目的 基于学生-家长双视角,探讨小升初学生生活事件、焦虑水平与饮食行为之间的关联,以期为该过渡期学生的心理健康维护与不良饮食行为干预提供依据。方法 于2023年7月—2025年6月,采用整群随机抽样法,在成都市某区抽取六年级和初一学生及其家长进行问卷调查,最终纳入有效匹配问卷623对。学生独立完成Spence儿童焦虑量表(SCAS)自评;学生与家长分别独立填写儿童饮食行为量表(CEBQ)和青少年生活事件量表(ASLEC)。采用配对t检验/Wilcoxon符号秩和检验及组内相关系数(ICC)比较双视角评分的差异与一致性,采用相关分析和多元线性回归分析生活事件、焦虑水平与饮食行为的关联。结果 1)家长他评与学生自评在CEBQ多个细分维度上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但食物回避行为与食物趋近行为的总分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);家长报告的生活事件暴露水平显著高于学生自评(Z＝-4.977,P<0.001);ICC分析显示,双视角在饮食行为各维度及生活事件评分上的一致性较弱(ICC=0.147~0.366)。2)生活事件与焦虑水平呈显著正相关,且学生自评的关联强度(rs=0.595)大于家长报告(rs=0.315)(P<0.001)。3)生活事件与焦虑水平均与两类饮食行为呈正相关(P<0.05),其中食物回避行为与二者的关联性强于食物趋近行为。4)多元回归分析显示:生活事件与焦虑水平对饮食行为具有显著影响,且对回避行为(β生活=0.231,β焦虑=0.229)的影响大于对趋近行为(β生活=0.117,β焦虑=0.164);男生与初一年级学生更易出现食物趋近行为(P<0.001)。结论 小升初学生的生活事件与焦虑水平均与其饮食行为密切相关,但二者影响路径存在差异:生活事件对食物回避行为有更直接的影响,而焦虑水平升高则更倾向于驱动食物趋近行为。学生自评数据对揭示心理-行为关联更具敏感性,基于学生-家长双视角的评估差异为实施针对性的家校协同干预提供了重要依据。
Abstract
Objective To explore the associations among life events, anxiety levels, and eating behaviors in students transitioning from primary to junior high school from both student and parent perspectives, so as to provide evidence for psychological and dietary behavioral interventions during this transitional period. Methods From July 2023 to June 2025, a cluster-based survey was conducted among sixth-grade primary school students, first-year junior high school students, and their parents in one district of Chengdu, China. A total of 623 matched student-parent pairs were included. Students completed the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS), while students and parents independently completed the Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ) and the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist (ASLEC). Paired t-tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to compare differences and agreement between the two perspectives. Correlation analysis and multiple linear regression were used to examine the associations among life events, anxiety levels, and eating behaviors. Results Significant differences were found between parent ratings and student self-ratings in several CEBQ subscales, whereas no significant differences were observed in the total scores of food avoidance behavior or food approach behavior (both P>0.05). Parents reported higher levels of life event exposure than students (Z=-4.977, P<0.001). ICC analysis showed weak agreement between the two perspectives across eating behavior dimensions and life event ratings (ICC=0.147 - 0.366). Life events were positively correlated with anxiety levels, and the correlation was stronger in student self-reports(rs=0.595) than in parent reports (rs=0.315) (P<0.001). Both life events and anxiety levels were positively associated with food avoidance behavior and food approach behavior (P<0.05), with relatively stronger correlations observed for food avoidance behavior. After adjusting for confounding factors, multiple regression analysis further showed that both life events and anxiety levels were associated with both types of eating behaviors. Their impact was greater on food avoidance behavior (life events: β=0.231, anxiety: β=0.229) than on food approach behavior (life events:β= 0.117, anxiety:β=0.164).Male students and first-year junior high school students were more likely to exhibit food approach behavior (P<0.001). Conclusions Life events and anxiety levels are closely related to the eating behaviors of students during the primary-to-junior-high transition, but their influence pathways differ. Life events have a more direct impact on food avoidance behavior, whereas higher anxiety levels tend to drive food approach behavior. Student self-reported data may be more sensitive in identifying psychological-behavioral associations. Discrepancies between student and parent assessments may provide important reference for targeted home-school collaborative interventions.
关键词
小升初 /
生活事件暴露 /
焦虑水平 /
饮食行为 /
学生-家长双视角
Key words
primary-to-junior high transition /
life event exposure /
anxiety /
eating behavior /
dual perspectives of students and parents
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] Michels N, Sioen I, Braet C, et al. Stress, emotional eating behaviour and dietary patterns in children[J]. Appetite, 2012, 59(3):762-769.
[2] Gül E, Aktürk Ü. The correlation between body cathexis and emotional eating behaviors of adolescents[J]. Curr Psychol, 2025, 44(7):5508-5521.
[3] 俞晓艳,陆唯怡,杜兰朵朵,等.压力和心理韧性与中学生饮食行为的关系[J].中国学校卫生,2025,46(8):1138-1141, 1146.
Yu XY, Lu WY, Du LDD, et al. Association of stress and psychological resilience with dietary behavior among middle school students[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2025, 46(8):1138-1141,1146.(in Chinese)
[4] 张佳琪.生活压力事件对初中生抑郁的影响机制及干预研究[D].武汉:华中师范大学,2023.
Zhang JQ. The effect mechanism of stressful life events on junior school students' depression and intervention study[D].Wuhan:Central China Normal University, 2023.(in Chinese)
[5] 侯欣宇.青少年生活压力、社交焦虑与内化性行为问题的关联研究[D].济宁:济宁医学院, 2022.
Hou XY. The relationship between adolescents' life stress, social anxiety, and internalizing problems[D]. Jining:Jining Medical University, 2022.(in Chinese)
[6] 任中夏,程志浩,王培玉.儿童青少年心理压力与饮食行为研究进展[J].中国学校卫生,2022,43(8):1268-1271.
Ren ZX, Cheng ZH, Wang PY. Research update on psychological stress and eating behaviors in children and adolescents[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2022, 43(8):1268-1271.(in Chinese)
[7] 赵慧雯,吴晶晶.基于强化理论的学龄前儿童进食习惯养成产品设计研究[J].设计, 2025,38(11):80-84.
Zhao HW, Wu JJ. Research on the design of assistive products for preschool children's eating habit formation based on reinforcement theory[J]. Design, 2025, 38(11):80-84.(in Chinese)
[8] 张薇,袁静,唐涵,等.基于潜在剖面分析的学龄前儿童饮食行为特征及其影响因素探索[J].中国妇幼健康研究, 2025,36(2):9-17.
Zhang W, Yuan J, Tang H, et al. Exploration of dietary behavior characteristics and influencing factors in preschool children based on latent profile analysis[J]. Chin J Woman Child Health Res, 2025, 36(2): 9-17.(in Chinese)
[9] Wardle J, Guthrie CA, Sanderson S, et al. Development of the Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire[J]. Child Psychology Psychiatry, 2001,42(7):963-970.
[10] 刘贤臣, 刘连启, 杨杰, 等. 青少年生活事件量表的信度效度检验[J]. 中国临床心理学杂志, 1997, 5(1): 34-36.
Liu XC, Liu LQ, Yang J, et al. The Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist and its reliability and validity[J]. Chin J Clin Psychol, 1997, 5(1): 34-36. (in Chinese)
[11] Smith AD, Sanchez N, Harrison K, et al. Observations of parent-adolescent interactions relate to food parenting practices and adolescent disordered eating in adolescents at risk for adult obesity[J]. Fam Process. 2023,62(4):1687-1708.
[12] Russell CG, Worsley A. Why don't they like that? And can I do anything about it? The nature and correlates of parents' attributions and self-efficacy beliefs about preschool children's food preferences[J]. Appetite, 2013, 66:34-43.
[13] 成刚,杜思慧,余倩. “望子成龙”有效吗?——基于亲子教育期望偏差对学业成绩的影响研究[J]. 华东师范大学学报(教育科学版), 2022,40(1):74-87.
Cheng G, Du SH, Yu Q. Are your educational expectations rational? Research on effects of parent-child discrepancies in educational expectations on academic performance[J]. Journal of East China Normal Univ (Educ Sci), 2022, 40(1):74-87.(in Chinese)
[14] Katzman DK, Spettigue W, Agostino H, et al. Incidence and age- and sex-specific differences in the clinical presentation of children and adolescents with avoidant restrictive food intake disorder[J]. JAMA Pediatr, 2021, 175(12):e213861.
[15] 王清玉,林征,雷阳,等.儿童青少年回避性/限制性摄食障碍:评估与治疗[J].中国全科医学, 2024,27(9):1028-1033.
Wang QY, Lin Z, Lei Y, et al. Assessment andtreatment of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder in children and adolescents[J]. Chin Gen Pract, 2024, 27(9):1028-1033.(in Chinese)
[16] Plum T, Binzberger R, Thiele R, et al. Mast cells link immune sensing to antigen-avoidance behaviour[J]. Nature, 2023, 620(7974):634-642.
[17] Florsheim EB, Bachtel ND, Cullen JL, et al. Immune sensing of food allergens promotes avoidance behaviour[J]. Nature, 2023, 620(7974):643-650.
[18] Stice E, Burger K. Neural vulnerability factors for obesity[J]. Clin Psychol Rev, 2019, 68:38-53.
[19] 赵喆,黄喜珊,王薇,等.进食障碍的性别差异及其影响因素研究述评[J].中国健康心理学杂志, 2017,25(5):792-797.
Zhao Z, Huang XS, Wang W, et al. Review on research of gender differences and influencing factors in eating disorder[J]. China J Health Psychol, 2017, 25(5): 792-797.(in Chinese)
基金
四川省成都市龙泉驿区2023年卫健系统科研课题(WJKY2023033)
PDF(722 KB)
