Abstract: Objective To investigate the prevalence of language delay among children aged 18 - 36 months in Urumqi and analyze the risk factors contributing to it, thereby providing a scientific basis for promoting early language development in children. Methods Children aged 18 to 36 months who underwent health check-ups at the Department of Child Health Care, Urumqi Children's Hospital, between January and June 2023 were selected as subjects. The outcome variables were assessed using the Neuro-Psychological Development Assessment Scale for Children Aged 0 - 6 Years and the Early Language Development Progress Scale. Risk factors influencing language developmental delay were obtained through questionnaires. Results A total of 703 children were included in the study, among whom 118 (16.8%) had language delay. Children in the language delay group lagged behind those in the normal language group in the domains of language, gross motor, fine motor, adaptability, and social skills (t=28.29, 5.23, 6.33, 7.74, 13.07, P<0.05). Statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of gender, parental education level, parental relationship, maternal hypertension during pregnancy, maternal emotional status during pregnancy, feeding mode, daily screen exposure time of children, types of daily play activities, and types of games (χ²:4.202 - 40.063,P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that being male (OR=2.534, 95%CI: 1.571 - 4.089), maternal emotional distress during pregnancy (OR=1.779, 95%CI: 1.048 - 3.019), artificial feeding (OR=2.598, 95%CI: 1.457 - 4.636), daily screen exposure time >1h (OR=3.244, 95%CI: 1.966 - 5.354), solitary play (OR=2.168, 95%CI: 1.323 - 3.553), and playing mainly sensory motor games (OR=1.902, 95%CI: 1.157 - 3.126) were risk factors for language delay in children (P<0.05). Conclusions Children's language development is influenced by multiple factors such as gender, maternal emotional status during pregnancy, feeding mode, screen exposure time, gaming methods, and gaming content. Therefore, in areas with relatively backward conditions for children's health care in the western region, priority should be given to conducting health education on the above factors, guiding parents to adopt scientific parenting methods, and promoting early language development in children.

Key words: language development delay, developmental characteristics, children

摘要： 目的 对18～36月龄儿童语言发育迟缓情况进行调查并分析影响语言发育迟缓的危险因素,为促进儿童早期语言发展提供科学依据。方法 选取2023年1—6月在乌鲁木齐市儿童医院儿童保健科健康体检的18～36月龄儿童为研究对象,以0～6岁儿童神经心理发育评估量表、早期语言发育进程量表为结局变量,通过问卷调查获得影响儿童语言发育迟缓的影响因素。结果 共703例儿童纳入研究,语言发育迟缓儿童118例(16.8%),语言发育迟缓组儿童在语言、大运动、精细运动、适应性及社交能区均落后于语言正常组(t=28.29、5.23、6.33、7.74、13.07,P＜0.05)。语言发育迟缓组儿童与语言正常组儿童在性别、父母亲文化程度、父母关系、母亲孕期患高血压、孕期情绪、喂养方式、儿童每日屏幕暴露时间、儿童日常游戏活动类型和游戏种类方面差异均有统计学意义(χ²值:4.202~40.063,P＜0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,男童(OR=2.534,95%CI:1.571～4.089)、母亲孕期情绪不佳(OR=1.779,95%CI:1.048～3.019)、人工喂养(OR=2.598,95%CI:1.457～4.636)、儿童每日屏幕暴露时间＞1h(OR=3.244,95%CI:1.966～5.354),儿童独自游戏(OR=2.168,95%CI:1.323～3.553),游戏种类以感觉机能性游戏为主(OR=1.902,95%CI:1.157～3.126)是儿童语言发育迟缓的危险因素(P＜0.05)。结论 儿童语言发育受性别、母亲孕期情绪、喂养方式、接受屏幕暴露时间、游戏方式、游戏内容等多种因素的影响。因此,应优先针对上述因素开展健康教育,指导家长科学养育,促进儿童早期语言发展。

关键词: 语言发育迟缓, 发育特征, 儿童