Abstract: 【Objective】 To understand the characteristics of the preschool children's temperament distribution in Wuhan Qiaokou and provide scientific basis for the basic-level Maternity and Child Care to guide the family support and the emotional intervention. 【Method】 2 790 children aged from 3 to 7 were extracted from 12 nurseries of different types, using the New York Longitudinal Study (NYLS) standardized Chinese version of the Parent Temperament Questionnaire of the children aged from 3 to 7 to survey. 【Results】 The distribution of the temperament type of the children aged from 3 to 7 in Qiaokou was consistent with the domestic and international reports, the difficult-to-raise type was 11.3%, the start-slow type was 6.2%, the easy-to-raise type was 31.9%, the a little difficult-to-raise type was 6.9%, and the comparatively easily to raise type was 43.7%.There were significant differences in the distribution of different ages. In the activity level, adaptability, persistence, rhythm, intensity of reaction, the reaction threshold, the score of the boys and girls were significantly different. With the age getting older, the boys went down and tended stable in the activity level, persistence, rhythm, avoidance, attention, and the reaction threshold. The girls went down and tended stable in the activity level, avoidance, and the attention. Compared with the 1998 national normal and 2002 Wuhan's sample, the proportion of difficult-to-support type was significantly higher in our investigation. 【Conclusion】 According to the children temperament, to adopt different strategy to raise and educate, and make the appropriate emotional control measures will promote the development of children's mental healthy.

Key words: temperament, preschool children, intervention

摘要： 【目的】 了解武汉市硚口区学龄前儿童气质类型分布特点,为基层妇幼保健机构指导家庭抚养和情绪干预提供科学依据。 【方法】 采用整群随机抽样方法,抽取武汉市硚口区不同类型的12所托幼机构2 790名3~7岁儿童,应用美国纽约纵向研究(NYLS)中国标化版的3~7岁儿童气质量表家长评定问卷进行调查,采用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计分析。 【结果】 武汉市硚口区3~7岁儿童的气质类型分布与国内外报道基本一致,其中难养型占11.3%,启动缓慢型占6.2%,易养型占31.9%,中间偏难养型占6.9%,中间偏易养型占43.7%。不同年龄调查儿童的气质类型分布有统计学差异;随年龄增长,男童活动水平、节律性、趋避性、坚持性、注意力分散度和反应阈降低并趋于稳定,女童活动水平、趋避性和注意力分散度降低并趋于稳定。与1998年全国常模和2002年武汉样本相比,本调查难养型儿童比例明显高于后两者。 【结论】 根据儿童的气质特征采取不同的抚养教育策略,进行相应的情绪调控措施,促进儿童心理健康发展。

关键词: 气质, 学龄前儿童, 干预