玩耍与游戏是儿童生活中最古老、最自然且至关重要的活动形式,亦是早期儿童发展的核心研究议题。玩耍以儿童自主探索为核心特质,强调开放性、想象性与内在动机,在滋养创造力、情绪调节能力、社会互动素养及自我主导学习能力等关键维度上具有独特价值;游戏则以明确的规则、清晰的目标与特定任务为显著特征,更利于聚焦逻辑推理、语言表达、数理认知及执行功能等专项技能的精准提升,可通过成人设计的结构化情境实现可控可测的学习成效。高质量的儿童发展不应偏向单一形式,而应在理解玩耍和游戏差异的基础上加以合理整合,在多样化参与、适宜挑战水平和回应性成人支持下,促进儿童在身体、认知、情感与社会等方面的全面发展。
Abstract
Play and games are the oldest, most natural and crucial forms of activity in children's lives, and also constitute a core research topic in the field of child development. Centered on children's independent exploration, play emphasizes openness, imagination and intrinsic motivation, and holds unique value in fostering key competencies such as creativity, emotional regulation, social interaction skills and self-directed learning ability. By contrast, games are characterized by clear rules, distinct goals and specific tasks; they are more conducive to the targeted enhancement of specialized skills including logical reasoning, language expression, mathematical cognition and executive functions, and can achieve controllable and measurable learning outcomes through structured scenarios designed by adults. High-quality child development should not favor a single form; instead, it should pursue integration on the basis of understanding the differences between play and games, so as to promote children's holistic development in physical, cognitive, emotional and social aspects through diverse participation, appropriate challenges and responsive adult support.
关键词
玩耍 /
游戏 /
儿童发展 /
全球行动
Key words
play /
game /
child development /
global action
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