【目的】 探讨上海市学龄前儿童反应性攻击和主动性攻击行为的发生情况,及其与家庭环境的关系。 【方法】 采用攻击行为-教师核查表(Teacher's Checklist)、家庭环境量表中文版(FES-CV)和一般情况问卷针对上海市10所幼儿园1 234名学龄前儿童进行调查。 【结果】 学龄前儿童反应性攻击均分为2.12±0.92,主动性攻击均分为1.39±0.68,前者显著高于后者,反应性攻击和主动性攻击之间的相关系数为0.683(P<0.01)。多元线性回归分析显示,男童、父亲文化程度低、母亲年龄小、家庭矛盾性高和成功性高是儿童反应性攻击行为的主要危险因素;男童、父亲文化程度低、母亲年龄小、家庭矛盾性高和看电视时间长是儿童主动性攻击行为的主要危险因素。 【结论】 学龄前儿童的反应性攻击性行为明显多于主动性攻击行为,二者具有显著相关性。男童两种类型的攻击行为均显著多于女童。家庭环境因素与学龄前儿童的攻击性行为密切相关,应根据儿童的攻击行为类型和相应的危险因素进行预防和干预。
Abstract
【Objective】 To describe the status of reactive aggression and proactive aggression among preschool children, and explore the relationship between children's aggressive behavior and family environment. 【Method】 In this investigation, 1 234 preschool children in ten kindergartens were rated by their teachers and parents using Aggressive Behavior - Teacher's Checklist, Family Environment Scale-Chinese Version (FES-CV) and a general questionnaire. 【Results】 Mean score of reactive aggression and proactive aggression among preschool children was 2.12±0.92 and 1.39±0.68 respectively, with the former was higher than the latter markedly. Reactive aggression was found correlated with proactive aggression significantly (r= 0.683,P<0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that boys, lower education level of father, younger mother, and conflict and achievement orientation of family were risk factors of reactive aggression in preschool children, while boys, lower education level of father, younger mother, conflict of family, and children's long time of watching TV were risk factors of proactive aggression in preschool children. Preschool children had more reactive aggressive behavior than proactive aggressive behavior, with the two types of aggression correlated with each other. Boys showed more aggressive behaviors than girls, in both reactive and proactive aggression. 【Conclusions】 Family environment is closely related to preschool children's aggressive behavior. Therefore, prevention and intervention measures should focus on the type of aggression and its corresponding risk factors.
关键词
学龄前儿童 /
反应性攻击 /
主动攻击性 /
家庭环境
Key words
preschool children /
reactive aggression /
proactive aggression /
family environment
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基金
复旦大学研究生院创新基金项目(EYF201030);复旦大学护理科研项目(FNF201015)
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