中国西部脱贫地区小学生体重状态和饮食行为干预效果研究

doi:10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-1095

中国儿童保健杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (9): 958-963.DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-1095

中国西部脱贫地区小学生体重状态和饮食行为干预效果研究

吴妍^1*, 刘莎^1*, 高利旺², 李超^1,3, 魏炜^1,4, 龙宇⁵, 张永红⁶, 殷光玲⁷, 白晶⁸, 赵莉⁵, 王友发¹

1.西安交通大学全球健康研究院,公共卫生学院,陕西西安 710061;
2.国家儿童医学中心,首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院,儿童慢病管理中心;
3.陕西省核工业二一五医院;
4.中国医科大学健康科学研究院;
5.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院;
6.陕西省榆林市营养学会;
7.汤臣倍健营养健康研究院;
8.中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所

收稿日期:2023-10-26 修回日期:2024-03-12 发布日期:2024-09-02 出版日期:2024-09-10
通讯作者: 王友发,E-mail: youfawang@gmail.com
作者简介:吴妍(1995-),女,硕士学位,主要研究方向为儿童营养不良预防及控制;刘莎(2000-),女,在读硕士研究生,主要研究方向为儿童肥胖预防及控制。
注:^*共同第一作者
基金资助:
全民营养科研基金(CNS-NNSRG2019-97)

Weight status of primary school students and the effect of dietary behavioral interventions in western poverty alleviation areas in China

WU Yan^1*, LIU Sha^1*, GAO Liwang², LI Chao^1,3, WEI Wei^1,4, LONG Yu⁵, ZHANG Yonghong⁶, YIN Guangling⁷, BAI Jing⁸, ZHAO Li⁵, WANG Youfa¹

1. Global Health Institute,School of Public Health,Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710061, China;
2. Center for Non-communicable Disease Management,National Center for Children's Health,Capital Medical University,Beijing Children's Hospital;
3. No.215 Hospital of Shaanxi Nuclear Industry,Ministry of Science and Education;
4. Institute of Health Sciences,China Medical University;
5. West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital,Sichuan University;
6. Shaanxi YulinNutrition Society;
7. BY-HEALTH Nutrition and Health Research Institute;
8. Institute of Nutrition and Health,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention

Received:2023-10-26 Revised:2024-03-12 Online:2024-09-10 Published:2024-09-02
Contact: WANG Youfa,E-mail: youfawang@gmail.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的评估以学校为基础的综合干预措施对西部脱贫地区小学生体重状态及饮食行为的影响,为改善脱贫地区儿童双重营养不良问题提出参考。方法在陕西和四川两省共3个脱贫县选择6所小学2～5年级学生,于2020年11月-2022年6月开展基线调查和整群随机对照干预研究,干预组进行为期18个月的营养不良防控及不健康生活行为改善,对照组开展近视防控宣教。基线纳入学生1 160名;终期随访1 079名,干预组和对照组分别602和477名。对学生进行体格测量和问卷调查,采用混合效应模型评估干预效果。结果干预后,干预组超重/肥胖(OR=0.60)和消瘦(OR=0.47)发生风险较对照组降低(P＜0.05)。地区分层结果显示,陕西干预组超重/肥胖(OR=0.54)和消瘦(OR=0.31)发生风险较对照组降低(P＜0.05)。饮食行为结果显示,干预后干预组平均每周蛋类(β=0.41)、奶类(β=0.84)和水果(β=0.43)摄入频次均高于对照组(P＜0.05);两省结果不同,陕西、四川干预组蛋类(β=0.36、0.54)和奶类(β=0.96、0.64)摄入频次均较对照组增加(P＜0.05);四川干预组油炸食品(β=0.50)和糖果(β=0.64)摄入频次较对照组增加(P＜0.05)。结论以学校为基础的综合干预措施可以降低学生肥胖和消瘦发生风险,改善我国西部农村脱贫地区学生体重状态及膳食摄入,但干预效果存在地区差异。

关键词: 脱贫地区, 小学生, 体重状态, 饮食行为

Abstract: Objective To assess the effect of a comprehensive school-based intervention on weight status and eating behaviors among primary school students in poverty alleviation areas in western China,in order to provide reference for improving the nutritional preoblems of children in impoverished area. Methods Six primary school students in grades 2 - 5 were selected from three poverty alleviation counties in Shaanxi and Sichuan province,and a baseline survey and whole-cluster randomised controlled intervention study were conducted from November 2020 to June 2022,with 18-month malnutrition prevention and control and unhealthy lifestyle behavior improvement in the intervention group and myopia prevention and control education in the control group.A total of 1 160 students were included at baseline and 1 079 were followed up at the end,with 602 and 477 participants in the intervention and control groups,respectively.Physical examination and frequency of eating behavior questionnaires were administered to the students,and mixed-effects models were used to assess the effect of the intervention. Results After the intervention,the risks of overweight/obesity (OR=0.60) and wasting (OR=0.47) in the intervention group were reduced compared with those in the control group(P＜0.05).Regional stratified analysis showed that the risk of overweight/obesity (OR=0.54) and wasting (OR=0.31) was reduced in the intervention group in Shaanxi compared with that in the control group (P＜0.05).The results of dietary behavior showed that the average weekly frequency of egg (β=0.41),milk (β=0.84) and fruit (β=0.43) intake in the intervention group was higher than that in the control group after the intervention(P＜0.05).The results in the two provinces were different,with an increase in the frequency of egg (β=0.36 and 0.54,respectively) and milk (β=0.96 and 0.64,respectively) intake in the intervention group compared with that in the control group in both Shaanxi and Sichuan(P＜0.05);the frequency of fried food (β=0.50) and candy (β=0.64) intake increased in the Sichuan intervention group compared with the control group(P＜0.05). Conclusions Comprehensive school-based interventions can reduce the risk of obesity and wasting,and improve the weight status and dietary intake of students in rural poverty alleviation areas in China,but there are regional differences in the effectiveness of interventions.

Key words: poverty alleviation areas, primary school students, weight status, dietary behaviors

中图分类号:

R179

吴妍, 刘莎, 高利旺, 李超, 魏炜, 龙宇, 张永红, 殷光玲, 白晶, 赵莉, 王友发. 中国西部脱贫地区小学生体重状态和饮食行为干预效果研究[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2024, 32(9): 958-963.

WU Yan, LIU Sha, GAO Liwang, LI Chao, WEI Wei, LONG Yu, ZHANG Yonghong, YIN Guangling, BAI Jing, ZHAO Li, WANG Youfa. Weight status of primary school students and the effect of dietary behavioral interventions in western poverty alleviation areas in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Child Health Care, 2024, 32(9): 958-963.

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中国西部脱贫地区小学生体重状态和饮食行为干预效果研究

Weight status of primary school students and the effect of dietary behavioral interventions in western poverty alleviation areas in China

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