【Objective】 To examine and compare infant feeding knowledge and behavior of caregivers of preterm/low birth weight(LBW) infants(preterm group) and full term infants(full term group) in two counties in western China. 【Methods】 Interviews were conducted among the caregivers of 522 preterm/LBW infants and 559 full term infants by trained interviewers using questionnaires. Information concerning infant feeding knowledge and behavior was collected. Chi-square and analysis of variance(ANOVA) test were employed to test between-group differences in demographic characteristics, feeding knowledge and behaviors. 【Results】 The proportion of caregivers who knew right duration for exclusive breastfeeding was 56.5% for preterm/LBW group and 57.3% for the full term group, while the proportions who knew the benefits of complementary foods were 34.5% and 33.7% and the proportions who thought the right time to added complementary foods to infant diet were 33.8% and 34.7%. Such differences were not statistically significant. Less preterm/LBW infants than full term infants were exclusively breastfed within six months(26.6% vs 37.5%, χ² =13.18,P<0.01) and continued to be breastfed(7.1% vs 11.8% of full term infants) up to now after complementary foods were added. Similar results existed in the proportions who began to eat complementary foods at six months(31.5% of preterm/LBW infant and 32.6% of full term infants), and those whose initial complementary food was iron-fortified infant cereal(17.4% of preterm/LBW infant and 20.6% of full term infants). No statistically significant differences were observed in those proportions. More preterm/LBW infants were given milk in their weekly menu (54.4% vs 44.8% of full term infants,χ² =9.36,P<0.01). No significant differences were observed in the proportions who took egg/meat(66.8% vs 69.0%), vegetables/fruits(41.3% vs 40.7%) each week, and who took iron-containing supplements after birth(18.7% vs 19.6%), for preterm/LBW group and full term group, respectively. 【Conclusions】 The caregivers of both preterm/LBW group and full term group lack infant feeding knowledge. The ineffective infant feeding behaviors were common among either preterm/LBW group or full term group. It is necessary to take effective and feasible measures to strength health education and to improve caregivers' infant nutrition and feeding knowledge, especially among preterm/LBW infants.