Objective To explore the related factors of functional constipation in children and its effects on temperament and social adaptability,in order provide data and basis for the diagnosis and intervention of functional constipation. Methods A self-designed child functional constipation related factors questionnaire,3-to 7-Year-Old Children's Temperament Scale, and Infants and Young Children - Junior High School Students Social Adaptability Scale were used in this study. Totally 103 children aged 3-5 years old who had difficulty in defecating and met the Roman Ⅳ diagnostic criteria for children's functional constipation were selected as research objects from September 2018 to May 2019. Meanwhile,94 healthy children who came to the outpatient department of Children's Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University for normal physical examination were selected as the control group. Results Less consumption of fruits and vegetables,less water,less exercise,no defecation training,blaming children for defecation mistakes,and holding back while playing toys were the risk factors for functional constipation(OR=8. 154,6. 653,2. 728,0. 251,18. 620,6. 732,P＜0. 05). In terms of temperament dimension,there was a significant difference on regularity and phobotaxis score between children with functional constipation and children in the control group (t=-10. 48,-10. 33,P<0. 05). In terms of social adaptability,there were significant differences on independent living ability and collective activity ability between children with functional constipation and children in the control group (t=6. 71,-3. 03,P<0. 05). Conclusions The adjustment of eating habits,strengthening the amount of exercise,early defecation training and relieving mental pressure have a good effect on preventing the occurrence of functional constipation. In addition,functional constipation has an impact on children's psychological and behavioral development and social adaptability. Parents should patiently encourage and guide the children to help them build up confidence,which will not only have better effects on the treatment of functional constipation,but also promote the comprehensive development of children's physical and mental health.