.

Influencing factors of child abuse and its effect on psychological health among primary and middle students in Zhuang nationality area.

LIU Ping,LI Chun-ling,ZHANG Yun-min,CAI Qiu-ling.

2014, 22(12):  1302-1304.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2014-22-12-22

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Objective To explore the influencing factors of child abuse among primary and middle students in Zhuang nationality area and its effect on students' psychological health. Methods A total of 3 936 students of grade 4~9 were chosen by multi-stage cluster sampling method.Student general information questionnaire,the Screen Questionnaire of Child Abuse(SQCA),the Social Anxiety Scale for Children (SASC) and the Self-Esteem Scale(SES) were filled by theirselves.Influencing factors of child abuse were explored by non-conditional Logistic regression analysis.The correlation analysis between child abuse and social anxiety and self-esteem was completed,to confirm the correlation strength. Results Five influencing factors about child abuse in Zhuang nationality area were grade,sex,nation,social anxiety and self-esteem.The OR of primary and middle school,sex and self-esteem were less than 1,other OR were exceed 1.The correlation coefficient between SASC and child abuse was 0.201;the corrleration coefficient between SES and child abuse was -0.135. Conclusion The influencing factors about child abuse in Zhuang nationality area are grade,sex,nation,social anxiety and self-esteem.Comparing to primary school,middle school is protecting factor of child abuse; girl is protecting factor comparing to boy;Han nationality is risk factor comparing to Zhuang nationality.There is positive correlation between social anxiety and child abuse,and there is negative correlation between the degree of self-esteem and child abuse.

Application of 〈the Preschool Children's Language Barrier Rating Scale〉.

XU Hai-yan.

2014, 22(12):  1305-1307.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2014-22-12-23

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Objective To find out the problems in Preschool Children's Language Barrier Rating Scale made by Taiwanese professor LIN Bao-gui and to provid the basis for users by analyzing the application of the scale among preschool children with language barriers in the Mainland. Method Mean values,standard deviation of all age groups,difficulty level and appraisal ability of tested questions,reliability and validity were analyzed by testing 95 preschool children in the Mainland aged from 3 to 5 years old. Results Although Preschool Children's Language Barrier Rating Scale had a good internal consistency,mean values in each age group were significantly higher than norms of Taiwanese children.Moreover,difficulty level and appraisal ability of tests were insufficient for children aged from 4 to 5 years old. Conclusions Preschool Children's Language Barrier Rating Scale is excellent for evaluation of preschool children's language barrier.However,due to cultural differences and other factors in the Mailand and Taiwan,it can not be directly used in clinical diagnosis of children's language barrier.The tests and norms are suggested to further revise.

Life quality of left-behind children in rural areas of Gansu.

LI Jia-yue,HE Li,GUO Jin-xian,YANG Lan.

2014, 22(12):  1308-1310.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2014-22-12-24

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Objective To investigate the life quality of rural left-behind children in Gansu and explore its influential factors. Method A total of 1 484 rural left-behind children and non left-behind children were randomly selected and measured by Children and Adolesconts Quality of Life Sale (CQOL) and self-designed questionnaire. Results Left-behind children's living quality was generally on a middle-low level with a proportion of 84.9%;the life quality of rural left-behind children was lower than those of non left-behind children(P＜0.05);statistical significant differences were found in the variables of gender,boarding,school record and family income among the left-behind children(P＜0.05). Conclusions The living quality of left-behind children in rural areas is generally low.To strengthen the psychological health education of left-behind children is a long-standing work.

Study on the curative effect of comprehensive psychological treatment on children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

YANG Mei-rong,WU Wen-xue,ZHU Xiao-tong,LI Li-na.

2014, 22(12):  1311-1313.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2014-22-12-25

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Objective To explore the effect of comprehensive psychological treatment consists of sand play therapy,sensory integrative training and parents training on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children. Methods Information were collected from three hospitals in Tangshan,then 69 DSM-Ⅳ ADHD children were selected and divided into two groups randomly,experimental group had 34 children,and control group had 35 children.Experimental group were given 20 weeks sand play therapy once a week,60 times (three procedures) sensory integration training three times a week; their parents were given total 8 times training,once every two weeks.Control group were still in normal life without any intervention.Their parents were measured by Parent Symptom Questionnaire (PSQ) and Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF) before and after the treatment. Result After comprehensive psychotherapy,the each factor of the PSQ scale of experimental group were lower than their scale before the treatment in addition to the psychosomatic problems (P<0.05),their parents' each factor of PSI-SF were lower than before(P<0.05),while the control group had no significant differences in the two scales (P>0.05). Conclusion Comprehensive psychological treatment consists of sand play therapy,sensory integrative training and parents training can effectively improve a variety of symptoms of ADHD children,relieve their parents' parenting stress effectively.

Investigation and analysis of behavioral problems of school-age children in Nanning Qingxiu area.

LIANG You-fang,ZHU -Dan,FENG Tian-da,WEI Hong-kuang,HE Hao-yu.

2014, 22(12):  1314-1316.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2014-22-12-26

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Objective To investigate influencing factors of behavior problems among school-age children in Nanning Qingxiu area and to provide reference for the healthy development of children. Method By using cluster sampling method,3 061 pupils' parents were collected to complete Conner's Parent Symptom Questionnaire. Results The prevalence rate of behavior problems in children was 10.49%,boys scored higher than girls in conduct problems,learning problems,impulse-hyperactivity and hyperactivity index (P all ＜0.01);Younger aged group and middle aged group had higher scores in impulse-hyperactivity and hyperactivity index than older aged group (P all＜0.05); The children whose parents had low education level had higher scores on conduct problems,learning problems,impulse-hyperactivity and hyperactivity index (P all＜0.05).The relationships between the parents,learning achievement etc.were the influential factors. Conclusion The behavioral problems incidence rate of Qingxiu district is slightly higher than that of the national level,which results from many factors,and the influence of the family environment is large.

The age features of intelligence development of the schoolage with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

ZHOU Xiang,CHEN Qiang,ZHUANG Zhicheng,CHEN Hong,ZENG Caixia

2014, 22(12):  1317-1319.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2014-22-12-27

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Objective To explore the natural characteristics of intelligence of the schoolage children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods 306 cases of untreated children with ADHD were divided into three groups (6~7 years old group;8~9 years old group;10~11 years old group) according to different ages.Children were in the ages from 6 to 11 years old,averaged (8.36±1.45) years old,256 males,50 females.Chinese Wechsler Intelligence Scale for children (CWISC) was used to test their intelligence and ANOVA analysis was used to analyse the intelligence results.Results Each result of the knowledge,vocabulary,comprehension,building blocks,puzzles,decoding between the three groups of children was statistically significant (P<0.05)，and in addition to decoding,each results of the high age group was all better than that of the low age group.The speech comprehension factor scales of the 8~9 years old group and the 10~11 years old group were all significantly better than that of the 6~7 years old group ;the perceptual organization factor scales that of the 10~11 years old age group was significantly better than that of the 6~7 age old group; the above differences were all statistically significant (P<0.05).The results of the other subtests,verbal scale,operating scale,the scale and the memory/attention factor between the three groups of children had no significant differences (P>0.05).Conclusions The intelligence development of untreated schoolage children with ADHD are abnormal,with the increase of age,in addition to the memory/attention factors other development abnormalities factors have gradually easing trend.

Early action and gesture development of infant in urban of Shenyang.

YANG Ying,ZHAO Ya-ru,PAN Hong-di.

2014, 22(12):  1320-1322.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2014-22-12-28

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Objective To investigate the developmental characteristics of children aged 8~16 months of action and gesture,and to explore the early development of Chinese gesture in infants. Methods Using Chinese Communicative Development Inventory (CCDI Putonghua version),parents of 620 children(8~16 months old)were asked to report their children's language abilities. Results The gesture checklist was organized into five section:first communicative gesture,games and routines,actions with objects,pretending to be a parent,and imitating other adult actions.8~16 months of age was the rapid growth of the gesture,gesture capacity increased steadily in all sections with chronological age. Conclusion 8~16 months of age is a period of rapid development of children's gesture more attention should be paid on children's gesture development.

Depression detection rate of left-behind children in China:a Meta analysis.

LIU De-ping,HU Ying,ZHOU Cui-e.

2014, 22(12):  1323-1325.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2014-22-12-29

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Objective To evaluate the depression detection rate of left-behind children in China. Method CNKI,Wanfang Data,VIP information,PubMed,Science Direct and Web of Science were searched to collect articles published concerning the depression detection rate among left-behind children in China.Meta analysis was performed after extracting data of included literatures. Results 11 literatures were included.The overall depression detection rate was 30.9% (95%CI:21.6%~40.2%),male and female detection rates were 28.9% and 27.6%.The combined detection rates for literatures with large sample size(≥585) and literatures with small sample size(<585) were 29.4% and 32.2%;The combined detection rates for Center for Epidemiologic Studies Dression Scale for Children (CES-DC),Depression Self-rating Scale for Children (DSRSC) and Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) were 46.2%,37.4% and 15.5%;The combined detection rates for low quality literatures and high quality literatures were 34.3% and 28%;The combined detection rates for literatures with non random sampling method was 33.5%,and 30% for literatures with random sampling method. Conclusion The depression detection rate of Chinese left-behind children is higher than both domestic and foreign non left-behind children.Different scales have a significant impact on the detection rate.

Study on effect and adverse reaction of using clonidine sustained release tablets in the treatment of tourette syndrome.

HU Min,YAN Gang.

2014, 22(12):  1326-1327.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2014-22-12-30

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Objective To explore the effect and adverse reaction of using clonidine sustained release tablets in the treatment of tourette syndrome (TS). Methods Total 110 cases of children with TS were randomly selected into treatment group and control group,55 cases in each group.Treatment group took only clonidine sustained release tablets.Control Group took haloperidol add the same dose of artane.The efficacy and adverse reactions of the two groups of children were compared and analyzed within 12 weeks. Results There was no significant difference between the treatment group and the control group in clinical curative (χ²=0.267P>0.05),but the safety of the former group was significantly higher than the latter. Conclusion Clonidine sustained release tablets can effectively improve the movement of children with tourette syndrome,vocal tics and combined injury.Its adverse reactions are obviously less and milder compared with haloperidol add the same dose of artane.

Study on oral health literacy and dental care behavior of children in Jilin province.

ZHANG Hai-lian,QIAN Xiao-bo,HUO Yan,JIN Jin-zhen,LI Xian-wen,LI Chun-yu.

2014, 22(12):  1328-1330.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2014-22-12-31

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Objective To understand the state of oral health literacy and dental care behavior among children in Jilin province. Method A cluster sample of 9 391 children from eight primary schools in Jilin province were selected to completed the self-completed questionnaire. Results Investigated on health literacy of oral health,the correct answer rate of knowledge of oral health on using fluoride toothpaste,time of change the toothbrush,and brush teeth before sleep were 46.7%,70.3% and 85.5% respectively;The correct answer rate of skill of oral health on brush the tooth gaps and surface,and time of brush teeth were 68.5%,64.7% and 75.2% respectively;The rate of dental care behavior on brush teeth every morning and night,never eat before sleep,and gargle after meal were 77.5%,93.7% and 84.6% respectively. Conclusions The state of oral health literacy is low,and the behavior of oral health also needs to improve.It's necessary to cooperation with school,community and parents to enhance the children's oral health literacy and dental care behavior,so as to improve children's oral health.

Effects of early comprehensive intervention on early developmental quotient of premature infants.

TANG Shu-bin,DU Ya-mei,HU Chun-wei,LI Hui-ling,ZHANG Zhuan-hui,ZHAO Hai-xia,HAN Yan,LIU Yin.

2014, 22(12):  1331-1333.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2014-22-12-32

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Objective To understand the effects of early comprehensive intervention on early developmental quotient of premature infants and provide clinical basis for early comprehensive intervention on premature infants. Methods Participants falled into two groups.Treatment group included parents participating actively in early intervention,and control group included parents who didn't participate for various reasons.By regular follow-up and early intervention,《0~6 year-old Children's Neuropsychological Development Scale》 compiled by the capital institute of pediatrics was used to test development quotient of 6 months premature infants. Results Abnormal proportion of 20 items of neuromotor assessment ≥3 was corrected,intervention group was 8.6%,control group was 30%,and there was a statistical difference between the two groups (χ²=5.35,P<0.05);Project of one or more abnormal proportion was 20% in intervention group and 50% in control group,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ²=7.29,P<0.05);When correcting 6 months,assessment,results showed that except for gross movement,intervention group infants' DQ values were higher than no intervention group in the rest four zones,with a statistical significance of the difference (fine movement t=4.81,adaptive capacity t=3.42,language t=5.33,social behavior t=3.45,all P<0.01). Conclusion Effective early comprehensive intervention can improve neuro motor development of premature,and it has positive effect on premature infants' early developmental quotient.

Study of comprehensive intervention on nervous development of high-risk neonate with brain damage.

ZHANG Heng,JIANG Xin-ye,WEI Ya-rong.

2014, 22(12):  1334-1336.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2014-22-12-33

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Objective To investigate the effect of comprehensive intervention on nervous development and timeliness of intervention for high risk infant with brain damage. Methods High risk infant with brain damage were divided into intervention and non-intervention groups according to compliance principle.The intervention groups were divided into intervention group of neonatal period(group A),intervention group of infancy period(group B) and intervention group of early childhood(group C) according to the different intervention time,while normal infants born in the same period selected as the control group(group E).The differences of movement,intelligence and neurodevelopment outcomes were analyzed. Results Except the NBNA score of group A was less than that of group E in the first week,there were similar with the levels of movement,intelligence and neurodevelopment outcomes between group A and group E.Evaluations of motor development,ratios of low intelligence and cerebral palsy were indicated that the effect of intervention group was better than non-intervention group(group D),the results of group A and group B were also better than those in group C(P<0.05). Conclusion Brain damage can lead to damage of movement,intelligent and neurodevelopment of infant to a certain extent.Comprehensive intervention have the improving results and the earlier is better.

Research on relationship between family geographic environment and the death of children of different gender under 5 years old.

YANG Pei-dong,HAN Sheng-hong,ZHU Yi-lian,DAN Yan-ping,YE Zhang-yu,LIU Fang,SUN Jian,JI Hong-xian,HAN Juan,ZHU Chun-sheng.

2014, 22(12):  1337-1339.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2014-22-12-34

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Objective To study the relationship between family geography and deaths of children under five years old. Methods Based on the death data of reported information in 2011-2013 in Shiyan,it was retrospectively analyzed to understand whether the family residence geographical environment associated with child mortality with the proposed questionnaire. Results In different gender deaths of children under five years of age,there was no statistically significant difference (P=0.267) on the family residence constitutes.There were significant differences on the residence geography constitutes (P<0.05),a significant difference on the traffic conditions constitute (P<0.05),and there were no significant difference (P>0.05) on the constitute of surrounding environment residence. Conclusion There is a close relationship between different gender deaths of children under 5 years old and the family geographical conditions and traffic conditions,the death proportion of boys was higher than girls in the mountains and hills.

Research on sexual education about single-parent family adolescents in Jilin city.

LI Yan-ming.

2014, 22(12):  1340-1342.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2014-22-12-35

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Objective To understand the status of sexual education about single-parent family adolescents in Jilin city. Method A survey of 300 single-parents family adolescents and 300 double-parents family adolescents was conducted in six schools of Jilin city. Results Most of subjects had a few understand about sexual knowledge of puberty,but quite a few subjects had a little knowledge about human physiology,particularly in single-parent family adolescents.Compared with two-parent family teenagers,single-parent family adolescents received few knowledge from their parents.the single-parent's adolescents were easier to accept puppy love,sex education and sexual behavior before married than the two-parent families.The difference between them was statistically significant(P<0.01). Conclusion It is very important to understand current sexual knowledge,attitudes and behavior among adolescents so that we can design effective intervention program.Adolescent sexual education should be get attention of the whole society,especially single-parent adolescents.