Abstract: Objective To examine difference on the prevalence and related factors of anxiety symptoms between migrant preschoolers and local preschoolers. Methods A total of 1 513 preschoolers aged 3—6 years and their parents were recruited from 3 kindergartens for local children in Shanghai and Jiangsu province and 3 kindergartens for migrant children in Shanghai by convenient cluster sampling.Parents were requested to fill out the questionnaire.The anxiety symptoms were assessed by Spence Preschooler Anxiety Scale,and rearing environment was assessed by Index of Child Care Environment scale.Multiple linear regression was applied to analyse the data. Results The migrant children showed higher mean scores for each subscale of generalized anxiety,social anxiety and separation anxiety than local children.There were 2.77%(42/1 513) preschoolers displayed significant anxiety symptoms,and migrant children were found with more anxiety symptoms than local children(χ²=7.95,P<0.01).The rates for general anxiety,social anxiety,and separation anxiety were 3.16%,3.82% and 3.89%,respectively.Migrant children were found with more separation anxiety symptoms than local children(χ²=6.82,P<0.01).Multiple regression analysis showed that parents' daily engagements(β=-0.14) and child rearing support(β=-0.08) were positively associated with preschoolers' anxiety symptoms,while punishment was negatively related to children's anxiety symptoms(β=0.49).The interactive effect of children's type and parenting practices was also significantly associated with anxiety symptoms(β=0.11,-0.12,P<0.05). Conclusion Increasing high quality daily engagement with children and child rearing support,reducing punishment may contribute to less anxiety symptoms in preschoolers.

Key words: migrant children, preschoolers, anxiety, parenting behavior

摘要： 目的 了解城市地区的户籍与流动学龄前儿童焦虑症状的现况及相关因素,为学龄前儿童的焦虑问题防治以及改善流动儿童的心理健康状态的干预措施提供科学依据。方法 2017年6月采用方便整群抽样法,从3所户籍儿童幼儿园和3所流动儿童幼儿园,抽取3~6岁在园儿童1 513名。使用Spence学前儿童焦虑量表评估焦虑症状,养育环境评价量表评估养育行为。采用多元线性回归探讨学龄前儿童焦虑症状的相关因素。结果 流动儿童广泛性焦虑、社交焦虑和分离焦虑得分以及总焦虑得分均显著高于户籍儿童。总体焦虑症状的阳性检出率为2.77%(42/1 513),流动儿童高于户籍儿童(χ²=7.95,P<0.01)。广泛性焦虑、社交焦虑和分离性焦虑的症状阳性检出率分别为3.16%、3.82%和3.89%。其中,分离性焦虑症状的阳性检出率,流动儿童高于户籍儿童(χ²=6.82,P<0.01)。多因素回归分析显示,日常陪伴(β=-0.14,P<0.05)、育儿支持(β=-0.08,P<0.05)可减少学龄前儿童的焦虑症状,而惩罚(β=0.49,P<0.01)可增加儿童焦虑症状。儿童类型与家长养育行为的交互作用也与儿童焦虑水平密切相关(β=0.11,-0.12,P<0.05)。结论 高质量的日常陪伴、增加家庭成员之间的育儿支持,减少惩罚,可降低学龄前儿童焦虑的症状水平。

关键词: 流动儿童, 学龄前儿童, 焦虑, 养育行为