【Objective】 To understand the characteristics of the preschool children's temperament distribution in Wuhan Qiaokou and provide scientific basis for the basic-level Maternity and Child Care to guide the family support and the emotional intervention. 【Method】 2 790 children aged from 3 to 7 were extracted from 12 nurseries of different types, using the New York Longitudinal Study (NYLS) standardized Chinese version of the Parent Temperament Questionnaire of the children aged from 3 to 7 to survey. 【Results】 The distribution of the temperament type of the children aged from 3 to 7 in Qiaokou was consistent with the domestic and international reports, the difficult-to-raise type was 11.3%, the start-slow type was 6.2%, the easy-to-raise type was 31.9%, the a little difficult-to-raise type was 6.9%, and the comparatively easily to raise type was 43.7%.There were significant differences in the distribution of different ages. In the activity level, adaptability, persistence, rhythm, intensity of reaction, the reaction threshold, the score of the boys and girls were significantly different. With the age getting older, the boys went down and tended stable in the activity level, persistence, rhythm, avoidance, attention, and the reaction threshold. The girls went down and tended stable in the activity level, avoidance, and the attention. Compared with the 1998 national normal and 2002 Wuhan's sample, the proportion of difficult-to-support type was significantly higher in our investigation. 【Conclusion】 According to the children temperament, to adopt different strategy to raise and educate, and make the appropriate emotional control measures will promote the development of children's mental healthy.