Table of Content

10 September 2018, Volume 26 Issue 9

Previous Issue    Next Issue

Children's growth, development and nutrition

MA Jun

2018, 26(9):  932-934.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-09-02

Asbtract ( )   PDF (451KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Children's growth, development and nutrition are facing the double burden of malnutrition and overweight/obesity. Although the malnutrition rate of children aged 7 to 18 years has declined continuously from 2005 to 2014, the overall rate is still high. There is a new trend in childhood obesity, with the average annual growth rate of overweight/obesity among rural students exceeding that in urban areas in 2005, and the obesity rate among rural areas approaching or exceeding that in cities in 2014. The physical fitness of children has decreased, especially the endurance quality. Moreover, the prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases in children has increased significantly. While improving nutrition and economic investment, health education should be strengthened to help children and adolescents to develop healthy dietary behaviors and lifestyle.

Follow-up study of growth and body composition development of hypoallergenic formula-fed children with cow's milk allergy

DONG Ping, FENG Jing-jing, YAN Dong-yong, LÜ Yu-jing, XU Xiu

2018, 26(9):  935-939.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-09-03

Asbtract ( )   PDF (715KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To longitudinally observe the physical growth, especially body composition (BC) in hypoallergenic formula (HF)-fed children with cow's milk allergy (CMA) in the early birth period. Methods Totally 60 HF-fed children under 4 months old were enrolled in this study from January 2014 to September 2015.Routine physical examinations were conducted till 1 year old. BC was measured using a PEA POD^® Infant Body Composition System during the first 6 months of life and assessed by skinfold anthropometry at 12 months old. Results The average age of infants at enrollment was (2.9±1.0) months old. Compared with healthy control of the same age, HF-fed CMA infants had significantly lower weight-for-age Z scores from 6 to 12 months and weight-for-length Z scores from 9 to 12 months; Also, the percent fat mass of HF-fed CMA infants was significantly lower than that of the control infants at the age of 6 months old (26.2% vs 30.3%,P=0.015) and 12 months old (23.8% vs 27.1%,P=0.028); The mean fat mass index (FMI) was at least 0.2 units lower than that of the control infants, but the difference was not statistically significant(P＞0.05). Conclusion Infants with CMA, who are HF-fed in early period after birth, is likely to have weight gain and impaired and body fat accumulation.

Association between serum omentin-1 level and childhood non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

ZHANG Mei-zhen, LIU Yue-sheng, WANG Min, YIN Chun-yan,WANG Li,XIAO Yan-feng

2018, 26(9):  940-943.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-09-04

Asbtract ( )   PDF (743KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To evaluate the associations between omentin-1 and childhood non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods A total of 116 obese children were divided into NAFLD with obesity (n=61) and without obesity(n=55) group, and 55 children with normal weight were as control. The height, weight, waist circumference and blood pressure were measured.The blood lipid, blood glucose and biochemical test were also tested. Venous blood was collected to detect serum insulin, omentin-1,leptin and adiponectin and analyze the correlation. Logistics regression analysis was used to evaluate the risk and protected factors of NAFLD. And ROC curve was used to assess diagnostic value of omentin-1, body mass index(BMI)and waist circumference for NAFLD. Results Serum omentin-1 level was significantly lower in obese children with NAFLD compared with other two groups(P<0.05). After adjusted for age and waist circumference, omentin-1 was negatively correlated with NAFLD,low-density lipoprotein level(LDL-C) and leptin/adiponectin (LAR), and was positively correlated with adiponectin (all P<0.05). Furthermore, Logistics regression analysis showed BMI, HOMA-IR were risk factors for NAFLD, and omentin-1 was a protected factor (P<0.05). BMI, waist circumference and omentin-1 were helpful for NAFLD diagnosis. Conclusion Serum omentin-1 is related to childhood body lipid especially central obesity,lipid disorder and NAFLD, which may be a beneficial adiposity factor helpful to improve childhood NAFLD.

Effect of home support environment on gross motor sub-score of Ages & Stages Questionnaires in infants aged 3~4 months

YANG Qing, HUA Jing, CHEN Zhen-jiang

2018, 26(9):  944-947.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-09-05

Asbtract ( )   PDF (568KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To explore the influencing factors for developmental level and delay of the infant's gross motor, in order to provide reference for targeted prevention and intervention approaches. Methods A total of 653 healthy infants aged 3~4 months were selected as participants from May to September in 2015. The Ages & Stages Questionnaires Third Edition (Chinese Version) was used to assess gross motor development of infants, and the participants were divided into suspected abnormalities group and normal developing group according to results of assessment .The affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development-Infant Scale instrument was adopted to assess the home support environment. Results The mean score of gross motor in 653 infants was 49.16±11.41, and 93 cases(14.2%) were identified with suspected developmental delays. After adjusting variables including city, maternal education, marital status and family structure,the appropriate level(β=4.255,95%CI:2.013~6.492) and sufficient level(β=3.010,95%CI:0.845~5.171)of activity space affected the gross motor significantly(both P＜0.05). After adjusting variables like city and marital status, the adequate activity space(OR=0.357, 95%CI: 0.195~0.653),appropriate activity space(OR=0.476, 95%CI: 0.272~0.783),and appropriate variety of stimulation(OR=0.507, 95%CI: 0.288~0.893) were related to suspected gross motor developmental delays. Conclusions Adequate or appropriate activity space, appropriate variety of activities could promote the development of gross motor. Child healthcare providers need to strengthen healthy education and guide parents to improve their home support environment so as to promote early childhood development.

Association among sleep duration, screen time and childhood obesity in school-aged children

LIN Li-zi, GAO Ai-yu, WANG Di, CHENG Yu, CHENG Lan, LI Qin, WANG Hai-jun

2018, 26(9):  948-951.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-09-06

Asbtract ( )   PDF (607KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To analyze the association among sleep duration (SD), screen time (ST) and childhood obesity in school-aged children, in order to provide evidence for prevention and control of childhood obesity. Methods Custer random sampling was used to recruit 1 889 students from three to five grades in twelve schools of a district in Beijing in September 2013, and the participants were divided into obese and non-obese groups by Chinese standard. Questionnaires were used to require SD, ST and other obesity related factors. The generalized linear mixed model was used to analyze the effect of SD and ST on childhood obesity in school-aged children. Results Totally 27.83% and 77.08% of students could reach the recommended standards of SD and ST. The rate of obesity in children whose SD ≥9 hours/day and ＜9 hours/day, and whose ST ＜2 hours/day and ≥2 hours/day were 19.46% vs 25.88%, and 18.09% vs 29.29% respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (χ²=6.83 and 23.35,all P<0.01). Students were divided into four groups according to the combination of SD (9 hours/day) and ST (2 hours/day).The difference on the obesity rate of the four groups was significant (χ²=28.51,P<0.01). After adjustment for other obesity related factors, children with SD ≥9 hours/day and ST ＜2 hours/day had lower obesity rate than those with SD ＜9 hours/day and ST ≥2 hours/day (OR=0.48,95%CI:0.28~0.81,P =0.011). Conclusions Only 27.83% of students from three to five grades reaches the Chinese standard of SD. Students with SD ≥9 hours/day and ST ＜2 hours/day are less likely to develop obesity. So management of SD and ST is in urgent need in the interventions of childhood obesity.

Study on nutrition and feeding practices among infants aged 6~12 months from community health service centers in Beijing, Hefei and Baotou

LIU Xin, YIN De-lu, XIN Qian-qian, LI Rui-li, ZHENG Xiao-guo, YANG Hui-min, YIN Tao, CHEN Bo-wen

2018, 26(9):  952-955.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-09-07

Asbtract ( )   PDF (567KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To analyze the feeding practices and nutritional status of infants aged 6~12 months from community health service centers in urban areas in China, and to provide evidence for healthcare and nutrition management of infants. Methods A cross-sectional study design was used. Height, weight and hemoglobin were measured and questionnaires on feeding practices were carried out in 1 447 infants from 6 community health service centers in Beijin, Hefei and Baotou cities. Z-scores were calculated to assess growth and development and nutritional status. Result The breastfeeding rate of infants at their six months old in investigated urban area was 13.5%, the timely supplementary feeding rate was 94.2%, minimum dietary diversity was 54.7%, and the overall prevalence of anemia was 17.4%. Conclusions The nutrition status of infants in surveyed urban area is in good condition, but malnutrition still remains a problem. So more attention should be paid to health care and nutrition management of infants in community health service centers.

Study on hydrogen sulfide and 25-(OH)D₃ in obese children with different glucose tolerance

ZHANG Yuan-da, LIU Yu, ZHANG Yu, LIU Rui-hua, BAI Lu,DONG Qing-wei, SONG Hao-bin,HAN Li-po

2018, 26(9):  956-959.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-09-08

Asbtract ( )   PDF (521KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To study the significance of changes of serum hydrogen sulfide and 25-(OH)D₃ in obese children with different glucose tolerance. Methods According to the oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT),204 obese children were divided into impaired fasting glycaemia(IFG) group,impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) group,IFG combined with IGT group and diabetes mellitus(DM) group from Jan 2013 to Jan 2016. Totally 46 obese children with normal OGTT were as obese group. The levels of serum H₂S and 25-(OH)D₃ were tested by spectrophotometer and euzymelinked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) respectively. Results The levels of H₂S and 25-(OH)D₃ were lowest in obese group (P＜0.05);The levels of H₂S and 25-(OH)D₃ were lower in IFG combined with IGT group than IFG group and IGT group (P＜0.05);The levels of H₂S and 25-(OH)D₃ were lower in DM group than those of IFG group,IGT group and IFG combined with IGT group(P＜0.05); The levels of H₂S and 25-(OH)D₃ were lower in IFG group than IGT group(P＜0.05). The levels of H₂S and 25-(OH)D₃ were lower in DM group than obese group (P＜0.05); The levels of H₂S and 25-(OH)D₃ were lower in IFG combined with IGT group than obese group and IGT group (P＜0.05).The levels of serum H₂S and 25-(OH)D₃ was negatively correlated with 0 h PG,2 h PG and HBALC (P<0.05). The level of serum H₂S was positively correlated with 25-(OH)D₃(P<0.05). Conclusion Serum levels of H₂S and 25-(OH)D₃ are closely associated with glucose tolerance in obese children and it may develop into a risk factor when the levels decrease obviously.

Preliminary evaluation of Chinese version of Baby Eating Behavior Questionnaire

ZHANG Hao,YANG Xian-jun,JIANG Xun,YUAN Jing,XU Tong,SHANG Lei

2018, 26(9):  960-963.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-09-09

Asbtract ( )   PDF (723KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To revise the Baby Eating Behavior Questionnaire (BEBQ) developed by Llewellyn CH into Chinese version,and to evaluate its reliability and validity. Methods The Chinese version of BEBQ was formed through the translation and back-translation process,and was revised according the experts'opinion in May 2012. Mothers of 300 infants under 12 months were selected from the outpatient of department of pediatrics in two large hospitals in Xi'an,and 50 mothers were randomly selected from the 300 infants' mothers for a re-test analysis after two weeks. Face to face survey was carried out by using the Chinese version of BEBQ. Reliability,validity and discrimination of the questionnaire were evaluated. Results The Chinese version BEBQ consisted of 15 items,including four dimensions like responsiveness to food,enjoyment of food,slowness in eating and satiety responsiveness,and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 58.4%. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.93,the Guttman split-half reliability was 0.87,and the test-retest reliability was 0.75. Conclusion The Chinese version of BEBQ has good reliability and validity,which can be used as a scale for evaluating the baby's appetite through the eating behavior of exclusive milk-feeding period in China.

Analysis of prevalence of abdominal obesity in Chinese Han students aged 7~18 from 2010 to 2014 and related factors of abdominal obesity

YANG Zhong-ping,YANG Zhao-geng,ZOU Zhi-yong,MA Jun

2018, 26(9):  964-968.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-09-10

Asbtract ( )   PDF (592KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To analyze the prevalence of abdominal obesity in Chinese Han students aged 7~18 in 2010 and 2014,and to explore the influencing factors of abdominal obesity. Methods Han students aged 7~18 years from Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health in 2010 and 2014 were included. After screening students lacking waist or height information and students with abnormal waist or waist-to-height ratio,finally 228 562 students were analyzed. Waist cut-off standards in China and waist-to-height ratio cut-off (≥0.5) were used to classify abdominal obesity. Questionnaires were used to collect information about influencing factors. t-test and χ² test were used to analyze the difference of abdominal obesity in 2010 and 2014,and Logistic regressive model was used to analyze the influencing factors. Results The average waist and waist-to-height ratio of Chinese Han students aged 7~18 years in 2010 were (64.96±9.79)cm and 0.428±0.048. The average waist and waist-to-height ratio in 2014 were (65.90±10.07)cm and 0.434±0.051, which were higher than those in 2010 (P<0.001). The prevalence of abdominal obesity of Chinese Han students significantly increased from 2010 to 2014 (by waist cut-off: 13.84%<17.13%,by waist-to-height ratio: 8.91%<11.23%,both P<0.001). In 2014,the prevalence of abdominal obesity among boys was higher than that of girls,urban students higher than rural students,students from middle and eastern China was higher than those from western China,students in low age higher than the older ones (P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that boys (OR=2.37,95%CI: 2.26~2.48),urban area (OR=1.25,95%CI: 1.20~1.31),eastern and middle regions (east: OR=1.29,95%CI: 1.22~1.37; middle: OR=1.08,95%CI: 1.02~1.15),7~9 and 10~12 years (7~9: OR=1.89,95%CI: 1.77~2.03; 10~12: OR=2.07,95%CI: 1.89~2.26),having breakfast less than 3~5 times/per week (OR=1.17,95%CI: 1.07~1.28),unwillingness for long-distance running (OR=1.72,95%CI: 1.64~1.80),TV time ≥1 hour/per day (OR=1.06,95%CI: 1.01~1.13) were the risk factors of abdominal obesity(all P<0.05 or<0.01). Sleep duration,exercise duration/per day,homework duration/per day were not related to the prevalence of abdominal obesity (all P>0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of abdominal obesity of Chinese Han students aged 7~18 years significantly increased from 2010 to 2014.Abdominal obesity in studerts can be affected by multiple influencing factors, and thus comprehensive intervention for obesity should be factor-targeted.

Research advances on soluble transferrin receptor for diagnosing iron deficiency in children

YANG Ying, GAO Zhen-yan, YAN Chong-huai

2018, 26(9):  969-972.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-09-11

Asbtract ( )   PDF (546KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Iron deficiency (ID) continues to be a public health concern worldwide. Among children in the developing world, ID is the most common single-nutrient deficiency, with potentially severe consequences on child neurodevelopment and behavior. Therefore, pediatricians and other healthcare providers should strive to eliminate iron deficiency, the early diagnosis and treatment of the ID are of great value. Soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) is sensitive to the inadequate delivery of iron to bone marrow and tissue, and is not affected by inflammation. Compared with other methods for screening for ID, sTfR has unique advantage. This review summarizes the use of sTfR for the diagnosis of ID in children, in order to provide reference for early diagnosis of ID in children.

Research progress on diagnosis and treatment of milk protein allergy in infants

JIANG Li-jing,YANG Shu-fen

2018, 26(9):  973-976.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-09-12

Asbtract ( )   PDF (542KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective Milk formulae is the main source of food protein for infants in addition to breastfeeding, so cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is the most common type of food allergy. Its symptoms are diverse and not specific, therefore the diagnosis and treatment of CMPA is still a challenge at present. A challenge test is considered as the golden standard diagnostic test of CMPA. The Cow's milk related symptom score (CoMiSS^TM) may be a valid diagnostic tool. Breastfeeding is the best way to feed baby. Guidelines recommend eHF as the first option, while AAF is reserved for the most severe cases. Oral immunotherapy remains an investigational treatment to be further studied before advancing into clinical practice. The administration of probiotics may contribute to the efficacy of an elimination diet in CMPA and accelerate the acquisition of tolerance. Literature was searched and reviewed in this study to find the diagnosis and treatment of CMPA, in order to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of CMPA.

Research advances on clinical assessment tools for developmental coordination disorder

CUI Wei ,LIN Sen-ran , GU Gui-xiong, HUA Jing

2018, 26(9):  977-980.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-09-13

Asbtract ( )   PDF (539KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Developmental coordination disorder(DCD) is one of the most common disorders among school-age children. DCD children are reported to have coordination handicaps, impaired movement and perceptual difficulties, but their intelligence development can be normal. The importance of movement is often overlooked because it is considered a natural part of human life. However, it is crucial to children's physical, cognitive and social development. If DCD children are not timely intervened, there will be many secondary disorders. A number of tools have been developed that focus on identifying the presence and extent of movement skill deficit. This article makes a comprehensive comparison of five commonly used assessment tools for DCD screening in the scope of application, reliability and validity, advantages and disadvantages, in order to provide clues for early screening, clinical diagnosis and intervention of DCD.

Research progress on metabolic bone disease of prematurity

SONG Ying-dong,WANG Li-ping, XU Ding, LI Yan-ping, JIANG Chun-qian, SUN Ni

2018, 26(9):  981-984.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-09-14

Asbtract ( )   PDF (613KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Metabolic bone disease (MBD) of prematurity is defined as disorder of diminished bone mineralization,leading to bone changes, decrease of bone trabecular and cortex of bone. There are no typical clinical symptoms or sensitive and specific examination indicators in the early stage of the disease. While serious complications have occurred in later diagnosis, such as rickets or pathological fracture. So it is important to discover,diagnose and treat early. This paper focuses on the publications in recent years to summarize the background,influencing factors,clinical manifestation,diagnosis,treatment and prevention measures of MBD.

Meta-analysis of caesarean section may increase the risk of childhood allergic diseases

HU Fang, LU Jian-jun, HU Yan, XING Yan-fei, JIANG Lin, LIU Hui-yan, MA Ying, LIN Sui-fang

2018, 26(9):  985-990.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-09-15

Asbtract ( )   PDF (764KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To analyze the correlation between caesarean section and allergic diseases in childhood by conducting a meta-analysis, in order to provide evidence for the prevention of childhood allergic diseases. Methods Literatures published till 5th September, 2017 were searched in five databases, and were retrieved, filtered, incorporated and analyzed according to the preset standard.Meta-analysis was performed by using Rev Man 5.3 software.The corresponding effect model was selected according to the heterogeneity results and subgroup analysis was performed. Results Totally 63 studies were included, the sample size was 4 818 347.Compared with natural birth, caesarean section significantly increased the risks of having asthma, food allergy, allergic conjunctivitis, inhalation allergy, wheezing and hay fever in children by 19%, 31%, 14%, 29%, 4% and 16%, respectively(P＜0.05).Subgroup analysis showed that cesarean section did not increase the risk of asthma in children under 3 years old, while other subgroups were statistically significant (P<0.05).Caesarean section was associated with children's wheezing among the subgroups of cohort study(OR=1.05,95%CI:1.01～1.08),questionnaire(parents reported symptoms)(OR=1.07,95%CI:1.01～1.14)and parents without allergic diseases(OR=1.05, 95%CI:1.00～1.10). Conclusion Caesarean section increases the risk of allergic diseases in childhood, so it is necessary to strengthen maternal health education and obstetric management to guarantee healthy life of children.

Preliminary study on the difference analysis of urine metabolitesat birth in preterm infants with retinopathy of prematurity

CAI Yao, LEI Hui, HAO Hu, YANG Qiu-ping, LI Fei, GU Xia, LI Si-tao

2018, 26(9):  991-994.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-09-16

Asbtract ( )   PDF (831KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To analyze the composition and differences of important metabolites/products in premature infants without retinopathy of prematurity(non-ROP) and premature infants with retinopathy of prematurity(ROP), in order to find biomarkers closely related to the development of ROP. Methods Totally 21 premature infants with gestational age of 27~34 weeks and diagnosed with ROP in the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University were enrolled as experimental group, and 21 premature infants without ROP were selected as control group from January 2013 to December 2016. Urine samples of the participants were collected and the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectometry (GC/MS)was used to generate the urine metabolites results.Data collected were subjected to the metabolomics analysis by using the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis to search for the considerable biomarkers. Results The urine metabolites from the ROP group and the non-ROP group displayed a clearly differentiated metabolic profiles.Ten metabolites were identified which possessed the biggest weight discriminating the ROP group from the non-ROP group in the pattern of recognizing process combined with the metabolites score plot with variable importance plot. ROP group had lower levels of methionine,3-amino-isobutyric acid and hippuric acid,while the level of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid were significantly higher in the ROP group (all P＜0.05). Conclusion Urine metabolites including methionine,3-amino-isobutyric acid, hippuric acid and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid can be selected as the biological markers for the early diagnosis of ROP.

Application of the Chinese Version of the Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test in the rehabilitation of spastic cerebral palsy

LIU Peng, GONG Zun-ke, CHEN Wei, ZHANG Ming, SU Chun, MA Li-li, SHAO Lei, ZHANG Yu-ming, ZHANG Ya-nan

2018, 26(9):  995-997.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-09-17

Asbtract ( )   PDF (628KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To apply the Chinese Version of the Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test (Ch-QUEST) in the rehabilitation fine motor training of children with spastic cerebral palsy, and to evaluate its value in clinical application. Methods A total of 40 children with spastic cerebral palsy were recruited and randomly divided into observation and control group with 20 cases in each group. Both groups received routine occupational therapy,and the observation group was given demonstration game based on the Ch-QUEST manual additionally. The plans would be modified every month. Peabody Developmental Motor Scale-Fine Motor (PDMS-FM) and Fine Motor Function Measure (FMFM) were used to evaluate the function of children in two groups before and 3 months after intervention. Results Before treatment,there were no significant differences on raw scores of PDMS-FM and FMFM between observation and control group(P＞0.05). After 3-months treatment,the raw scores of PDMS-FM and FMFM improved significnatly in both groups(P＜0.05).Moreover,the scores were significantly higher in observation group than in control group(P＜0.05). Conclusion The training program based on the guidance of Ch-QUEST is effective clinically on improving fine motor skills in children with spastic cerebral palsy.

Study on the variation tendency of the discrepancy in physique between rural and urban elementary and secondary school students in Wuhan

WAN Qiong, QIAN Jian-long

2018, 26(9):  998-1001.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-09-18

Asbtract ( )   PDF (583KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To know about the development trend of the discrepancy in physique between rural and urban elementary and secondary school students in Wuhan over the past thirty years, in order to provide scientific basis for narrowing the gap between rural and urban areas. Methods Data of 22 430 rural and urban students in Wuhan who took part in the research on physical quality and health of national students in 1985, 1995, 2005 and 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. And these students were divided into four categories: urban male, rural male, urban female and rural female groups. Also, students aged 7~12, 13~15 and 16~18 were selected as primary school group, middle school group and high school group, respectively. The mean value and the mean difference of height, weight, and chest circumference of male and female students from urban and rural areas in these groups were calculated respectively. Results The variation tendency of rural and urban male students' physique over the past 30 years was: urban students in lead to urban advantage expandedand the to urban advantage diminished. For example, the difference on the height of boys in primary school is from 4.3 cm to 5.4 cm, and to 3.1 cm on average. The difference on the weight of boys in high school was from 1.8 kg to 7.2 kg, and to 6.2 kg on average. The variation tendency of rural and urban female students' physique over the past 30 years was urban students in lead to urban advantage expanded and the to urban and rural areas gradually got closer. For example, the difference on the height of boys in primary school was from 4.3 cm to 5.4 cm, and to 3.1 cm on average. The difference on weight of girls in primary school was from 1.9 kg to 3.7 kg to 1.2 kg on average, and the difference on chest circumference was from 0.9 cm to 3.3 cm to 0.8 cm on average. The level of physique development of rural male students had not overtaken that of urban male students, while physique development of rural female students had gradually approached that of urban female students. Conclusion Rural economic development should be prompted, and rural students' health education is suggested to be strengthened, so that a synchronized and harmonious development of rural and urban students will be facilitated.

Study on the growth and development of children under 7 years old in Xi'an over the past 30 years

XIANG Xiao-mei,ZHANG Li,YANG Wu-yue,ZANG Bao-cai,MA Guo-yan,
WEI Jiao-jie,SONG Hui,SHI Miao,NAN Yan-mei,LIU Ji-feng

2018, 26(9):  1002-1005.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-09-19

Asbtract ( )   PDF (668KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To study the trend of children's growth and development in Xi'an,and to analyze the main problems in order to provide scientific basis for formulating interventions of child health care. Methods The dynamic changes of body weight,height,head circumference,sitting height and chest circumference of children in Xi'an over the past 30 years were analyzed. Physical development indicators of children in Xi'an were compared with the national average level. Results Children's weight,height,sitting height, had increased significantly over the past 30 years in Xi'an, and head circumference and chest circumference had slightly increased. The main indicators of children's growth and development in Xi'an significantly increased,and the growth rate in Xi'an was greater than that in national area. Conclusions The growth and development of children in Xi'an has significantly improved over the past 30 years. In the future,more attention should be paid to the main growth and development of children, as well as the growth and development index and other indicators,in order to better promote children's healthy development.

Efficacy analysis of discharge planning based on Peplau's interpersonal relationship in children with type I diabetes

HUANG Hong-yu,WU Jin,LUO Bi-ru,MA Gui-fen,QIN Yan

2018, 26(9):  1006-1009.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-09-20

Asbtract ( )   PDF (701KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the effect of discharge planning under the guidance of Peplau interpersonal theory in children with type Ⅰ diabetes. Methods A total of 78 children with type Ⅰ diabetes from the department of pediatric endocrinology in a top three hospital from July 2014 to July 2016 were selected as the participants,and were divided into two groups with 39 children in each group. Routine group was given convention care,and the experimental group implemented a discharge planning based on Peplau's interpersonal relationship theory. The level of HbA1c,main caregivers' knowledge on diabetes and the rate of re-hospitalization between the two groups on the second day of admission,at discharge,at 1 month after discharge,at 6 months after discharge were compared; The rate of passing HbA1c at different time points in the experimental group was compared; The scores of caregivers' knowledge between the two groups at different time points were compared. Results The passing rate of HbA1c in observation group was significantly higher than that in routine group (P<0.05); And the passing rate of HbA1cb of observation group on 1 day before discharge,1 month after discharge and 6 months after discharge were significantly different (P<0.001); The knowledge scores of the observation group at different time points before and after the intervention were significantly difference (P<0.05);The re-hospitalization rate of the two groups were not significantly different (P>0.05). Conclusions The discharge plan based on Peplau's interpersonal relationship theory can meet the clinical needs of children with type I diabetes,improve the level of long-term blood glucose control. It is worth promoting because of its good effect.

Growth development and nutritional status assessment of children under 3 years old using Z scorein economic and technological development district in Anqing

MA Wen-na, ZHANG Xiu-jun

2018, 26(9):  1010-1012.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-09-21

Asbtract ( )   PDF (734KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To know about the growth status of children under 3 years old in economic and technological development district in Anqing, and to provide reference for local health care work of children. Methods Stratified random sampling method was used to selected children under 3 years old in each street of the development zone with 1∶1 ratio of boys to girls. And finally 2 793 valid data were collected. Results The mean value of WHZ, WAZ and HAZ in children of 0 year old,1 year old and 2 years old were close to WHO standard. There were significant differences on the mean value of WHZ, WAZ and HAZ in children at age of different months(P＜0.05). The mean value of WHZ of boys was higher than that of girls, and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05). Overweight/obesity rate of boys was significantly higher than that of girls(P＜0.05). Conclusions The growth and development status of children under 3 years old in economic and technological development district in Anqing is generally good. However, overweight and obesity have been the most serious problem at present, especially in boys.

Study on the relationship between bone mineral density and plasma lipid profiles in infants aged 6~12 months

LUO Zhi-hong,XIAO Xin

2018, 26(9):  1013-1016.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-09-22

Asbtract ( )   PDF (745KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To study the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and plasma lipid profiles in infants aged 6~12 months,in order to provide guidance for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in infants. Methods Totally 164 individuals aged 6~12 months were randomly selected from infants undergoing regular physical examination in Maternal and Children's Health Care Hospital of Sanshui District from July 2015 to July 2016. Ultrasound BMD detection and plasma lipid tests were administrated. And participants were divided into 4 groups according to the results of ultrasound BMD, including 30 infants of normal BMD, 50 infants of mild BMD deficiency, 50 infants of moderate BMD deficiency, and 34 infants of severe BMD deficiency. The body length, weight and lipids profiles were compared among all groups. Pearson correlation test was used to analyze the correlation between Z value of BMD and age, body weight, body length, and blood lipid levels. Results There were significant differences on body length, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels in infants among the four groups. Among them, TG level was significantly lower in group with abnormal BMD than in normal group. Pearson correlation analysis showed that Z value of BMD was positively correlated with male gender, age, body length, body weight, TC, LDL-C and TG levels (all P<0.05). Multi-linear regression revealed that TG remained significantly correlated with BMD Z value (β=0.549, P=0.002) after adjusted for age, gender, body weight, body length and TC. Conclusions The level of BMD in infants and young children is closely related to blood lipid levels and body length. So controlling the intake of saturated fatty acids rationally is of great significance to the growth and development as well as osteoporosis prevention in infants.

Physical health status of children aged 3 to 6 in Soochow

CHEN Xing, SONG Yuan, YE Kan

2018, 26(9):  1017-1020.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-09-23

Asbtract ( )   PDF (663KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To understand the status of physical fitness of 3 to 6-year old-children in Soochow, and to analyze the test results to find problems, in order to provide more scientific basis for facilitating of physical fitness. Method A total of 4 341 children aged 3~6 were selected to conduct physical test according to random cluster sampling methods in 2017, and their shape-indexes, quality indexes were analyzed. Results The growth and development of body shape, physical fitness in preschool children in Soochow was in accordance with the basic rules. Totally 92.1% of the 3 to 6-year old children (boys: 90.2%, girls:94.2%) in Soochow achieved physical development standards, and showed the trend that strong in girls and weak in boys(P＜0.01). The age difference on physique index except sit and reach (SR) of 3 to 6-year-old children in Soochow was significant(P＜0.01).The height and body weight were significantly higher than those of female children at the same age. For physical quality, the upper body strength, the sinews of belly and agility of male children were better than those of female children(P＜0.05), but the flexibility ability were contrast(P＜0.05). The height and body weight were higher than the national averages(P＜0.01), but a lot of physique index were lower than the whole country slightly. There were no significant differences on height (P=0.1)and the ten-meter dash(P=0.59) between public and private kindergartens, but other physique index of children in private kindergartens were superior to that of children in public kindergartens(P＜0.01). Conclusions The physical fitness level of preschool children in Soochow is unsatisfying. Effective physical activity is suggested to be done with the consideration of their physical characteristics to improve physical fitness.

Research on the predictive validity of general movement assessment technologyin motor developmental retardation of 6 months infants

DING Yan-shu,GUO Hai-bin,HAN Guang-yan,ZHANG Qin-fen,JIANG Jia-jia

2018, 26(9):  1021-1024.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-09-24

Asbtract ( )   PDF (611KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To study the clinical application of the general movement assessment technology in motor developmental retardation. Methods A total of 93 infants included in Rehabilitation Department of Children's Hospital of Changzhou from January 1st of 2016 to June 31st of 2017 were assessed by general movement assessment technology and were followed to the age of 6 months. The motor development outcomes of the infants at the age of 6 months were determined according to PDMS-2. The predictive validity of the general movement for the motor developmental outcome was calculated. Results Totally 93 infants' motor developmental outcomes were assessed at 6 months using PDMS-2. Eight infants were assessed with motor developmental retardation, and the other 85 infants' results were normal. The predictive value of abnormal writhing general movements(CS+PR) for motor developmental retardation was as following: sensitivity validity 100%, specificity validity 58.7%, positive predictive value 20.8%, and negative predictive value 100%. The predictive value of cramped-synchronized general movements for motor developmental retardation was as following: sensitivity validity 60.0%, specificity validity 93.5%, positive predictive value 50.0%, and negative predictive value 95.6%.The predictive value of absence of fidgety movements for motor developmental retardation was as following: sensitivity validity 100%, specificity validity 84.3%, positive predictive value 38.9%, and negative predictive value 100%. Conclusion The general movement assessment technology can be used as an effective tool for screening motor developmental retardation infants.

Effect of vitamin A on the count and classification of leukocyte of children aged 4~6

ZHANG Zhen-hong, NI Ming, HU Yuan

2018, 26(9):  1025-1027.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-09-25

Asbtract ( )   PDF (444KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To know about the status of vitamin A deficiency of 4 to 6-year-old children in Dongguan city, and the effects of vitamin A on count and classification of leukocyte. Methods A sampling survey was used to selected healthy children aged 4~6 in this study, and full blood differential counts were determined by blood routine examination,vitamin A concentration were tested by High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC). Results The percentage of vitamin A deficiency was 34.97%(539/1 687). The count of eosinophils, basophils and mononuclear cells of boys was higher than thase of girls. The number of monocytes and lymphocytes decreased with age. The count of lymphocyte in vitamin A deficiency group was less than that of vitamin A normal group in 4-year-old and 6-year-old children. While the count of neutrophils was higher in the vitamin A deficiency group than that of the vitamin A normal group in 5-year-old children. Conclusion The situation of vitamin A deficiency in preschool children in Dongguan city is still serious, and the vitamin A deficiency can affect the count of lymphocyte and neutrophils.

Analysis of current status and influencing factors for growth and development of 0 to 1-year-old infants of Gelao nationality

LU Wei-qun,ZHAO Lie

2018, 26(9):  1028-1031.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-09-26

Asbtract ( )   PDF (738KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To analyze the current status and influencing factors for growth and development of 0 to 1-year-old infants of Gelao nationality,and to provide scientific reference for promoting the healthy growth and development of infants. Methods A total of 306 Gelao infants and their mothers from 7 minority villages of Wuchuan County were enrolled in this study from1st November, 2012 to 1st November,2013,and took physical examination and follow up for one year. SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results The postpartum breastfeeding rate within 24 hours was 92.4%,the breastfeeding rate declined to 27.5% when infants was 6 months old. The average weight and length of Gelao boys were higher than those of girls,while the mean head circumference of boys was lower than that of girl infants at 6 months old (P<0.05).The weight of 3-month-old infants was lower than that of WHO standards (P<0.05).The average score of mothers'knowledge on maternal and child health care was 4.1±1.36. The incidence of severe growth retardation and low birth weight showed some differences in female infants and male infants at each age group (P<0.05). The incidence of severe growth retardation in male infants aged 3~8 months was higher than that in female infants. But there were no significant differences on the incidence of moderate to severe low head circumference and waist circumstance between male and female infants (all P>0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that growth and development of Gelao infants were influenced by gender,household annual income,fathers'education background,mothers'maternal and child health knowledge and food supplement (P<0.05). Conclusions There is still a gap on the growth and development between Gelao and WHO standards. And appropriate feedback should be given to improve healthy growth and development of infants.

Multivariate logistic regression analysis on risk factors of overweight/obesity of preschool children in Shunyi district

LIU Ya-jing, LIU Chao, XIANG Zheng, LIANG Ai-min

2018, 26(9):  1035-1037.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-09-28

Asbtract ( )   PDF (457KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To explore epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of overweight/obesity among preschool children in Shunyi district, and to provide scientific basis of prevention and clinical intervention for obesity in children. Methods A total of 1 238 preschool children aged 3~7 were selected as participants from 5 kindergartens in Shunyi district via clustered-random sampling from September to November 2017. Weight and height of subjects were measured. A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate risk factors of obesity in children, and related risk factors were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression. Results Overweight and obesity rates of preschool children in Shunyi district were 13.3% and 15.2%,respectively.Multivariate Logisitic regression analysis showed that cesarean birth(OR=1.333, 95%CI:1.032~1.722),father overweight/obesity ((OR=1.723, 95%CI:1.293~2.295)), mother overweight/obesity (OR=1.617, 95%CI:1.234~2.119), fast eating (OR=1.403, 95%CI:1.125~1.748) were independent risk factors of overweight/obesity in preschool children. Average outdoor activity time more than 2 hours was protective factor for children overweight/obesity (OR=0.649, 95%CI:0.549~0.771). Conclusion Overweight/obesity in preschool children is caused by multiple factors. Comprehensive prevention and control measures with parents joined should be developed to reduce the incidence of overweight/obesity in preschool children.

Application of automated auditory brainstem response combined with acoustic immitance testing in infants with suspected hearing loss

LIU Min, LI Xiao-lu , ZHANG Lu , LIU Peng-li

2018, 26(9):  1038-1041.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-09-29

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1243KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate application value of automated auditory brainstem response (AABR) combined with acoustic immitance testing in hearing screening. Method Tympanometry and AABR were performed to 558 infants with suspected hearing loss and patients with suspected sensorineural hearing loss received hearing diagnosing routinely from Jan.2013 to Dec.2016. Results Among 1 116 ears, 504 ears passed joint screening initially, 79 ears reexamined after one month, 20 ears judged to be normal by hearing diagnosis. Eventually, 11 ears were diagnosed with secretory otitis media,46 ears as eustachian tube dysfunction,and 456 ears as sensorineural hearing loss. Conclusions Tympanometry could be used as an assisted way of hearing screening. AABR combined with tympanometry screening is helpful for early diagnosis and early intervention, and is worth to be popularized.