目的 了解甘肃省临夏回族自治州6~24月龄婴幼儿贫血现状,并通过婴幼儿喂养指数(ICFI)、喂养知识得分综合评价贫血儿童与正常儿童之间的喂养行为差异,以期通过改良当地婴幼儿喂养方式,从而为改善贫血提供策略依据。 方法 以临夏州6~24月龄婴幼儿为研究对象,2019年、2020年连续两年采用多阶段随机抽样方法,从7个县(市)中抽取5乡(镇)、5个村纳入符合要求的儿童,采集外周静脉血进行血红蛋白检查以确定贫血,同步进行体格检查并对监护人进行喂养情况问卷调查,分析该人群贫血现状及与喂养方式间的关联。 结果 本研究共纳入婴幼儿3 901人,其中贫血儿童729人(18.70%),ICFI平均得分为12.56±2.70,喂养知识平均得分为1.97±1.01。调整混杂因素后低喂养知识得分、低ICFI与贫血之间无显著相关性(P＞0.05),ICFI中肉类添加不合格是贫血的危险因素(OR=1.355,P=0.042),过去24h未奶瓶喂养(OR=0.762,P=0.021)、12~24月龄婴幼儿过去24h母乳喂养(OR=0.228,P=0.018)是贫血的保护因素。 结论 甘肃省临夏回族自治州6~24月龄婴幼儿平均贫血患病率较高,婴幼儿喂养水平、抚养人喂养知识水平较低,早期坚持母乳喂养、及时添加辅食、增加幼儿肉类食物有利于预防贫血的发生。
Abstract
Objective To investigate the anemia status of infantsand toddlers aged 6 - 24 months in Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province, and to comprehensively evaluate the differences in feeding behaviors between anaemic and normal children through the infant and child feeding index (ICFI) and feeding knowledge scores, so as to provide reference for the guidance of infants and young children feeding in ethnic minority areas and the promotion of children's growth and development. Methods Taking infants and young children aged 6 - 24 months in Linxia Prefecture as the study subjects, a multi-stage random sampling method was used to select children who met the requirements from 5 townships and 5 villages in 7 counties in 2019 and 2020.Periphral blood samples were collected to test the level of hemoglobin, so as to determine the anemia status.Meanwhile, physical examination was performed and a questionnaire survey of guardians was conducted to analyze the association betweenanaemia and feeding patterns. Results A total of 3 901 infants and children were included in this study, of whom 729 (18.70%) were anaemic, with a mean ICFI score of 12.56±2.70 and a mean feeding knowledge score of 1.97±1.01.There was no statistically significant association of low feeding knowledge score and low ICFI with anaemia after adjusting for confounders (P＞0.05), Unqualified meat addition in ICFI was a risk factor for anaemia (OR=1.355, P=0.042), while non-bottle feeding in the past 24 hours (OR=0.762, P=0.021), and breastfeeding in the past 24 hours of infants and toddlers aged 12 - 24 months (OR=0.228, P=0.018) were protective factor for anemia in infants and toddlers aged 12 - 24 months. Conclusions The average prevalence of anemia in infants and toddlers aged 6 - 24 months in Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province is high, but the level of infant feeding and the level of feeding knowledge of caregivers are low.Early adherence to breastfeeding, timely addition of supplementary food, and more comsumpution of meat for children are conducive to preventing anemia.
关键词
少数民族地区 /
婴幼儿喂养 /
喂养指数 /
贫血
Key words
ethnic minority areas /
infant feeding /
feeding index /
anemic
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