目的 探讨中小学生睡眠时间、饮食与抑郁、焦虑、压力症状的关系,为中小学生心理健康促进及干预提供参考依据。方法 2023年9—10月,采用分层整群随机抽样法对无锡市12 156名中小学生进行问卷调查,采用学生常见病和健康影响因素监测调查问卷相关条目评估中小学生的睡眠时间、饮食状况和抑郁、焦虑、压力症状。采用χ2检验进行组间比较,采用logistic回归模型分析睡眠时间和饮食与抑郁、焦虑、压力症状的独立和联合关联。结果 无锡市中小学生睡眠时间和健康饮食未达标率分别为68.8%(8 368/12 156)、91.4%(11 114/12 156),抑郁、焦虑、压力症状检出率分别为12.9%(1 574/12 156)、23.0%(2 797/12 156)、9.5%(1 152/12 156)。多因素logistic回归结果显示,睡眠时间未达标(OR=2.13、2.23、2.03)和健康饮食未达标(OR＝2.49、2.04、2.00)是存在抑郁、焦虑和压力症状的危险因素(P<0.05);饮食和睡眠时间与中小学生抑郁、焦虑症状存在交互效应,与两者均达标者相比,两者均未达标的中小学生其抑郁、焦虑、压力症状风险显著升高(OR＝10.87、6.83、3.06,P<0.05)。结论 无锡市中小学生睡眠时间、健康饮食和抑郁、焦虑、压力症状存在相关性。家庭、学校和社会应共同保障中小学生充足睡眠与健康饮食,以预防和减轻其心理问题。
Abstract
Objective To explore the association of sleep duration and diet with depression, anxiety and stress symptoms among primary and secondary school students, so as to provide reference for the promotion and intervention of mental health among primary and secondary school students. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted by multi-stage cluster random sampling on 12 156 primary and secondary school students in Wuxi from September to October 2023.The entries of the questionnaire on monitoring of common diseases and health influencing factors of students were used to assess the sleep time, dietary status, and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress of primary and secondary school students.The χ2 test was employed for between-group comparisons, and multivariate logistic regression models were utilised to analyze the independent and joint associations of sleep duration and diet with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Results The rates of inadequate sleep duration and unhealthy diet among students were 68.8% (8 368/12 156) and 91.4% (11 114/12 156), respectively.The detection rates of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms were 12.9%(1 574/12 156), 23.0%(2 797/12 156) and 9.5%(1 152/12 156), respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that inadequate sleep duration was positively associated with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress (OR=2.13, 2.23, 2.03, P<0.05), and an unhealthy diet was also positively associated with these symptoms (OR=2.49, 2.04, 2.00, P<0.05).An interaction effect between diet and sleep duration was observed for depression and anxiety symptoms.Compared with students who met both healthy diet and adequate sleep duration standards, those who failed to meet both had significantly higher risks of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms (OR=10.87, 6.83, 3.06, P<0.05). Conclusions Inadequate sleep duration and unhealthy diet are significantly associated with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among primary and secondary school students in Wuxi.Families, schools, and society should work together to ensure sufficient sleep and healthy eating habits to prevent and alleviate mental health problems in students.
关键词
睡眠 /
饮食 /
抑郁 /
焦虑 /
压力
Key words
sleep /
diet /
depression /
anxiety /
stress
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基金
无锡市医学重点学科项目(LCZX2021006);无锡市卫健委青年科研基金项目(Q202461);无锡市妇幼健康科研基金项目(FYKY202406)
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