贵阳市学龄前儿童心理行为发育预警征筛查现状及影响因素分析

doi:10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-0973

中国儿童保健杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (4): 383-389.DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-0973

贵阳市学龄前儿童心理行为发育预警征筛查现状及影响因素分析

覃会玲¹, 骆艳^1,2, 朱焱¹, 沈成威², 张加才¹, 周鑫¹, 金骊芳³, 张凡³

1.贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院,环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵州贵阳 561113;
2.贵阳市妇幼保健院儿童保健科;
3.贵州医科大学医学人文学院

收稿日期:2024-08-15 修回日期:2024-11-29 发布日期:2025-04-10 出版日期:2025-04-10
通讯作者: 骆艳, E-mail:luoyan@gmc.edu.cn
作者简介:覃会玲(1997—),女,硕士研究生在读,主要研究方向为儿童保健。
基金资助:
贵州省卫生健康委科学技术基金项目(gzwkj2022-199);贵州省第八批高层次创新型人才项目(筑科合同-GCC-〔2024〕024)

Current situationand influencing factors of screening for early warning signs of mental and behavioral development in preschool children in Guiyang City

QIN Huiling¹, LUO Yan^1,2, ZHU Yan¹, SHEN Chengwei², ZHANG Jiacai¹, ZHOU Xin¹, JIN Lifang³, ZHANG Fan³

1. School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 561113, China;
2. Child Health Care Department, Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital;
3. College of Medical Humanities, Guizhou Medical University

Received:2024-08-15 Revised:2024-11-29 Online:2025-04-10 Published:2025-04-10
Contact: LUO Yan, E-mail:luoyan@gmc.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解贵阳市学龄前儿童心理行为发育预警征筛查现状及其影响因素,为促进儿童健康发展,为制定防控措施提供依据。方法于2024年5—7月采用分层整群随机抽样方法对贵阳市3个区县11家社区卫生服务中心/卫生院1 668名3~6岁儿童及主要照顾人进行调查,主要照顾人填写一般情况、中文版亲子互动问卷、父母养育和家庭适应量表、3~6岁幼儿家庭养育环境量表,采用儿童心理行为发育问题预警征象对儿童进行筛查,χ²检验和Wilcoxon秩和检验进行差异性比较,多因素分析采用Logistic回归分析法。结果贵阳市3~6岁儿童预警征阳性检出率5.6%,精细动作发育问题较突出,在3、4、5、6岁年龄段中占比分别为6.2%、3.5%、2.5%、1.7%。年龄(χ²=13.675)、母亲文化程度(χ²=6.743)、父母养育技能(Z=2.266)、鼓励性养育(Z=2.171)、父母适应(Z=2.690)、忽视/惩罚/干涉(Z=-2.322)与儿童预警征阳性检出率有关(P<0.05)。多因素分析显示,3岁(OR=3.441)、4岁(OR=2.362)、母亲高中及大专文化(OR=3.113)、母亲初中及以下文化(OR=2.623)、早产(OR=2.241)与儿童预警征阳性呈正相关(P<0.05),高、中水平养育技能(OR=0.515、0.537)与儿童预警征阳性呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论贵阳市学龄前儿童心理行为发育问题仍需关注,儿保医生需结合各年龄阶段特点对照护人进行针对性健康教育和养育技能的提升,以改善家庭养育环境,促进儿童健康发展。

关键词: 学龄前儿童, 心理行为发育, 预警征, 发育筛查

Abstract: Objective To investigate the current status of early warning signs screening for psychobehavioral development among preschool children in Guiyang and its influencing factors, in order to provide a basis for promoting healthy child development and formulating preventive and control measures. Methods From May to July 2024, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to investigate 1 668 children aged 3 to 6 years and their primary caregivers in 11 community health service centers/township hospitals in three districts and counties of Guiyang. The primary caregivers completed questionnaires on general information, the Chinese version of the Parent-Child Interaction Questionnaire, the Parenting and Family Adaptation Scale, and the Home Nurture Environment Scale for Children aged 3 - 6. Children were screened for psychobehavioral development problems using early warning signs. The χ² test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test were used for comparison of differences, and multivariate analysis was conducted using logistic regression analysis. Results The positive detection rate of early warning signs among children aged 3 to 6 years was 5.6%, with fine motor development issues being prominent, accounting for 6.2%, 3.5%, 2.5%, and 1.7% at 3、4、5、6 age groups, respectively. Age (χ²=13.675), maternal education level (χ²=6.743), parenting skills (Z=2.266), encouraging parenting (Z=2.171), parental adaptation (Z=2.690), neglect/punishment/interference (Z=-2.322) were associated with the positive detection rate of early warning signs in children (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that being 3 years old (OR=3.441) and 4 years old (OR=2.362), maternal education(high school or college OR=3.113, junior high school education or below OR=2.623), and premature (OR=2.241) were positively correlated with positive early warning signs in children (P<0.05). High and medium levels of parenting skills (OR=0.515, 0.537) were negatively correlated with positive early warning signs in children (P<0.05). Conclusions The issue of psychobehavioral development among preschool children in Guiyang still requires attention. Child health professionals should provide targeted health education to caregivers based on the characteristics of each age group and enhance their parenting skills, thereby improving the family rearing environment and promoting healthy child development.

Key words: preschooler, psychological and behavioral development, early warning signs, developmental screening

中图分类号:

R179

覃会玲, 骆艳, 朱焱, 沈成威, 张加才, 周鑫, 金骊芳, 张凡. 贵阳市学龄前儿童心理行为发育预警征筛查现状及影响因素分析[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2025, 33(4): 383-389.

QIN Huiling, LUO Yan, ZHU Yan, SHEN Chengwei, ZHANG Jiacai, ZHOU Xin, JIN Lifang, ZHANG Fan. Current situationand influencing factors of screening for early warning signs of mental and behavioral development in preschool children in Guiyang City[J]. Chinese Journal of Child Health Care, 2025, 33(4): 383-389.

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贵阳市学龄前儿童心理行为发育预警征筛查现状及影响因素分析

Current situationand influencing factors of screening for early warning signs of mental and behavioral development in preschool children in Guiyang City

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