Abstract: Objective To explore the developmental status of pupils' social expectation so as to improve pupils' development in family and school. Method An investigation was executed on 784 pupils coming from several Dezhou city primary school using Cradall & Katkovsky' s CSD. Results The results revealed that 1) the overall level of urban pupils' social expectation was above average;2) The social expectation gradually declined along with grade,in which the grade three and grade five composed two sharply declining stage;3)The social expectation of primary school girls was higher than that of boys,and showed distinct developmental mode:the girls' social expectation declined linearly while the boys' social expectation declined in a ladder way. Conclusions The development of pupils' social expectation shows remarkable characteristics in grade and gender dimensions.Thus both parents and teachers should adjust their educational methods according to the developmental characteristics of pupils' social expectation.

Key words: pupils, social expectation, development, gender, grade

摘要： 目的 探讨小学儿童社会期望的发展状况,为儿童的家庭和学校教育提供参考依据。方法 采用Cradall和Katkovsky的儿童社会期望量表对随机抽取的784名德州市小学生进行调查研究。结果 1)小学儿童社会期望总体上处于中等偏上的水平(M社会期望>24分);2)小学儿童社会期望的年级差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.001),随着年级升高,社会期望值逐渐降低,其中三年级和五年级是两个急剧下降的阶段;3)小学女生的社会期望值普遍高于男生(P<0.001),并且男生和女生社会期望发展的模式明显不同:女生社会期望的发展呈线性下降的趋势,而男生社会期望的发展呈阶梯状下降的趋势。 结论 小学儿童社会期望的发展存在显著的年级差异和性别差异,家长和老师在对待儿童的教育方式和态度上,应结合小学儿童社会期望的发展特点作出相应的调整。

关键词: 小学生, 社会期望, 发展, 性别, 年级