Abstract: Objective To analyze the latent classes of family nurturing environments among urban preschool children and their association with child neglect, in order to provide evidence for targeted interventions to prevent child neglect. Methods From July to December 2023, a convenience cluster sampling method was used to select 425 parents of urban preschool children in Qingdao, Shandong Province. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire, the Chinese Urban Neglect Scale for 3 - 6-year-old children, the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form, the Preschool Parents′ Rearing Attitudes Questionnaire, and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was performed to classify family rearing environments. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify influencing factors, and mixed-effects regression models were employed to analyze the association between different rearing environment classes and child neglect. Results The family rearing environments of urban preschool children were categorized into three latent classes: low stress - high resilience (47.8%), moderate stress - moderate resilience (46.3%), and high stress - low resilience (5.9%). Significant differences in child neglect severity were observed across these classes (χ²＝207.694, P<0.001).Compared to the low stress - high resilience group, families with less father-child interaction time were more likely to fall into the moderate stress - moderate resilience group (OR＝0.745, 95%CI: 0.635 - 0.874, P<0.001), while those with less mother-child interaction time were more likely to belong to the high stress - low resilience group(OR＝0.707, 95%CI: 0.510 - 0.981,P<0.05) and lower maternal education levels were less likely to belong to the high stress - low resilience group(OR＝0.345, 95%CI: 0.121 - 0.984,P<0.05). Conclusions Family nurturing environments of urban preschool children can be classified into three distinct categories, with varying degrees of child neglect. Community healthcare providers should develop tailored interventions to enhance parent-child interaction time and improve nurturing environments, thereby reducing the risk of child neglect.

Key words: child neglect, family nurturing environment, latent profile analysis, preschool children

摘要： 目的 分析城区学龄前儿童家庭养育环境的潜在类别及其与儿童忽视的关系,为制定预防儿童忽视的针对性干预措施提供依据。 方法 采用方便整群抽样方法选取2023年7—12月山东省青岛市425名城区学龄前儿童父母,采用一般资料调查表、中国城区3~6岁儿童忽视评价常模量表、养育压力量表简表、学龄前儿童父母教养观念问卷和家庭亲密度与适应性量表进行问卷调查。对家庭养育环境类别进行潜在剖面分析,采用多因素logistic 回归分析相关影响因素,并通过混合回归模型分析不同家庭养育环境类别对儿童忽视的影响。 结果 城区学龄前儿童家庭养育环境可分为低压力-高弹力组(47.8%),中压力-中弹力组(46.3%),高压力-低弹性组(5.9%)。不同养育环境类别的儿童忽视程度差异有统计学意义(χ²=207.694,P<0.001)。与低压力-高弹性组比较,父子互动时间越少的家庭环境越可能进入中压力-中弹性组(OR=0.745,95%CI: 0.635~0.874,P<0.001),母子互动时间越少的家庭环境越可能进入高压力-低弹性组(OR=0.707,95%CI:0.510~0.981,P<0.05),母亲文化程度越低的家庭环境进入高压力-低弹性组的可能越小(OR=0.345,95%CI:0.121~0.984,P<0.05)。结论 城区学龄前儿童家庭养育环境可分为3个类别,不同类别忽视程度存在差异。建议社区护理人员针对不同类型的家庭,制订个性化干预策略,增加亲子互动时间,改善养育环境以降低儿童忽视发生率。

关键词: 儿童忽视, 家庭养育环境, 潜在剖面分析, 学龄前儿童