Cognitive impairments of children with tic disorder

doi:10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-0674

Abstract

Abstract: Tic disorder (TD) is a chronic neurodevelopmental condition that negatively affects children′s cognition, attracting widespread academic attention. Studies indicate that children with TD commonly experience difficulties with concentration, memory, cognitive organization, task switching, and motor skills. These cognitive traits are closely linked to the severity, type, and duration of TD episodes. Furthermore, family environment and social adjustment of children with TD also play a role in their cognitive functioning. Despite the interaction of neurobiological, genetic, immune, and environmental factors, the exact mechanism remains unclear. This article provides an overview of the research progress regarding the impact of TD on children′s cognitive functions, offering insights for cognitive interventions for children with TD.

Key words: tic disorder, children, cognitive function, impairment

摘要： 抽动障碍(TD)是一种慢性神经发育障碍性疾病,该症对儿童的认知构成的负面影响目前受到学界广泛关注。研究显示,TD儿童普遍存在注意力集中困难、记忆力低下、智力结构失衡、转换困难、运动技能不佳等症状。这些认知特点与TD的严重程度、发作形式以及持续时间关联密切。此外,TD儿童的家庭环境和社会适应能力也会影响其认知功能。TD病因较为复杂,迄今仍缺乏明晰的病理学基础,推测神经生物、遗传、免疫和环境等诸多因素相互作用导致发病。本文就TD对儿童认知功能影响的研究进展做一概述,为TD儿童的认知干预提供参考。

关键词: 抽动障碍, 儿童, 认知功能, 损害

CLC Number:

R749.94

LI Zhonggui, WANG Haifei, HUANG Meilin, JING Jin. Cognitive impairments of children with tic disorder[J]. Chinese Journal of Child Health Care, 2024, 32(10): 1106-1110.

李忠贵, 王海霏, 黄美琳, 静进. 抽动障碍对儿童认知功能的损害[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2024, 32(10): 1106-1110.

References

[1] Black KJ, Kim S, Schlaggar BL, et al. The new tics study: A novel approach to pathophysiology and cause of tic disorders[J]. J Psychiatry Brain Sci, 2020, 5:e200012.
[2] Cavanna AE, Ganos C, Hartmann A, et al. The cognitive neuropsychiatry of Tourette syndrome[J]. Cogn Neuropsychiatry, 2020, 25(4): 254-268.
[3] 姜妍琳, 张蔷, 翟睿, 等. 中国儿童抽动障碍患病率及危险因素系统评价[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2023, 31(6): 661-667.
Jiang YL, Zhang Q, Zhai R, et al. Systematic review of the prevalence and risk factors of tic disorders in Chinese children[J]. Chin J Child Health Care, 2023, 31(6): 661-667.(in Chinese)
[4] Dale RC. Tics and tourette:A clinical, pathophysiological and etiological review[J]. Curr. Opin. Pediatr, 2017, 29(6): 665-673.
[5] Eddy CM, Rizzo R, Cavanna AE. Neuropsychological aspects of Tourette syndrome: A review[J]. J Psychosom Res, 2009, 67(6): 503-513.
[6] Morand-Beaulieu S, Leclerc JB, Valois P, et al. A review of the neuropsychological dimensions of Tourette syndrome[J]. Brain sci, 2017, 7(8): 106.
[7] Wanderer S, Roessner V, Strobel A, et al. WISC-Ⅳ performance of children with chronic tic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Results from a German clinical study[J]. Child Adol Psych Men, 2021, 15: 1-13.
[8] Debes NMMM, Lange T, Jessen TL, et al. Performance on Wechsler Intelligence Scales in children with Tourette syndrome[J]. Europ J Paediatr Neurol, 2011, 15(2): 146-154.
[9] Trau SP, Singer HS. Tourette syndrome and tic disorders[J]. Pediatr Rev,2024, 45(2): 85-95.
[10] Kleimaker M, Takacs A, Conte G, et al. Increased perception-action binding in Tourette syndrome[J]. Brain, 2020, 143(6): 1934-1945.
[11] Eördegh G, Pertich Á, Tárnok Z, et al. Impairment of visually guided associative learning in children with Tourette syndrome[J]. PLoS One, 2020, 15(6): e0234724.
[12] Tóth-Fáber E, Tárnok Z, Janacsek K, et al. Dissociation between two aspects of procedural learning in Tourette syndrome: Enhanced statistical and impaired sequence learning[J]. Child Neuropsychol, 2021, 27(6): 799-821.
[13] Openneer TJ, Forde NJ, Akkermans SE, et al. Executive function in children with Tourette syndrome and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Cross-disorder or unique impairments?[J]. Cortex, 2020, 124: 176-187.
[14] Sarongku T, Trisnawati S, Samatra DPGP. Intellectual disability as a comorbidity in Tourette syndrome:A case report[J]. Adv Psychiatr Neurol/Postep Psychiatr Neurol, 2022, 31(4): 178-182.
[15] Ueda K, Black K J. Recent progress on Tourette syndrome[J]. Fac Rev, 2021, 10:70.
[16] Gray R, Gaska J, Winterbottom M. Relationship between sustained, orientated, divided, and selective attention and simulated aviation performance: Training & pressure effects[J]. J Appl Res Mem Cogn, 2016, 5(1): 34-42.
[17] Plessen KJ, Lundervold A, Grüner R, et al. Functional brain asymmetry, attentional modulation, andinterhemispheric transfer in boys with Tourette syndrome[J]. Neuropsychologia, 2007, 45(4): 767-774.
[18] Xu W, Sun D, Liu Z. Advances in the levels of neurotransmitters associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children with tic disorders[J]. Int J Pediatr, 2023: 482-486.
[19] Koenn LG, Kohl S, Schleyken S, et al. Impulsivity and attention in obsessive compulsive and tic disorders: Mismatch in self-report and behavioural data[J]. J Clin Med, 2023, 12(6):2277.
[20] Osborne M. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and comorbid learning disorders[J]. Ment Health Matters, 2023, 10(1): 7-8.
[21] Schüller T, Fischer AG, Gruendler T O J, et al. Decreased transfer of value to action in Tourette syndrome[J]. Cortex, 2020, 126: 39-48.
[22] Vitulano LA, Vitulano ML, King RA, et al. Neurodevelopmental disorders: Stereotypical movement disorders and tic disorders[M]//Tasman′s Psychiatry. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023: 1-23.
[23] Xie IY, Lucke IM, Fürst N, et al. Deficits of sustained attention in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder comorbid with tic disorders[J]. J Obsess-Compuls Rel, 2020, 27: 100579.
[24] Tóth-Fáber E, Janacsek K, Nemeth D. How do alterations of the basal ganglia affect procedural memory in Tourette syndrome?[J]. Curr Opin Behav Sci, 2024, 57: 101376.
[25] Kim S, Greene DJ, D′Andrea CB, et al. Hippocampal volume in provisional tic disorder predicts tic severity at 12-month follow-up[J]. J Clin Med, 2020, 9(6):1715.
[26] Goudriaan A E, Oosterlaan J, De Beurs E, et al. Neurocognitive functions in pathological gambling: A comparison with alcohol dependence, Tourette syndrome and normal controls[J]. Addiction, 2006, 101(4): 534-547.
[27] Feehan A, Charest M. A scoping review of oral language and social communication abilities in children with Tourette syndrome[J]. Int J Lang Comm Dis, 2024, 59(1): 143-164.
[28] Graff M. Cognitive characteristics of "pure" Tourette Syndrome and what we can learn from neurological study[J]. J Cognitive Psychol, 2024: 1-15.
[29] Mahone EM, Koth CW, Cutting L, et al. Executive function in fluency and recall measures among children with Tourette syndrome or ADHD[J]. J Int Neuropsychol Soc, 2001, 7(1): 102-111.
[30] Johnson KA, Worbe Y, Foote KD, et al. Tourette syndrome: Clinical features, pathophysiology, and treatment[J]. Lancet Neurol, 2023, 22(2): 147-158.
[31] Pulli EP, Nolvi S, Eskola E, et al. Structural brain correlates of non-verbal cognitive ability in 5-year-old children: Findings from the FinnBrain birth cohort study[J]. Hum Brain Mapp, 2023, 44(17): 5582-5601.
[32] Buse J, August J, Bock N, et al. Fine motor skills and interhemispheric transfer in treatment-naive male children with Tourette syndrome[J]. Dev Med Child Neurol, 2012, 54(7): 629-635.
[33] Baglioni V, Neri V, Silvestri PR, et al. Motor ability and visual-motor integration in children affected by tic disorder[J]. Prev Res, 2013, 2: 22-26.
[34] Graziola F, Pellorca C, Di Criscio L, et al. Impaired motor timing in Tourette syndrome:Results from a case-control study in children[J]. Front Neurol, 2020, 11: 552701.
[35] Tygesen MLB, Maigaard K, Hagstrøm J, et al. Fine motor skills in children with Tourette syndrome and their unaffected first-degree siblings[J]. Scand J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Psychol, 2023, 11(1): 60-68.
[36] Meoni S, Macerollo A, Moro E. Sex differences in movement disorders[J]. Nat Rev Neurol, 2020, 16(2): 84-96.