【Objective】 To analyse risk factors of neonates hearing loss. 【Methods】 Hearing diagnosis were performed among those neonates who failed second screening, acoustic impedance, distort product otoacoustic emission and auditory brainstem response were used to complete diagnosis. The diagnosis time was beneath 3 months age. 【Results】 Different degrees of hearing loss (including conductive hearing loss initiated by secretory otitis media) were detected in 256 neonates, serious hearing loss rate was 1.45‰. The occurrence rate of secretory otitis media was higher in hearing loss group than that in normal hearing group(χ²=57.18,P<0.001). Multivariate condition Logistic regression showed that family history was independent risk factor of hearing loss during case control study. 【Conclusions】 Half of hearing loss neonates were found secretory otitis media among the first diagnosis, family history is risk factor of neonates hearing loss. Maternal and Child Health Missions should be emphasized.