Abstract: Objective To know about current status and influencing factors of language development among 18-month-old children, so as to provide guidance for early intervention. Methods A total of 362 children aged 18 months who took routine physical examination in the Department of Child Health Center of Changning Maternal and Infant Health Care Hospital in Shanghai from October 2021 to March 2022 were selected into this study, including 176 boys and 186 girls. Children were screened for language development by using the Early Language Milestone Scale, with the total score≤P₁₀ as abnormal. The demographic information, family conditions, behavior habits and feeding behaviors were collected using questionnaire. Univariate analysis and multiple regression analysis were performed to analyze influencing factors of language development. Results The prevalence of language development delay among 18-month-old children was 9.9%, with 11.9% in boys and 8.1% in girls. The score of voice and speech (11.14±2.62 vs. 12.45 ± 3.20) and the total score of language development (35.19±3.90 vs. 36.68 ± 4.02) in boys were significantly lower than those of girls (t=-4.244, -3.591, P＜0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that mother or (maternal) grandparents as the major caregiver (β＝1.188, 0.279, 0.217, 1.735, P<0.05) and higher education level of caregivers (β = 1.027, 0.267, 0.161, 1.485, P<0.05) had positive effects on the scores of voice and speech, auditory perception and understanding, visual related understanding and expression and total score of language development. However, longer screen time (β =-0.452, -0.612, P<0.05) and delayed timing to introducing solid food (β =-0.515, -0.613, P<0.05) are negatively correlated with voice and speech development and overall language development of children. Conclusion Children at 18 months of age have a higher rate of abnormal language development, especially in boys; this can be facilitated by choosing an appropriate caregiver, controlling screen time and adding solid foods to the diet at the right time.

Key words: language development, family rearing environment, children

摘要： 目的 了解18月龄儿童的语言发育现状,并探索该月龄儿童语言发育的影响因素,为早期干预提供依据。方法 选取2021年10月—2022年3月期间在上海市长宁区妇幼保健院儿童保健中心常规体检的362名18月龄儿童,其中男童176人,女童186人。采用《早期语言发育进程量表》进行语言发育筛查,将筛查总分≤P₁₀记为“异常”。通过家长现场填写问卷调查相关因素,采用单因素及多元回归分析儿童语言发育的主要影响因素。结果 18月龄儿童语言发育异常的发生率为9.9%,其中男女童语言发育异常的发生率分别为11.9%、8.1%,男童在语音和言语表达(A)及总分的得分分别为11.14±2.62和35.19±3.90,低于女童的得分12.45±3.20和36.68±4.02,差异具有统计学意义(t=-4.244、-3.591,P<0.05)。经多元回归分析发现:第一看护人为母亲或(外)祖父母(β=1.188、0.279、0.217、1.735,P<0.05)、看护人文化水平提高(β=1.027、0.267、0.161、1.485,P<0.05)对18月龄儿童语音和言语表达(A)、听觉感受和理解(B)、与视觉相关的理解和表达(C)三部分及总分均有影响,与儿童语言发育呈正相关;接触电子产品的时间增加(β=-0.452、-0.612,P<0.05)、固体类食物的添加时间延迟(β=-0.515、-0.613,P<0.05)对18月龄儿童语音和言语表达(A)及总分有影响,与儿童语言发育呈负相关。结论 18月龄儿童语言发育异常的比例较高,男童尤甚;通过为儿童挑选合适的看护人、控制电子产品的接触时间、饮食中适时添加固体类食物可促进儿童的语言发育。

关键词: 语言发育, 家庭养育环境, 儿童