关键词: 孕期, 空气污染暴露, 新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征

Abstract: Objective To analyze the correlation between outdoor air pollution exposure during pregnancy and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(NRDS), in order to provide reference for standardized management of NRDS in newborns. Methods Data on neonatal hospitalizations and major air pollutants at the residence of pregnant mothers from January 2013 to December 2020 were retrospectively collected at the China-Japan Friendship Hospital in Beijing. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the impact of maternal air pollution exposure during pregnancy on NRDS, and the gender differences were analyzed by regression interaction effect. Results Exposure to both outdoor air pollutants CO and PM_2.5 during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of neonatal NRDS(CO: OR _{first trimester} =1.39, 95%CI:1.06 - 1.81, OR_{second trimester} =1.77, 95%CI:1.34 - 2.35, OR_{third trimester} =1.38, 95%CI:1.05 - 1.80; PM_2.5: OR_{first trimester} =1.41, 95%CI:1.01 - 1.81, OR_{second trimester} =1.49, 95%CI:1.16 - 1.91, OR_{third trimester} =1.56, 95%CI:1.21 - 2.01)(P<0.05). PM₁₀ exposure was associated with an increased risk of neonatal NRDS only in the second and third trimester(OR_{second trimester}=1.31, 95%CI:1.02 - 1.69, OR_{third trimester} =1.32, 95%CI:1.04 - 1.69)(P<0.05). Gender analysis showed no interaction between perinatal exposure to outdoor air pollution among newborns of different genders. Conclusions Exposure to CO, PM_2.5, and PM₁₀ during pregnancy increases the risk of NRDS. In the prevention work of perinatal period, timely attention should be given to changes in air pollution, and targeted prevention and control measures should be implemented.

Key words: pregnancy period, air pollution exposure, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome