Abstract: Objective To develop a phonological awareness assessment scale suitable for Mandarin-speaking children aged 5-8 in China, and to examine its reliability and validity, so as to provide a scientific tool for the early clinical identification and intervention of children with reading difficulties. Methods The scale framework and items were constructed, followed by revisions through expert consultation, small-sample pilot testing, and preliminary predictive studies.Standardized audio recording processing and a playback program were also developed.Using a multi-stage sampling method, 298 children aged 5-8 were included to evaluate the scale′s reliability and validity. Results The final phonological awareness assessment scale consisted of 58 items across five dimensions.Reliability tests showed that the Cronbach′s α coefficients for each dimension ranged from 0.728 to 0.890, and test-retest reliability ranged from 0.632 to 0.760.Content validity was ensured through dual strategies of expert consultation and small-sample pilot testing.In terms of validity, construct validity analysis indicated that scores across all dimensions of the phonological awareness scale increased with age (Z=3.036, H values: 82.958-127.472, P<0.05).Using the rapid automatized naming test as the criterion tool, scores in syllable, onset, rime, and tone awareness showed significant negative correlations with naming time (r values:-0.343 to -0.617, P<0.05). Conclusions The Children′s Phonological Awareness Assessment Scale is suitable for Mandarin-speaking children aged 5-8, demonstrating good reliability and validity.It provides a theoretical basis for the early identification and intervention of children with reading difficulties.

Key words: phonological awareness, scale development, reliability and validity, children

摘要： 目的 编制适用于我国5~8岁汉语普通话儿童的语音意识评估量表,并进行信效度检验,为临床早期识别与干预阅读困难儿童提供科学工具。方法 构建量表框架及条目,通过专家咨询、小样本预调查、预测研究对量表进行修订,并进行标准化录音处理和开发播放录音程序。采用多阶段抽样方法,纳入298名5~8岁儿童,对量表进行信效度检验。结果 儿童语音意识评估量表下设5个维度,共58个测试条目。信度检验结果显示,量表各维度的Cronbach′s α系数为0.728~0.890,重测信度为0.632~0.760;内容效度通过专家咨询和小样本预调查双重策略得以保证;效度方面,结构效度分析显示语音意识量表各维度得分随年龄增长而增加(Z=3.036,H值:82.958~127.472,P＜0.05);以快速命名测试作为效标工具,显示音节、声母、韵母、声调意识得分与快速命名测试命名时间呈显著负相关(r值:-0.343~-0.617, P＜0.05)。结论 儿童语音意识评估量表适用于5~8岁汉语普通话儿童,信效度良好,为阅读困难儿童的早期识别与早期干预提供科学工具与理论依据。

关键词: 语音意识, 量表编制, 信效度, 儿童