Abstract: Objective To investigate the impact of anxiety traits on social impairments in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD), in order to provide reference for the treatment of ADHD. Methods From June 2017 to December 2020, a total of 205 ADHD children and 53 healthy controls were recruited from Child Healthcare and Mental Health Center of Shenzhen Children's Hospital. According to their scores in the anxiety problem factor from the Conners Parent Rating Scales, ADHD children were divided into two subgroups: ADHD with a high level of anxiety trait(ADHD+ANX) and ADHD without high level of anxiety trait(ADHD-ANX). The WEISS functional impairment rating scale-Parent form(WEISS-P) was used to assess the multiple dimensional social functioning impairment in every participant. Mediation models were built to explore the interrelationships of anxiety level and social function impairment in ADHD children. Results Compared to the healthy controls, both ADHD groups scored higher in every sub-scale from the WEISS-P. In addition, the ADHD+ANX group displayed higher scores in the family, lift skill, social activity, and risk activity sub-scales from WEISS-P than the ADHD-ANX group. Anxiety level significantly mediated the social impairments in children with ADHD. Conclusions Some of the ADHD children display higher levels of anxiety despite no current diagnosis of any anxiety disorder. In addition, a higher level of anxiety is associated with more impaired social functioning.

Key words: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety traits, social function impariment, children

摘要： 目的 分析注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童的焦虑特征及其与社会功能损害的相关性,以期为ADHD儿童的治疗提供依据。方法 2017年6月—2020年12月,选取就诊于深圳市儿童医院儿童保健与心理健康门诊的205名ADHD患儿为研究对象。同时,选取53名健康儿童为对照。其中,ADHD患儿根据Conners父母评定量表中焦虑因子得分分为高焦虑水平ADHD组和非高焦虑水平ADHD组。使用WEISS功能缺陷量表评估ADHD儿童社会功能,分析比较各组间社会功能的差异,同时利用中介模型探讨焦虑水平在ADHD儿童社会功能损害中的中介效应。结果 高焦虑水平ADHD组和非高焦虑水平ADHD组WEISS量表6个分量表得分均高于健康对照组(P<0.05),其中高焦虑水平ADHD组在家庭、生活技能、社会活动和冒险活动因子得分显著高于非高焦虑水平ADHD组(P<0.05)。在中介模型中,焦虑因子在ADHD诊断与WEISS量表家庭因子、生活技能因子、自我管理因子、社会活动因子和冒险活动因子的相关关系中,均为有效的中介因子。结论 部分ADHD患儿存在较高的焦虑水平,高焦虑水平ADHD儿童存在更加明显的社会功能损害。

关键词: 注意缺陷多动障碍, 焦虑特质, 社会功能损害, 儿童