目的 了解浙江省0~3岁婴幼儿入托影响因素及在托婴幼儿托育情况,为政府制定托育相关政策提供科学依据。方法 2020年11月—2021年1月,在浙江省下辖6个区县级妇幼保健机构儿保门诊及辖区托育机构开展问卷调查,收集婴幼儿基本信息、家长养育照护知识、态度和行为、喂养情况和在托情况等信息。共收回有效问卷1 756份。结果 相比从未入托的婴幼儿,入托婴幼儿月龄更大(24月龄及以上占比94.4% vs. 30.1%,χ2=835.27)、多为本地户籍(87.2% vs. 81.5%,χ2=12.25)、父母亲大学/大专及以上文化水平占比更高(母亲:83.6% vs. 74.2%,χ2=35.29;父亲:79.9% vs. 70.0%,χ2=27.01)、家庭年收入>20万元者占比更高(49.5% vs. 28.2%,χ2=110.49)、祖辈为主要照护者的比例更低(16.7% vs. 26.8%,χ2=31.4),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归显示:月龄越大,婴幼儿入托可能性越高(6~23月龄组:OR=6.70;24~35月龄组:OR=134.03;36~42月龄组:OR=699.33;P<0.05);父母年收入高也是促进婴幼儿入托的因素(10~20万元组:OR=1.63;20~50万元组:OR=2.96;>50万元组:OR=4.62, P<0.05)。反之,祖辈参与越多,婴幼儿入托可能性越低(两代人参与,OR=0.57;祖辈为主,OR=0.26, P<0.05)。对在托婴幼儿调查显示,82.8%的入托婴幼儿选择的是纯托育机构、97.4%接受全日托服务、71.4%托育费用不超过3 000元/月。超过95%的入托婴幼儿家长对托育机构的餐食、服务及儿童的生长发育均表示满意,但有32.1%的入托婴幼儿家长明确表示该机构未设置母乳喂养室。结论 婴幼儿月龄、祖辈参与育儿程度和家庭年收入是影响婴幼儿入托的主要因素。政府应适当增加小月龄儿托位,加快优质、普惠托育服务发展,同时强化托育机构服务质量监管、评估和提升工作。
Abstract
Objective To understand factors associated with children's attendance at nursery care institutions (NCIs) and the basic characteristics of the NCIs children were enrolled in, so as to provide scientific evidence for policymakers. Methods During November 2020 and January 2021, parents who visited the Department of Child Health Care in six selected maternal and children's hospitals, as well as nearby NCIs in Zhejiang were invited to finish an online questionnaire. Information such as children's sociodemographic characteristics, parents' knowledge, attitude and practice regarding nursery and feeding, etc. were collected. A total of 1 756 questionnaires were collected. Results Compared to children who were not in NCIs, children enrolled in NCIs were older (94.4% of children ≥24 months vs. 30.1%, χ2=835.27), more likely to be from the local area (87.2% vs. 81.4%, χ2=12.25), more likely to have parents with a college degree (mother:83.6% vs. 74.2%, χ2=35.29; father:79.9% vs. 70.0%, χ2=27.01), had a higher prevalence of family annual income >200 000 CNY (49.5% vs. 28.2%, χ2=110.49), and were less likely to have their grandparents available to take care of them (16.7% vs. 26.8%, χ2=31.4)The difference all have great significant.(P<0.05). In a multivariate Logistic regression model, the older the child, the more likely they were to attend an NCI (for children aged 6 - 23 months, OR=6.70; for children aged 24 - 35 months, OR=134.03; and for children aged 36 - 42 months, OR=699.33; P<0.05). Family annual income was positively associated with children's attendance at NCIs (for those earning 100 000 - 200 000 CNY/year, OR=1.63; for those earning 200 000 - 500 000 CNY/year, OR=2.96; and for those earning >500 000 CNY/year, OR=4.62, P<0.05). Conversely, the higher the level of grandparent involvement in daily care, the lower the attendance at NCIs (for children cared for by both parents and grandparents, OR=0.57; for those primarily cared for by grandparents, OR=0.26, P<0.05). For children who used to stay at NCIs, 82.8% stayed at institutions that only recruited children aged 0 - 3 years, 97.4% spent their whole day in NCIs, and 71.4% spent less than 3 000 CNY per month for NCI services. Additionally, over 95% of parents were satisfied with the food and care services in NCIs, as well as their children's physical development in NCIs. However, 32.1% of NCIs were reported by parents as having no room for breastfeeding. Conclusions Children's age, grandparent involvement in routine care, and family annual income are the main factors associated with children's attendance at NCIs. There is a greater need for more affordable and community-based NCIs, particularly for children under 2 years old. Additionally, more attention should be paid to the quality surveillance, assessment and management of NCIs.
关键词
婴幼儿 /
托育机构 /
托育服务
Key words
children under 3 years' old /
nursery care institution /
nursery care
中图分类号：
C924.21
D632.1
R174
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基金
中国疾病预防与控制中心营养标准体系建设项目(2022);浙江大学基本科研业务费专项资金(226-2022-00066)
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