目的 编制学龄前儿童视觉认知能力评估量表,并评价其信效度,为临床开展学龄前儿童的视觉认知能力评估提供参考。方法 1)2021年11月—2022年2月,依照理论,构建维度框架并编写量表条目池。2)2022年3—6月,通过组内讨论及Delphi专家咨询法初筛条目;2022年8月,通过小样本(n=50)预调查修订条目表述;3)2022年9—12月,通过分层整群随机抽样法对南京市4个主城区8所幼儿园的4~7岁儿童家长进行调查,分两次进行:对第一次调查的有效样本(n=344)进行项目分析及重测信度检验,对第二次调查的有效样本(n=695)进行信度检验及验证性因子分析,最终完成量表的编制及评价。结果 1)该量表包含视觉记忆、分辨视觉、空间视觉和视觉统合4个维度19个条目。所有条目均通过项目分析检验;2)各维度Cronbach's α系数在0.604~0.886之间,量表整体Cronbach's α系数为0.917;前后两次调查中,每个条目的得分结果均有相关性,平均重测信度系数为0.601;3)量表水平的内容效度指数(S-CVI)为0.91,条目水平内容效度指数(I-CVI)为 0.8～1.0 。选择逻辑分析法量表结构为预设模型经过多轮模型修正后,验证性因子分析各指标均通过。结论 学龄前儿童视觉认知能力评估量表的信度、效度较好,达到量表编制要求,可为临床筛查早期的视觉认知问题提供实用工具。

Objective To develop the Visual Cognitive Ability Assessment Scale for Preschool Children and to evaluate its reliability and validity, in order to provide reference for clinical evaluation of visual cognitive ability of preschool children. Methods 1) From November 2021 to February 2022, construct the dimension framework was constructed and the pool of scale items was compiled according to the theory. 2) In March to June 2022, items were screened preliminarily through group discussion and Delphi method. In August 2022, the entries was revised by a pre-survey in a small sample (n=50). 3) Parents of children aged 4 - 7 from 8 kindergartens in 4 main urban areas of Nanjing were investigated by stratified cluster random sampling method in September to December 2022. The valid sample of the first survey (n=344) was analyzed to conduct item analysis and re-test reliability analysis, the valid sample of the second survey (n=695) was tested for reliability and confirmatory factor analysis, then the scale was finally compiled and evaluated. Results 1) The scale contained 19 items in 4 dimensions:visual memory, discerning vision, spatial vision and visual integration. All items passed the project analysis test. 2) The Cronbach's α coefficient of each dimension ranged from 0.604 to 0.886, and the Cronbach's α coefficient of the whole scale was 0.917. During the two surveys, the scores of each item were correlated, and the average retest reliability coefficient was 0.601 (P< 0.05). 3) Content validity index (S-CVI) at scale level was 0.91, and item level content validity index (I-CVI) ranged from 0.8 to 1.0. After several rounds of model modification, the confirmatory factor model fit well. Conclusion The reliability and validity of the Visual Cognitive Ability Assessment Scale for Preschool Children are acceptable and meet the requirements of the scale, which provides a practical tool for clinical screening of visual and cognitive disorders.