【Objective】 To determine the characteristics in motivational domain of delay aversion in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD). 【Methods】 One hundred children with ADHD and 100 healthy controls matched in age, gender, grade, handedness were measured with neuropsychological tests concerning the domain of delay aversion(i.e, choice delay tasks). The performance was compared using multivariate analysis of variance(MANOVA) and MACOVA with FIQ controlled for between two groups. 【Results】 The omnibus MANOVA of the primary neuropsychological variables revealed a large group effect with P=0.009. The ANOVAs of each test showed that children with ADHD preferred choosing one-point circle with 2-second delayed reward to two-point circle with 30-second delayed reward(P=0.013) than healthy controls and the reaction time was longer(P=0.027)in choice delay task 1. The results remainded unchanged arter controlling for FIQ. The results indicated that children with ADHD had a behavioural tendency of greater preference for smaller-immediate over larger-delayed rewards. There were no significant difference between ADHD group and healthy controls in CDT2. 【Conclusions】 There are significant delay aversion in children with ADHD. Delay aversin may be a causal mechanism associated with ADHD.
Key words
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder /
delay aversion /
choice impulsivity
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
References
[1] Sonuga-Barke EJ. Psychological heterogeneity in AD/HD-a dual pathway model of behaviour and cognition[J]. Behavioural Brain Research,2002,130(1-2):29-36.
[2] Solanto MV, Abikoff H, Sonuga-Barke E, et al. The ecological validity of delay aversion and response inhibition as measures of impulsivity in AD/HD: A supplement to the NIMH multimodal treatment study of AD/HD[J]. J Abnorm Child Psychol,2001,29(3):215-228.
[3] Van Goozen SHM, Cohen-Kettenis PT, Snoek H, et al. Executive functioning in children: a comparison of hospitalised ODD and ODD/ADHD children and normal controls[J]. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry,2004,45(2):284-292.
[4] PaloyelisY, Asherson P, Kuntsi J. Are ADHD symptoms associated with delay aversion or choice impulsivity? A general population study[J]. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry,2009,48(8):837-846.
[5] Marco R, Miranda A, Schlotz W, et al. Delay and reward choice in ADHD: An experimental test of the role of delay aversion[J]. Neuropsychology,2009,23(3):367-380.
[6] Thorell LB. Do delay aversion and executive function deficits make distinct contributions to the functional impact of ADHD symptoms? A study of early academic skill deficits[J]. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,2007,48(11):1061-1070.
[7] Vloet TD, Marx V, Kahraman-Lanzerath B, et al. Neurocognitive performance in children with ADHD and OCD[J]. J Abnorm Child Psychol,2010,38(7):961-969.
[8] Scheres A, Lee A, Sumiya M. Temporal reward discounting and ADHD: task and symptom specific effects[J]. J Neural Transm,2008,115(2):221-226.
[9] Lambek R, Tannock R, Dalsgaard S, et al. Validating neuropsychological subtypes of ADHD: how do children with and without an executive function deficit differ?[J]. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,2010,51(8):895-904.
[10] Scheres A, Milham MP, Knutson B, et al. Ventral striatal hyporesponsiveness during reward anticipation in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder[J]. Biol Psychiatry,2007,61(5):720-724.
PDF(658 KB)
