Abstract: 【Objective】 To find out the relationship between family, age and gender and psychological and behavioral development in 3~4 years old teenage. 【Methods】 152 children from Shiqi Area of Zhongshan city took part in the study. Parents filled in the Moss's Family Environment Scale and children mental health questionnaire(age 3~6). Spearman analysis and Mann-Whitney analysis were used to analyze the data. 【Results】 There was no significant difference between boys and girls except motion ability. The motion and cognition ability related with age positively, so as to the relationship of family achievement and social ability, and family intellectual-cultrual orientation and cognition ability. 【Conclusions】 The motion and cognition bility still develop fast as 3~4 years old toddler grow up. The motion ability development is different from boys and girls. The family intellectual-cultrual orientation better, the cognition ability better, so as to family achievement and social ability.

Key words: psychology, family, development, toddler

摘要： 【目的】 探讨家庭环境、年龄、性别对3~4岁儿童心理行为发展的影响,为儿童保健、早期教育的干预指导提供更丰富参考资料。 【方法】 调查中山市石岐区36~48月龄儿童152人,应用《3~6岁幼儿心理健康测量问卷》和《家庭环境量表中文版》(FES-CV)对家长进行问卷调查。对幼儿心理行为发展的动作、认知能力、情感与意志、社会性、语言、社会习惯与家庭环境的亲密度、情感表达、矛盾性、独立性、成功性、文化性、娱乐性、道德宗教观、组织性和控制性进行Spearman相关检验分析。以男女儿童心理行为发展采用Mann-Whitney检验。 【结果】 男女幼儿动作能力发展差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),认知能力、情感与意志、社会性、语言、社会习惯能差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。幼儿动作和认知能力与年龄呈正相关关系。家庭知识性与认知能力发展、成功性与社会性发展呈正相关关系。 【结论】 3~4岁儿童动作、认知能力仍在快速发展,男女幼儿动作能力发展已不同,知识性高的家庭有利于儿童认知能力的提高,成功性高的家庭有利于儿童社会性的发展。

关键词: 心理, 家庭, 发展, 幼儿