【Objective】 To explore the clinical characteristics and riskfactors of autism, in order to provide scientific basis for autism early detection and diagnosis. 【Methods】 One hundred and ninety two cases of autism children between 2004 November and 2010 August had been collected in this article. All these 192 cases were studied about chief complaint, clinical manifestation, personal history and family conditions(pregnancy, family, parents educational background, parents disposition, household education)and assistant examinations (CT/MRI,EEG,BAEP). 【Results】 Among 192 cases, 21 one cases(10.9%) were less than two years old. The language development disability was the mainly chief compliant, especially had no language(62%).During gestation period and childbirth time, 85(44.3%) had adverse factors. 52 cases(27%) had abnormal family history. Among the assistant examinations, an especially highabnormality was found in EEG. 【Conclusions】 Parents often pay highly attention to language development disability, in order to improve the early detection of childhood autism, it suggests that social development should be included in routine health check-up and should be taken seriously. There is relationship between the abnormality of pregnancy, birth, family, father's introverted personality and the pathogenesis of autism.