目的 探讨母亲反思功能、回应性照护水平及幼儿社会情绪能力间的关系,为促进幼儿社会情绪发展提供一定的理论依据。方法 2023年12月—2024年1月,采用便利抽样法,选取潍坊市4所市级托育机构479名12~36月龄幼儿的母亲为研究对象,采用自行编制的社会人口学问卷、父母反思功能量表(PRFQ)、回应性照护评价量表及中国城市幼儿社会情绪能力评估量表进行调查。分析母亲反思功能与回应性照护对幼儿社会情绪的影响,使用Amos 28.0软件构建结构方程模型,验证回应性照护的中介作用。结果 1)幼儿性别(t=-3.783)、月龄(t=-4.585)、是否为独生子女(t=2.324)及家庭平均月收入(F=3.643)对幼儿社会情绪能力的影响具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。2)Pearson相关分析显示,母亲反思功能得分与回应性照护及幼儿社会情绪能力两两之间呈显著正相关(r=0.326~0.503, P＜0.01)。3)中介分析显示,母亲反思功能显著预测幼儿社会情绪能力(β=0.590, P＜0.001),回应性照护在母亲反思功能与幼儿社会情绪能力中起部分中介作用,中介效应为0.157,占总效应的21.02%,模型拟合指数为χ2/df =2.908,RMSEA=0.063,NFI=0.926,IFI=0.950,TLI=0.934,CFI=0.950,GFI=0.953,AGFI=0.926。结论 母亲反思功能和回应性照护对幼儿社会情绪能力有显著影响,且回应性照护在母亲反思功能与幼儿社会情绪能力中起部分中介作用。
Abstract
Objective To explore the relationship among maternal reflective functioning, responsive caregiving, and toddlers' social-emotional competence, so as to provide a theoretical basis for promoting toddlers' social-emotional development. Methods From December 2023 to January 2024, 479 mothers of 12- to 36-month-old toddlers from four municipal childcare institutions in Weifang City were selected by convenience sampling method. A self-designed socio-demographic questionnaire, Parental Reflective Functioning Scale (PRFQ), Responsive Caregiving Rating Scale, and the Chinese version of Urban Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Competence Assessment Scale were used in this survey. The effects of maternal reflective functioning and responsive caregiving on young children's social-emotional competence were analyzed, and Amos 28.0 software was used to construct a structural equation model to verify the mediating role of responsive caregiving. Results 1) The influence of children's gender (t=-3.783), age in months (t=-4.585), being an only child (t=2.324), and family's average monthly income (F=3.643) on young children's social-emotional competence was statistically significant (P<0.05). 2) Pearson correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation among maternal reflective functioning scores, responsive caregiving, and young children's social-emotional competence (r=0.326 - 0.503, P<0.01). 3) Mediation analysis revealed that maternal reflective functioning significantly predicted young children's social-emotional competence (β=0.590, P<0.001), and responsive caregiving partially mediated the relationship between maternal reflective functioning and young children's social-emotional competence, with a mediating effect of 0.157, accounting for 21.02% of the total effect. The model fit well (χ2/df=2.908, RMSEA=0.063, NFI=0.926, IFI=0.950, TLI=0.934, CFI=0.950, GFI=0.953, and AGFI=0.926). Conclusion Maternal reflective functioning and responsive caregiving have significant effects on young children's social-emotional competence, and responsive caregiving partially mediates the relationship between maternal reflective functioning and young children's social-emotional competence.
关键词
幼儿 /
回应性照护 /
父母反思功能 /
社会-情绪 /
中介作用
Key words
toddlers /
responsive caregiving /
parental reflective functioning /
social-emotional /
mediating role
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] Denham SA.Social-emotional competence as support for school readiness:What is it and how do we assess it?[J].Early Educ Dev,2006,17(1):57-89.
[2] Domitrovich CE,Durlak JA,Staley KC,et al.Social-emotional competence:An essential factor for promoting positive adjustment and reducing risk in school children[J].Child Dev,2017,88(2):408-416.
[3] Cook CR,Williams KR,Guerra NG,et al.Predictors of bullying and victimization in childhood and adolescence:A meta-analytic investigation[J].Sch Psychol Q,2010,25(2):65-83.
[4] Curby TW,Brown CA,Bassett HH,et al.Associations between preschoolers' social-emotional competence and preliteracy skills[J].Infant Child Dev,2015,24(5):549-570.
[5] Jones DE,Greenberg M,Crowley M.Early social-emotional functioning and public health:The relationship between kindergarten social competence and future wellness[J].Am J Public Health,2015,105(11):2283-2290.
[6] Slade A.Parental reflective functioning: An introduction[J].Attach Hum Dev,2005,7(3):269-281.
[7] Heron-Delaney M,Kenardy JA, Brown EA,et al.Early maternal reflective functioning and infant emotional regulation in a preterm infant sample at 6 months corrected age[J].J Pediatr Psychol,2016,41(8):906-914.
[8] Gordo L,Martínez-Pampliega A,Iriarte Elejalde L,et al.Do parental reflective functioning and parental competence affect the socioemotional adjustment of children?[J].J Child Fam Stud,2020,(29):3621-3631.
[9] Salo SJ,Pajulo M,Vinzce L,et al.Parent relationship satisfaction and reflective functioning as predictors of emotional availability and infant behavior[J].J Child Fam Stud,2021,(30):1214-1228.
[10] Lindblom J,Pajulo M,Nolvi S,et al.Early pathways of maternal mentalization:Associations with child development in the Finn brain birth cohort study[J].Front Psychol,2022,(13):855190.
[11] Madsen EB,Væver MS,Egmose I,et al.Parental reflective functioning in first-time parents and associations with infant socioemotional development[J].J Child Fam Stud,2023(32):1-13.
[12] De Palma M,Rooney R,Izett E,et al.The relationship between parental mental health, reflective functioning coparenting and social emotional development in 0-3 year old children[J].Front Psychol,2023(14):1054723.
[13] Rutherford HJV,Maupin AN,Landi N,et al.Parental reflective functioning and the neural correlates of processing infant affective cues[J].Soc Neurosci,2017,12(5):519-529.
[14] Provenzi L,Scotto di Minico G,Giusti L,et al.Disentangling the dyadic dance: Theoretical, methodological and outcomes systematic review of mother-infant dyadic processes[J].Front Psychol,2018(9):319961.
[15] World Health Organization.Nurturing care for early childhood development:A framework for helping children survive and thrive to transform health and human potential[EB/OL].(2018-05-18)[2024-3-19].https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241514064.
[16] Lucas JE, Richter LM, Daelmans B.Care for child development: An intervention in support of responsive caregiving and early child development[J].Child Care Health Dev,2018,44(1):41-49.
[17] Scherer E,Hagaman A,Chung E,et al.The relationship between responsive caregiving and child outcomes: Evidence from direct observations of mother-child dyads in Pakistan[J].BMC Public Health,2019(19):1-10.
[18] Kowalski AJ,Mayen VA,de Ponce S,et al.The effects of multiple micronutrient fortified beverage and responsive caregiving interventions on early childhood development, hemoglobin, and ferritin among infants in rural Guatemala[J].Nutrients,2023,15(9):2062.
[19] Luyten P,Mayes LC,Nijssens L,et al.The parental reflective functioning questionnaire: Development and preliminary validation[J].PLoS One,2017,12(5):e0176218.
[20] Lee Y,Meins E,Larkin F.Translation and preliminary validation of a Korean version of the parental reflective functioning questionnaire[J].Infant Ment Health J,2021,42(1):47-59.
[21] De Roo M,Wong G,Rempel GR,et al.Advancing optimal development in children: Examining the construct validity of a parent reflective functioning questionnaire[J].JMIR Pediatr Parent,2019,2(1):e11561.
[22] Pazzagli C,Delvecchio E,Raspa V,et al.The parental reflective functioning questionnaire in mothers and fathers of school-aged children[J].J Child Fam Stud,2018(27):80-90.
[23] Moreira H,Fonseca A.Measuring parental reflective functioning: Further validation of the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire in Portuguese mothers of infants and young children[J].Child Psychiatry Hum Dev,2023,54(4):1042-1054.
[24] 陈露,曹慧,祝卓宏,等.中文版家长反思功能量表的信效度检验[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2022,30(2):340-345.
Chen L,Cao H,Zhu ZH,et al.Reliability and validity test of the Chinese version of the Parent Reflective Function Scale[J].Chin J Clin Psychol,2022,30(2):340-345. (in Chinese)
[25] Ye P,Ju J,Zheng K,et al.Psychometric evaluation of the parental reflective functioning questionnaire in Chinese parents[J].Front Psychol,2022(13):745184.
[26] 黄楹,张海峰,童连.婴幼儿回应性照护评价量表的初步编制与评价[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2022,30(4):386-391.
Huang Y,Zhang HF,Tong L.Preliminary preparation and evaluation of infant and young child responsive care evaluation scale[J].Chin J Child Health Care,2022,30(4):386-391. (in Chinese)
[27] 张建端.《12~36月龄婴幼儿情绪社会性评估量表》修订研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2008.
Zhang JD.Revision of Infant and Toddler Social-emotional Assessment and Its Standardization in the Chinese Population[D].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2008.(in Chinese)
[28] Gordo L, Iriarte Elejalde L, Martínez-Pampliega A. Parental perception of child vulnerability in parents of young children[J].J Pediatr Psychol,2022,47(7):850-857.
[29] Alvarez-Monjarás M,McMahon TJ,Suchman NE.Does maternal reflective functioning mediate associations between representations of caregiving with maternal sensitivity in a high-risk sample?[J].Psychoanal Psychol,2019,36(1):82-92.
[30] Farkas C,Vallotton CD,Strasser K,et al.Socioemotional skills between 12 and 30 months of age on Chilean children:When do the competences of adults matter?[J].Infant Behav Dev,2017(49):192-203.
[31] Sroufe LA.Emotional development:The organization of emotional life in the early years[M]. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1997.
[32] Jeong J,Franchett EE,Ramos de Oliveira CV,et al.Parenting interventions to promote early child development in the first three years of life:A global systematic review and meta-analysis[J].PLoS Med,2021,18(5):e1003602.
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目(ACA210010)
PDF(857 KB)
